Research progress on the correlation between ion channel and excitability of striatum neurons in Parkinson's disease

Parkinson's disease(PD)is a neurodegenerative disorder due to gradual loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra in the midbrain,however the pathogenesis is unclear.There is a correlation between the excitability of striatal neurons and PD.Ion channels are important to maintain membrane potential and regulate excitability of neurons,while ionic mechanisms for modulation of neurons excitability are not fully understood.This article reviews the relationship between ion channels and excitability of striatal neurons in PD and ion channel changes in the pathogenesis of PD.In order to find new targets to treatment PD by intervening ion channels.

Research progress in repair of peripheral nerve injury with adiposederived stem cell exosomes

The repair of peripheral nerve injury has always been a clinical difficult problem.Although there are many different treatment methods in clinical practice,it has certain limitations.In recent years,the components carried in the adipose stem cell exosomes and their functions have been increasingly discovered.A large number of experiments at home and abroad have shown that adipose-derived stem cell exosomes have a positive effect on the repair of peripheral nerve injury.This article reviews the recent understanding of adipose-derived stem cell exosomes in the repair of peripheral nerve injury and the possible future research prospects of adipose-derived stem cells.

Psychological impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic on Chinese people: Exposure, post-traumatic stress symptom, and emotion regulation

Objective:To examine the effects of coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19)exposure,expressive suppression/cognitive reappraisal,and demographic variables on post-traumatic stress symptoms(PTS)among Chinese.Methods:Participants were recruited by social media through We Chat and 6049 Chinese(aged from 17 to 63 years;median=24)from 31 provinces were included in the study.PTS symptoms,expressive suppression,and cognitive reappraisal were assessed after the outbreak of COVID-19.A regression mixture analysis was conducted in Mplus 7.Results:A regression mixture model identified three latent classes that were primarily distinguished by differential effects of COVID-19 exposures on PTS symptoms:(1)Class 1(mildly PTS symptoms,80.9%),(2)Class 2(moderate PTS symptoms,13.0%),and(3)Class 3(high PTS symptoms,6.1%).The results demonstrated that the young,women and people with responsibilities and concerns for others were more vulnerable to PTS symptoms;and they had more expression inhibition and less cognitive reappraisal in three latent classes.Conclusions:The findings suggest that more attention needs to be paid to vulnerable groups such as the young,women and people with responsibilities and concerns for others.Therapies to encourage emotional expression and increase cognitive reappraisal may also be helpful for trauma survivors.

Posttraumatic stress symptom trajectories of Chinese university students during the first eight months of the COVID-19 pandemic and their association with cognitive reappraisal,expressive suppression,and posttraumatic growth

Objective: To identify the moderating effects of cognitive reappraisal(CR) and expressive suppression(ES) on the relationship between posttraumatic stress(PTS) symptoms and posttraumatic growth(PTG) in university students. Methods: The survey included 1 987 Chinese university students who completed questionnaires on PTS symptoms in February 2020, with three follow-up surveys at two-month intervals until August 2020. We assessed CR and ES at February 2020 and PTG at August 2020. Growth mixture modeling was used to classify the PTS symptom trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression was used to recognize the predictors of class membership. The relationships among PTS symptoms, CR, ES, and PTG were examined using multi-group path analysis.Results: Sex, SARS-Co V-2 infection of a family member or friend, number of siblings, CR, and ES were significantly associated with PTS symptoms. Three latent classes were identified: ‘Increasing PTS’(n=205, 10.0%) who had rapid deterioration of PTS symptoms, ‘Moderate PTS’(n=149, 8.0%) who had a high level of PTS symptoms at the beginning and slightly increasing, and ‘Persistent Minimal PTS’(n=1 633, 82.0%), who had slow resolution of PTS symptoms over time. Male, SARS-Co V-2 infection of a family member or friend, and having a lower CR and a higher ES, were more likely to have ‘Increasing PTS’. PTS at February 2020 predicted PTG only in ‘Increasing PTS’ class, and both CR and ES had moderating effects on the conversion between them.Conclusions: Most students recovered from posttraumatic stress of COVID-19 pandemic, but a small proportion expeienced increasing PTS symptoms, and those with this condition may benefit from emotional regulation intervention.

