Objective To study the genetic relationship between Kirgiz individuals living in Sinkiang China and analyze the difference among Kirgiz and the other population with STR polymorphisms.Methods PCR amplification was per...Objective To study the genetic relationship between Kirgiz individuals living in Sinkiang China and analyze the difference among Kirgiz and the other population with STR polymorphisms.Methods PCR amplification was performed using PE9700,the PCR products were typed by automated sequencer and genescan.Results A database of nine STR loci of Kirgiz was established.It shows there are at least 73 STR alleles and 191 genotypes in Kirgiz.Genotype frequencies distribution showed no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by χ2-test.Kirgiz was compared with the other Chinese ethnic groups,then the American Black and the White.Conclusion These results suggested that the nine STR loci and Amelogenin locus were very useful in human identification,biological archaeology and gene resource studies.展开更多
Objective To report the HLA data of volunteer donors of Chinese bank from Northwest China and characterize the distribution of HLA genes in Northwest China. Methods HLA-A, B antigens of 2315 volunteer donors were exam...Objective To report the HLA data of volunteer donors of Chinese bank from Northwest China and characterize the distribution of HLA genes in Northwest China. Methods HLA-A, B antigens of 2315 volunteer donors were examined by the method of microlymphocytetoxicity (MLT) test .The antigen frequencies(AF) were assessed by directly counting; and based on that gene frequencies(GF) were calculated. HLA data from other population were collected and distribution characteristics were compared. With the raw data, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, statistical parameters of forensic medicine interest for HLA were computed. Results A total of 18 specific antigens were detected in HLA-A and the most frequent antigen was A2 . AF and GF were 0.5136 and 0.3026, respectively. A total of 42 specific antigens were detected in HLA-B and the most frequent antigen was A13. Its' AF and GF were 0.1978 and 0.1044, respectively. The heterozygosity(H), polymorphism information content(PIC), discrimination power(DP) and probability of paternity exclusion (PPE) of HLA-A were 0.8215, 0.8212, 0.9356 and 0.7798 accordingly; while H,PIC, DP and PPE of HLA-B were 0.9322, 0.9322, 0.9878 and 0.9528. Conclusion The polymorphism of HLA-A,B genes is characteristic in Chinese. In this research, the genetic trait of HLA in 2315 volunteers is consistent with Northern Han population.展开更多
In the criminal cases of driving under the influence(DUI), DNA evidence can be collected from the deployed airbag of the motor vehicle and submitted to the crime lab for touch DNA analysis.The evidence can be acquired...In the criminal cases of driving under the influence(DUI), DNA evidence can be collected from the deployed airbag of the motor vehicle and submitted to the crime lab for touch DNA analysis.The evidence can be acquired when the skin cells are observed on the surface of the airbag in a traffic accident. However, the low quantity or quality of the evidence collected from a crime scene prevents further identification analysis in many cases. In the current study, we reported a case of identifying touch DNA extraction from the shed skin cells from the deployed airbag of a motor vehicle. We managed to collect DNA evidence from the shed skin cells in an airbag using a proper approach of collection and extraction. The 5.87 ng of extracted DNA was sufficient for genotyping and forensic identification, which helped to identify the driver of the car in collision with a pier in the street. In DUI cases and other traffic accidents, therefore, the amount of touch DNA extracted from the deployed airbag can be sufficient for DNA marker genotyping and further analysis.展开更多
Accurate and sensitive strategies for Concanavalin A(Con A)sensing are conducive to the better cognition of various important biological and physiological processes.Here,by designing dextran-functionalized fluorescent...Accurate and sensitive strategies for Concanavalin A(Con A)sensing are conducive to the better cognition of various important biological and physiological processes.Here,by designing dextran-functionalized fluorescent microspheres(DxFMs)and boric acid-modified carbon dots(BCDs)as recognition unit and built-in signal reference respectively,a ratiometric fluorescent detection platform was proposed for Con A detection with high reliability.In this protocol,the BCDs/DxFMs precipitation was formed due to the covalent interactions between cis-diol of DxFMs and boronic acid groups of BCDs,thus only fluorescence of BCDs could be detected in the supernatant.When Con A was presented,it could bind to DxFMs through its carbohydrate recognition ability and suppress the subsequent assembly between DxFMs and BCDs,leading to the simultaneous capture of DxFMs and BCDs fluorescence in the supernatant.Since the BCDs content was superfluous,their fluorescence intensities were basically constant in all cases.Based on the unchanged BCDs fluorescence signal and target-dependent DxFMs fluorescence signal in supernatant,the ratiometric detection of Con A was realized.Under optimized conditions,this ratiometric fluorescent platform displayed a linear detection range from 0.125μg/mL to 12.5μg/mL with a detection limit of 0.089μg/mL.Moreover,satisfied analytical outcomes for Con A detection in serum samples were obtained,manifesting huge application potential of this ratiometric fluorescent platform in clinical diagnosis.展开更多
