A review of validation methods for building energy modeling programs

Building energy simulation analysis plays an important supporting role in the conservation of building energy.Since the early 1980s,researchers have focused on the development and validation of building energy modeling programs(BEMPs)and have basically formed a set of systematic validation methods for BEMPs,mainly including analytical,comparative,and empirical methods.Based on related papers in this field,this study systematically analyzed the application status of validation methods for BEMPs from three aspects,namely,sources of validation cases,comparison parameters,and evaluation indicators.The applicability and characteristics of the three methods in different validation fields and different development stages of BEMPs were summarized.Guidance were proposed for researchers to choose more suitable validation methods and evaluation indicators.In addition,the current development trend of BEMPs and the challenges faced by validation methods were investigated,as well as the existing progress of current validation methods under this trend was analyzed.Subsequently,the development direction of the validation method was clarified.

Development of Suburban New Towns in Shanghai: Jobs-Housing Spatial Relationship Analysis

This paper identifies the employment and housing locations of residents in Shanghai based on mobile phone signaling data, so as to obtain the employment density and commuting data and analyze the development of nine suburban new towns from the perspective of jobs-housing spatial relationship. Firstly, the paper defines employment-intensive areas and gets the average employment density of each new town according to the employment density data. Then it marks out the scope of the employment influence through analyzing the sources of workers in each new town in accordance with the commuting data. Finally, it analyzes the jobs-housing balance of each new town using independence index, finding that suburban new towns in Shanghai have become main clusters of economic activities, while the scope of employment influence in each new town is still concentrated in its administrative area, with less attraction to residents in other areas. The independence index demonstrates a law that the suburban new town which is farther from the central city sees a higher degree of jobs-housing balance. Among them, new towns located in the outer suburbs with a low independence index indicate their special development situation, the reason of which is worth further study.

An emotions-informed approach for digital documentation of rural heritage landscapes:Baojiatun,a traditional tunpu village in Guizhou,China

The application of digital technologies has greatly improved the efficiency of cultural heritage documentation and the diversity of heritage information.Yet the adequate incorporation of cultural,intangible,sensory or experimental elements of local heritage in the process of digital documentation,and the deepening of local community engagement,remain important issues in cultural heritage research.This paper examines the heritage landscape of tunpu people within the context of digital conservation efforts in China and the emergence of emotions studies as an evaluative tool.Using a range of data from the Ming-era village of Baojiatun in Guizhou Province,this paper tests an exploratory emotions-based approach and methodology,revealing shifting interpersonal relationships,experiential and praxiological engagement with the landscape,and emotional registers within tunpu culture and heritage management.The analysis articulates distinctive asset of emotional value at various scales and suggests that such approaches,applied within digital documentation contexts,can help researchers to identify multi-level heritage landscape values and their carriers.This methodology can provide more complete and dynamic inventories to guide digital survey and representation;and the emotions-based approach also supports the integration of disparate heritage aspects in a holistic understanding of the living landscape.Finally,the incorporation of community participation in the process of digital survey breaks down boundaries between experts and communities and leads to more culturally appropriate heritage records and representations.