Vascular endothelial growth factor-165b protects the blood-retinal barrier from damage after acute high intraocular pressure in rats

AIM:To elucidate the role of vascular endothelial growth factor-165b(VEGF-165b)in blood-retinal barrier(BRB)injury in the rat acute glaucoma model.METHODS:In this study,the rat acute high intraocular pressure(HIOP)model was established before and after intravitreous injection of anti-VEGF-165b antibody.The expression of VEGF-165b and zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)in rat retina was detected by double immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting,and the breakdown of BRB was detected by Evans blue(EB)dye.RESULTS:The intact retina of rats expressed VEGF-165b and ZO-1 protein,which were mainly located in the retinal ganglion cell layer and the inner nuclear layer and were both co-expressed with vascular endothelial cell markers CD31.After acute HIOP,the expression of VEGF-165b was up-regulated;the expression of ZO-1 was down-regulated at 12h and then recovered at 3d;EB leakage increased,peaking at 12h.After intravitreous injection of anti-VEGF-165b antibody,the expression of VEGF-165b protein was no significantly changed;and the down-regulation of the expression of ZO-1 was more obvious;EB leakage became more serious,peaking at 3d.EB analysis also showed that EB leakage in the peripheral retina was greater than that in the central retina.CONCLUSION:The endogenous VEGF-165b protein may protect the BRB from acute HIOP by regulating the expression of ZO-1.The differential destruction of BRB after acute HIOP may be related to the selective loss of retinal ganglion cells.

Exosomes engineered to deliver microRNA-21-5p promote DRG neuron growth in vitro by targeting regeneration-related genes

The repairment after peripheral nerve injury is a very important field in medical research.Exosomes(Exo)is a natural nano-scale carrier for drugs.They can mediate the transfection of RNA and other signal molecules into cells.Therefore,Exo can be used to bring the genetic materials into target cells,and regulate the expression of related genes.In this study,microRNA-21-5p(miR-21-5p)was introduced into BMSCs-derived Exo.After transfecting into DRG neurons,we uncovered their effects on stimulating the growth of DRG neurons and explored possible mechanis.The exosomes engineered with miR-21-5p/miR-NC were prepared by electroporation to obtain iExosomes-21/iExosomes-NC.DRG neurons of SD rats were cultured in vitro.

Human herpesvirus 6B infection in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy:a meta-analysis

Background Whether human herpesvirus 6B(HHV-6B)can affect mesial temporal lobe epilepsy(MTLE)remains controversial.The present meta-analysis was aimed to evaluate whether HHV-6B is significantly associated with MTLE.Methods Six studies were included in this meta-analysis,comprising 183 MTLE patients and 75 controls.In these studies,HHV-6B infection in astrocytes and brain samples of MTLE patients and controls was investigated by polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence.Results The frequency of HHV-6B infection detection is significantly higher in the MTLE group than in the control group(OR=9.42,95%CI:3.66–24.25),(P<0.00001).Although febrile convulsion is strongly associated with MTLE,the formation of febrile convulsion leading to MTLE is not associated with HHV-6B infection(OR=2.68,95%CI:0.93–7.73),(P=0.07).Moreover,the HHV-6B-specific antigen is co-localized to cells positive for GFAP that morphologically resemble astrocytes.HHV-6B mainly infects astrocytes,oligodendrocytes and microglia,and could damage the vascular endothelial cells of the central nervous system.Conclusions There is an association between HHV-6B infection and MTLE.Future large-scale,multi-center,controlled,prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.In addition,the exact mechanism underlying the effects of HHV-6B infection on MTLE needs to be further investigated.