The determination of time since death or the postmortem interval(PMI)is one of the most important and frequently asked questions in forensic medicine.Medicolegal scholars and forensic pathologists around the world hav...The determination of time since death or the postmortem interval(PMI)is one of the most important and frequently asked questions in forensic medicine.Medicolegal scholars and forensic pathologists around the world have studied the estimation of PMI extensively in the past,and many novel methods and advanced technologies have now been applied in the field.For several centuries,Chinese forensic examiners have also worked on the estimation of the PMI,and there are a large number of excellent studies published in Chinese rather than in English,and these are not easily accessible or known internationally.Therefore we have conducted a review of relevant studies published by Chinese forensic scholars in the last few decades.The scope of this review is to provide a concise summary of the current progress in the estimation of PMI by Chinese forensic researchers using molecular biology,spectroscopic technology,entomological methods,energy changes,thanatochemistry and other methods.展开更多
Forensic science is crucial for the administration of justice and case investigation.in China,political-legal organizations,including the courts,public security,procuratorate,and judicial administration,developed thei...Forensic science is crucial for the administration of justice and case investigation.in China,political-legal organizations,including the courts,public security,procuratorate,and judicial administration,developed their own forensic practices before 2004.As a result,the frequent and repeated appraisals undermined judicial authority and credibility.Thus,a law was published in 2005 to improve the uniform forensic management system by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress,leading to the establishment of the Forensic Administration of the Ministry of Justice in 2006.During this process,the increased accreditation and interflow highlighted the role of consensus in forensic standards for forensic service providers to avoid uncertainty regarding the methods used and interpretation of results.in 2017,a policy document was promulgated again to strengthen the importance of the uniform standards,which also proposed to establish a new national technical committee for the standardization of forensic science by the General Office of the State Council.in 2018,despite the continuing problems concerning uniformity,the Forensic Administration of the Ministry of Justice was merged into the Public Legal Services Administration.Yet,there is still a long way to go for the national technical committee for the standardization of forensic science.This paper analyses the evolution of forensic standards internationally and nationally,discusses the existing problems,and proposes relative solutions.Moreover,it discusses the future of standards development with the deepening of the reformation of both the national standardization and judicial system.展开更多
Zn2Si O4︰Tb^3+, Zn2 Si O4︰Ce^3+, Zn2 Si O4︰Tb^3+, Ce^3+ phosphors were prepared by solidstate reaction at 1 150 ℃ for 2h under a weak reducing atmosphere. Moreover, the XRD patterns and photoluminescence spect...Zn2Si O4︰Tb^3+, Zn2 Si O4︰Ce^3+, Zn2 Si O4︰Tb^3+, Ce^3+ phosphors were prepared by solidstate reaction at 1 150 ℃ for 2h under a weak reducing atmosphere. Moreover, the XRD patterns and photoluminescence spectra were recorded and the effects of Tb3+ and Ce3+ concentration on the luminescent properties of as-synthesized phosphors were investigated. The emission spectra under ultraviolet light(333 nm) radiation showed a dominant peak at 542 nm attributed to the 5D4→7F5 transition of Tb^3+, which was enhanced significantly(about 45 times) by the co-doping of Ce^3+, indicating that there occurred an efficient energy transfer from Ce^3+ to Tb^3+. According to the Dexter's energy transfer formula of multipolar interaction, it was demonstrated that the energy transfer between Ce3+ and Tb3+ was due to the electric dipolar-dipolar interaction of the resonance transfer.展开更多
Objective:A diagnosis of drowning remains one of the most challenging issues in forensic science,especially for decomposed bodies.Diatom analysis is considered as an encouraging method for diagnosing drowning.In this ...Objective:A diagnosis of drowning remains one of the most challenging issues in forensic science,especially for decomposed bodies.Diatom analysis is considered as an encouraging method for diagnosing drowning.In this study,we developed a drowned rat model using different diatom densities in water.Methods:A total of 120 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used and divided into six groups,wherein experimental groups 1-5 were drowned rats(group A)and postmortem submersion rats(group B)that were submerged in water with five different Cyclotella sp.diatom densities,while the remaining group was used as a blank control.The combination of microwave digestion and vacuum filtration method was used to accomplish efficient tissue digestion and ascertain higher accuracy of diatom determinations within organs.Results:The abundances of diatoms in the lungs,livers,and kidneys were significantly different.The diatom abundances in the lungs,livers,and kidneys were directly proportional to the water diatom densities,and specific quantitative relationships could be approximated by separate regression equations for each organ type.However,the trends associated with the diatom increases among organs slightly differed.In addition,the diatom abundances in the lungs,livers,and kidneys were all positively correlated.Diatoms were not observed in the postmortem submersion groups nor in the blank control groups.Conclusion:The results of this study provide valuable information for establishing a quantitative diatom framework for informing future forensic medicine efforts.展开更多
Objective To investigate the mitochondrial DN A sequence polymorphism sites in Chinese YUGU ethnic group and to provide basic da ta used in forensic purpose. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from the hole blood o...Objective To investigate the mitochondrial DN A sequence polymorphism sites in Chinese YUGU ethnic group and to provide basic da ta used in forensic purpose. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from the hole blood of 100 unrelated individuals of Chinese YUGU ethnic group by standard chelex-100 method. The sequence polymorphism sites was determined by PCR amplification and direct sequencing. Results 54 polymorphic sites were noted in mtDNA np16091-16418 region, and 46 haplotypes were identifi ed. The genetic diversity was calculated to be 0.9691, and the genetic identity was calculated to be 0.0406. Conclusion There are some particul ar polymorphism sites in Chinese YUGU ethnic group. The results suggest that seq uence polymorphism from np16091-16418 in human mitochondrial DNA can be used as a biological marker for forensic identity.展开更多
Objective To discuss the genetic relationship between Chaoxian and the other populations with STR polymorphisms, and study the origination of Chaoxian with historical data, analyze the difference among them. Methods S...Objective To discuss the genetic relationship between Chaoxian and the other populations with STR polymorphisms, and study the origination of Chaoxian with historical data, analyze the difference among them. Methods Samples were obtained from 91 unrelated individuals of Jilin province. PCR amplification was performed using PE9700, the results were analyzed with the GeneScan software and then using the Genetic Analyzer ABI377 and Genotyper2.5. Tests for Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and the clustering map were carried out using SPSS11.5. The DA (genetic distance) according to Nei's was calculated and a phylogenetic tree based on the neighbor-joining method using Mega2 software package was constructed. Results 81 alleles and 196 genotypes were observed, with the corresponding frequencies ranging from 0.0055 to 0.4615 and 0.0110 to 0.2747, the observed and expected of genotypes were evaluated using χ 2-test and all of the loci were in accordance with Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (P> 0.05). Chaoxian was clustered with the other Chinese ethnic groups, then the American Black and the White; it was clustered with the Baishan Han, the Beijing Han of China first, then the South Korean. Conclusion The differentiation among races is larger than that among minorities, and, the differentiation among minorities is related to and is consistent with their geographic location.展开更多
Postmortem imaging(PMI)technology known as virtual autopsy or virtopsy is regarded as a useful method of noninvasive or minimally invasive autopsy in forensic practice.Postmortem computed tomography is applicable to t...Postmortem imaging(PMI)technology known as virtual autopsy or virtopsy is regarded as a useful method of noninvasive or minimally invasive autopsy in forensic practice.Postmortem computed tomography is applicable to traumatic investigation,acute hemorrhage,pulmonary parenchyma disease,calcification(calculus,atherosclerosis),and gas accumulation.Postmortem magnetic resonance(PMMR)has been proven to have advantages in soft tissue identification.Cardiac death is one of the keys and difficult points in forensic practice.With the introduction and development of PMCT angiography and PMMR,it was proved to be a very promising tool in the investigation of cardiac death,including vascular cavities and ischemic myocardium.This article reviewed the applications of the latest PMI and its related technologies in forensic cardiac pathology,including advantages,limitations,and development prospects.展开更多
Diatom test(forensic diatomology)is commonly considered as the“gold standard”in the diagnosis of drowning in forensic practices.The diatomology contributes significantly not only in determining the mode of death but...Diatom test(forensic diatomology)is commonly considered as the“gold standard”in the diagnosis of drowning in forensic practices.The diatomology contributes significantly not only in determining the mode of death but also in determining the site of drowning because of various distribution characterizations of diatoms in different water bodies or different seasons.Hence,it is believed that diatomological mapping will be interest to forensic pathologists in the future development.Here,we reviewed the all the studies on the distribution characterizations of diatoms in different water bodies in China recently.The present paper summarized the current situation and the limitations of the previous studies.Moreover,we suggested that it was necessary to establish a systematized and standardized diatomological mapping program nationwide.Our study also encourages diatomological mapping for forensic characterization of water bodies for a prolonged time.展开更多
Worldwide,the incidence of major depressive disorder(MDD)is increasing annually,resulting in greater economic and social burdens.Moreover,the pathological mechanisms of MDD and the mechanisms underlying the effects of...Worldwide,the incidence of major depressive disorder(MDD)is increasing annually,resulting in greater economic and social burdens.Moreover,the pathological mechanisms of MDD and the mechanisms underlying the effects of pharmacological treatments for MDD are complex and unclear,and additional diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for MDD still are needed.The currently widely accepted theories of MDD pathogenesis include the neurotransmitter and receptor hypothesis,hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis hypothesis,cytokine hypothesis,neuroplasticity hypothesis and systemic influence hypothesis,but these hypothesis cannot completely explain the pathological mechanism of MDD.Even it is still hard to adopt only one hypothesis to completely reveal the pathogenesis of MDD,thus in recent years,great progress has been made in elucidating the roles of multiple organ interactions in the pathogenesis MDD and identifying novel therapeutic approaches and multitarget modulatory strategies,further revealing the disease features of MDD.Furthermore,some newly discovered potential pharmacological targets and newly studied antidepressants have attracted widespread attention,some reagents have even been approved for clinical treatment and some novel therapeutic methods such as phototherapy and acupuncture have been discovered to have effective improvement for the depressive symptoms.In this work,we comprehensively summarize the latest research on the pathogenesis and diagnosis of MDD,preventive approaches and therapeutic medicines,as well as the related clinical trials.展开更多
Determining the age of a wound is challenging in forensic pathology,but it can contribute to the reconstruction of crime scenes and lead to arrest of suspects.Forensic scholars have tended to focus on evaluating wound...Determining the age of a wound is challenging in forensic pathology,but it can contribute to the reconstruction of crime scenes and lead to arrest of suspects.Forensic scholars have tended to focus on evaluating wound vitality and determining the time elapsed since the wound was sustained.Recent progress in forensic techniques,particularly high-throughput analyses,has enabled evaluation of materials at the cellular and molecular levels,as well as simultaneous assessment of multiple markers.This paper provides an update on wound-age estimation in forensic pathology,summarizes the recent literature,and considers useful additional informa-tion provided by each marker.Finally,the future prospects for estimating wound age in foren-sic practise are discussed with the hope of providing something useful for further study.展开更多
Nine short tandem repeat (STR) markers on the X chromosome (DXS101, DXS6789, DXS6799, DXS6804, DXST132, DXST133, DXS7423, DXS8378, and HPRTB) were analyzed in four population groups (Mongol, Ewenki, Oroqen, and D...Nine short tandem repeat (STR) markers on the X chromosome (DXS101, DXS6789, DXS6799, DXS6804, DXST132, DXST133, DXS7423, DXS8378, and HPRTB) were analyzed in four population groups (Mongol, Ewenki, Oroqen, and Daur) from Inner Mongolia, China, in order to learn about the genetic diversity, forensic suitability, and possible genetic affinities of the populations. Frequency estimates, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and other parameters of forensic interest were computed. The results revealed that the nine markers have a moderate degree of variability in the population groups. Most heterozygosity values for the nine loci range from 0.480 to 0.891, and there are evident differences of genetic variability among the populations. A UPGMA tree constructed on the basis of the generated data shows very low genetic distance betweent Mongol and Han (Xi'an) populations. Our results based on genetic distance analysis are consistent with the results of earlier studies based on linguistics and the immigration history and origin of these populations. The minisatellite loci on the X chromosome studied here are not only useful in showing significant genetic variation between the populations, but also are suitable for human identity testing among Inner Mongolian populations.展开更多
Targeted post-mortem computed tomography(PMCT)combined with coronary angiography has the potential to play a significant role in the investigation of sudden cardiac death.The authors utilized a targeted PMCT coronary ...Targeted post-mortem computed tomography(PMCT)combined with coronary angiography has the potential to play a significant role in the investigation of sudden cardiac death.The authors utilized a targeted PMCT coronary angiography in a case involving a 53-year-old man who died from acute myocardial ischemia and cardiac decompensation which may result from coronary artery disease(CAD).The victim collapsed suddenly at work and died soon after arrival to hospital.The body was examined using PMCT and targeted PMCT coronary angiography.The left anterior descending coronary artery exhibited 75%-100%stenosis in the middle segment;however,the distal segment could not be clearly visualized.In addition,the left circumflex and right coronary artery exhibited calcification,atherosclerosis and an area of 50% stenosis.Signs of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema were also identified.The imaging results suggested that this individual had coronary atherosclerosis and probably died from CAD.The autopsy and histological examination revealed acute myocardial ischemia and myocardial scarring,confirming the cause of death while excluding other probabilities.In summary,targeted post-mortem computed tomography angiography(PMCTA)can visualize the arteries and estimate the degree of principal pathological changes.This method is a simple,reliable and sensitive technique for identifying the presence of coronary atherosclerosis.It is a valuable post-mortem forensic imaging method and should be recommended in the investigation of suspicious cardiac deaths.展开更多
The demand for in-situ detection of latent fingerprints(LFPs)in ways of high sensitivity,high selectivity,high contrast,low cost and user-friendly is still urgent.To overcome this challenge,a moisture-stable,red-emitt...The demand for in-situ detection of latent fingerprints(LFPs)in ways of high sensitivity,high selectivity,high contrast,low cost and user-friendly is still urgent.To overcome this challenge,a moisture-stable,red-emitting fluoride phosphor K_(3)AlF_(6):Mn^(4+)(KAF:Mn^(4+))with an organic hydrophobic skin was prepared.The phosphor has a uniform and superfine morphology with excellent luminescence properties.More importantly,this non-ultraviolet(UV)or non-near infrared(NIR)induced phosphor was proved to be an ideal fluorescent label for LFP imaging,which is both friendly for touch DNA analysis and compatible to forensic light sources.The well-defined ridge details with little background interference on various surfaces were presented by the oleic acid(OA)modified KAF:Mn^(4+)(KAF:Mn^(4+)-OA)phosphor in few seconds using the powder dusting method.To confirm the high selectivity of KAF:Mn^(4+)-OA for LFP imaging,an efficient quantitative evaluation method is proposed with the aid of ImageJ&Origin software.Due to the superiority of the Mn^(4+)-doped fluoride for the rapid imaging of LFPs in terms of lowcost,high compatibility and good availability,it is expected to be a promising candidate for forensic science as well as fluorescence imaging in other fields instead of rare earth luminescent materials.展开更多
To elucidate the toxic mechanism of snake venom at the protein level,proteomics technol-ogy was applied to investigate the effect of venom on circulation in the mammalian body.Temporal proteomic analysis was performed...To elucidate the toxic mechanism of snake venom at the protein level,proteomics technol-ogy was applied to investigate the effect of venom on circulation in the mammalian body.Temporal proteomic analysis was performed to profile the dynamic changes in the sera of Sprague-Dawley rats administered with Chinese cobra venom or saline.Using 8-plex iTRAQ analysis,392 and 636 serum proteins were identified to be linearly upregulated or downre-gulated over time in the low-dose group and high-dose group,respectively.These proteins were mainly associated with the acute phase response pathway,complement system,and liver X receptor(LXR)/retinoid X receptor(RXR)and farnesoid X receptor(FXR)/RXR activation pathways.Compared with the low-dose group,the immune response and integrin pathways were inhibited in the high-dose group,although no obvious effect was observed.With con-sistently higher or lower expression in the high-dose group compared to the low-dose group throughout the whole process of venom poisoning,two proteins,Kininogen-1(KNG1)and orosomucoid 1(ORM1),which are involved in metabolism and immune response,occu-pied a core position in the pathway network and are considered venom dose-dependent biomarker candidates.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to measure the craniofacial region of Chinese Han people in the linear and angular dimensions,and to analyse the effects on sex,age and body parameters(height and weight).All 250 individu...The purpose of this study was to measure the craniofacial region of Chinese Han people in the linear and angular dimensions,and to analyse the effects on sex,age and body parameters(height and weight).All 250 individuals(86 males,164 females)underwent a three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scan,and the MRI data were imported into VG Studio MAX 2.2 software.Each linear and angular measurement in the craniofacial region was processed directly.Using SPSS 20.0 software,nine multiple regression equations were constructed,and all the adjusted R^(2) values were statistically significant(0.031-0.311).Multiple regression analysis showed that most craniofacial measurements of Chinese people were significantly correlated with height,weight or age.The multiple regression equations constructed will be helpful in anthropometric analysis and forensic inference.展开更多
Two rare cases of long alleles at Y‑chromosome short tandem repeat(Y‑STR)loci(DYF387S1 and DYS447)were identified when two father-son pairs were analyzed by multiplex amplification.“Null alleles”were observed at DYF...Two rare cases of long alleles at Y‑chromosome short tandem repeat(Y‑STR)loci(DYF387S1 and DYS447)were identified when two father-son pairs were analyzed by multiplex amplification.“Null alleles”were observed at DYF387S1 and DYS447,and duplicated alleles were displayed at DYS533 and DYS19.We secondly amplified DYF387S1,DYS533,DYS447,and DYS19 loci by singleplex polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and sequence analysis of the long alleles at DYF387S1 and DYS447 loci.The results showed that alleles from DYF387S1(allele 55)and DYS447(allele 41)were longer than their common sizes in the allelic ladder ranges(33-42 for DYF387S1 and 18-30 for DYS447)and located in the neighboring loci(DYS533 and DYS19,respectively).Therefore,to identify these cases involving this unusual phenomenon,not only re‑amplification using the same kit but also additional amplification(using alternative multiplex kits with different adjoining markers or additional singleplex PCR amplification)should be performed to avoid misinterpreting Y‑STR profiles.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.39940401).
文摘Objective To study the genetic relationship between Kirgiz individuals living in Sinkiang China and analyze the difference among Kirgiz and the other population with STR polymorphisms.Methods PCR amplification was performed using PE9700,the PCR products were typed by automated sequencer and genescan.Results A database of nine STR loci of Kirgiz was established.It shows there are at least 73 STR alleles and 191 genotypes in Kirgiz.Genotype frequencies distribution showed no deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by χ2-test.Kirgiz was compared with the other Chinese ethnic groups,then the American Black and the White.Conclusion These results suggested that the nine STR loci and Amelogenin locus were very useful in human identification,biological archaeology and gene resource studies.
文摘Objective To report the HLA data of volunteer donors of Chinese bank from Northwest China and characterize the distribution of HLA genes in Northwest China. Methods HLA-A, B antigens of 2315 volunteer donors were examined by the method of microlymphocytetoxicity (MLT) test .The antigen frequencies(AF) were assessed by directly counting; and based on that gene frequencies(GF) were calculated. HLA data from other population were collected and distribution characteristics were compared. With the raw data, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, statistical parameters of forensic medicine interest for HLA were computed. Results A total of 18 specific antigens were detected in HLA-A and the most frequent antigen was A2 . AF and GF were 0.5136 and 0.3026, respectively. A total of 42 specific antigens were detected in HLA-B and the most frequent antigen was A13. Its' AF and GF were 0.1978 and 0.1044, respectively. The heterozygosity(H), polymorphism information content(PIC), discrimination power(DP) and probability of paternity exclusion (PPE) of HLA-A were 0.8215, 0.8212, 0.9356 and 0.7798 accordingly; while H,PIC, DP and PPE of HLA-B were 0.9322, 0.9322, 0.9878 and 0.9528. Conclusion The polymorphism of HLA-A,B genes is characteristic in Chinese. In this research, the genetic trait of HLA in 2315 volunteers is consistent with Northern Han population.
基金This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In the criminal cases of driving under the influence(DUI), DNA evidence can be collected from the deployed airbag of the motor vehicle and submitted to the crime lab for touch DNA analysis.The evidence can be acquired when the skin cells are observed on the surface of the airbag in a traffic accident. However, the low quantity or quality of the evidence collected from a crime scene prevents further identification analysis in many cases. In the current study, we reported a case of identifying touch DNA extraction from the shed skin cells from the deployed airbag of a motor vehicle. We managed to collect DNA evidence from the shed skin cells in an airbag using a proper approach of collection and extraction. The 5.87 ng of extracted DNA was sufficient for genotyping and forensic identification, which helped to identify the driver of the car in collision with a pier in the street. In DUI cases and other traffic accidents, therefore, the amount of touch DNA extracted from the deployed airbag can be sufficient for DNA marker genotyping and further analysis.
基金supported by the Key Project of Science and Technology of Henan Province(No.212102310334)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21974125,22174131).
文摘Accurate and sensitive strategies for Concanavalin A(Con A)sensing are conducive to the better cognition of various important biological and physiological processes.Here,by designing dextran-functionalized fluorescent microspheres(DxFMs)and boric acid-modified carbon dots(BCDs)as recognition unit and built-in signal reference respectively,a ratiometric fluorescent detection platform was proposed for Con A detection with high reliability.In this protocol,the BCDs/DxFMs precipitation was formed due to the covalent interactions between cis-diol of DxFMs and boronic acid groups of BCDs,thus only fluorescence of BCDs could be detected in the supernatant.When Con A was presented,it could bind to DxFMs through its carbohydrate recognition ability and suppress the subsequent assembly between DxFMs and BCDs,leading to the simultaneous capture of DxFMs and BCDs fluorescence in the supernatant.Since the BCDs content was superfluous,their fluorescence intensities were basically constant in all cases.Based on the unchanged BCDs fluorescence signal and target-dependent DxFMs fluorescence signal in supernatant,the ratiometric detection of Con A was realized.Under optimized conditions,this ratiometric fluorescent platform displayed a linear detection range from 0.125μg/mL to 12.5μg/mL with a detection limit of 0.089μg/mL.Moreover,satisfied analytical outcomes for Con A detection in serum samples were obtained,manifesting huge application potential of this ratiometric fluorescent platform in clinical diagnosis.
基金supported by National Sciences Foundation of China(NSFC)[grant numbers 81601645,81671869,81072509,81273339 and 81273335]the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality[grant number 14DZ2270800].
文摘The determination of time since death or the postmortem interval(PMI)is one of the most important and frequently asked questions in forensic medicine.Medicolegal scholars and forensic pathologists around the world have studied the estimation of PMI extensively in the past,and many novel methods and advanced technologies have now been applied in the field.For several centuries,Chinese forensic examiners have also worked on the estimation of the PMI,and there are a large number of excellent studies published in Chinese rather than in English,and these are not easily accessible or known internationally.Therefore we have conducted a review of relevant studies published by Chinese forensic scholars in the last few decades.The scope of this review is to provide a concise summary of the current progress in the estimation of PMI by Chinese forensic researchers using molecular biology,spectroscopic technology,entomological methods,energy changes,thanatochemistry and other methods.
基金This study was supported by grants from the Ministry of Justice[grant number 20SFB4017]the Shanghai science and Technology Innovation Fund[grant number 19DZ2201400]State Administration for Market Regulation[grant number 2019MK139].
文摘Forensic science is crucial for the administration of justice and case investigation.in China,political-legal organizations,including the courts,public security,procuratorate,and judicial administration,developed their own forensic practices before 2004.As a result,the frequent and repeated appraisals undermined judicial authority and credibility.Thus,a law was published in 2005 to improve the uniform forensic management system by the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress,leading to the establishment of the Forensic Administration of the Ministry of Justice in 2006.During this process,the increased accreditation and interflow highlighted the role of consensus in forensic standards for forensic service providers to avoid uncertainty regarding the methods used and interpretation of results.in 2017,a policy document was promulgated again to strengthen the importance of the uniform standards,which also proposed to establish a new national technical committee for the standardization of forensic science by the General Office of the State Council.in 2018,despite the continuing problems concerning uniformity,the Forensic Administration of the Ministry of Justice was merged into the Public Legal Services Administration.Yet,there is still a long way to go for the national technical committee for the standardization of forensic science.This paper analyses the evolution of forensic standards internationally and nationally,discusses the existing problems,and proposes relative solutions.Moreover,it discusses the future of standards development with the deepening of the reformation of both the national standardization and judicial system.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21171152)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province of China(No.2013CFB036)the Science and Technology Project of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(No.B20083202)
文摘Zn2Si O4︰Tb^3+, Zn2 Si O4︰Ce^3+, Zn2 Si O4︰Tb^3+, Ce^3+ phosphors were prepared by solidstate reaction at 1 150 ℃ for 2h under a weak reducing atmosphere. Moreover, the XRD patterns and photoluminescence spectra were recorded and the effects of Tb3+ and Ce3+ concentration on the luminescent properties of as-synthesized phosphors were investigated. The emission spectra under ultraviolet light(333 nm) radiation showed a dominant peak at 542 nm attributed to the 5D4→7F5 transition of Tb^3+, which was enhanced significantly(about 45 times) by the co-doping of Ce^3+, indicating that there occurred an efficient energy transfer from Ce^3+ to Tb^3+. According to the Dexter's energy transfer formula of multipolar interaction, it was demonstrated that the energy transfer between Ce3+ and Tb3+ was due to the electric dipolar-dipolar interaction of the resonance transfer.
基金supported by the Hubei Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2019CFC861).
文摘Objective:A diagnosis of drowning remains one of the most challenging issues in forensic science,especially for decomposed bodies.Diatom analysis is considered as an encouraging method for diagnosing drowning.In this study,we developed a drowned rat model using different diatom densities in water.Methods:A total of 120 adult Sprague-Dawley rats were used and divided into six groups,wherein experimental groups 1-5 were drowned rats(group A)and postmortem submersion rats(group B)that were submerged in water with five different Cyclotella sp.diatom densities,while the remaining group was used as a blank control.The combination of microwave digestion and vacuum filtration method was used to accomplish efficient tissue digestion and ascertain higher accuracy of diatom determinations within organs.Results:The abundances of diatoms in the lungs,livers,and kidneys were significantly different.The diatom abundances in the lungs,livers,and kidneys were directly proportional to the water diatom densities,and specific quantitative relationships could be approximated by separate regression equations for each organ type.However,the trends associated with the diatom increases among organs slightly differed.In addition,the diatom abundances in the lungs,livers,and kidneys were all positively correlated.Diatoms were not observed in the postmortem submersion groups nor in the blank control groups.Conclusion:The results of this study provide valuable information for establishing a quantitative diatom framework for informing future forensic medicine efforts.
文摘Objective To investigate the mitochondrial DN A sequence polymorphism sites in Chinese YUGU ethnic group and to provide basic da ta used in forensic purpose. Methods Genomic DNA was extracted from the hole blood of 100 unrelated individuals of Chinese YUGU ethnic group by standard chelex-100 method. The sequence polymorphism sites was determined by PCR amplification and direct sequencing. Results 54 polymorphic sites were noted in mtDNA np16091-16418 region, and 46 haplotypes were identifi ed. The genetic diversity was calculated to be 0.9691, and the genetic identity was calculated to be 0.0406. Conclusion There are some particul ar polymorphism sites in Chinese YUGU ethnic group. The results suggest that seq uence polymorphism from np16091-16418 in human mitochondrial DNA can be used as a biological marker for forensic identity.
文摘Objective To discuss the genetic relationship between Chaoxian and the other populations with STR polymorphisms, and study the origination of Chaoxian with historical data, analyze the difference among them. Methods Samples were obtained from 91 unrelated individuals of Jilin province. PCR amplification was performed using PE9700, the results were analyzed with the GeneScan software and then using the Genetic Analyzer ABI377 and Genotyper2.5. Tests for Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) and the clustering map were carried out using SPSS11.5. The DA (genetic distance) according to Nei's was calculated and a phylogenetic tree based on the neighbor-joining method using Mega2 software package was constructed. Results 81 alleles and 196 genotypes were observed, with the corresponding frequencies ranging from 0.0055 to 0.4615 and 0.0110 to 0.2747, the observed and expected of genotypes were evaluated using χ 2-test and all of the loci were in accordance with Hardy Weinberg equilibrium (P> 0.05). Chaoxian was clustered with the other Chinese ethnic groups, then the American Black and the White; it was clustered with the Baishan Han, the Beijing Han of China first, then the South Korean. Conclusion The differentiation among races is larger than that among minorities, and, the differentiation among minorities is related to and is consistent with their geographic location.
基金By grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(no.2022YFC3302002)the Council of National Science Foundation of China(grant number 82171872)+4 种基金the Council of National Science Foundation of Shanghai(grant number 21ZR1464600)Key Laboratory of judicial expertise of Ministry of Justice and Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine(grant number 21DZ2270800)Shanghai Forensic Service Platform(grant number 19DZ2292700)Central Research Institute Public Project(grant numbers2020Z‑4,2021G‑4)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine,Key Lab of Forensic Science,Ministry of Justice(grant number KF202120).
文摘Postmortem imaging(PMI)technology known as virtual autopsy or virtopsy is regarded as a useful method of noninvasive or minimally invasive autopsy in forensic practice.Postmortem computed tomography is applicable to traumatic investigation,acute hemorrhage,pulmonary parenchyma disease,calcification(calculus,atherosclerosis),and gas accumulation.Postmortem magnetic resonance(PMMR)has been proven to have advantages in soft tissue identification.Cardiac death is one of the keys and difficult points in forensic practice.With the introduction and development of PMCT angiography and PMMR,it was proved to be a very promising tool in the investigation of cardiac death,including vascular cavities and ischemic myocardium.This article reviewed the applications of the latest PMI and its related technologies in forensic cardiac pathology,including advantages,limitations,and development prospects.
文摘Diatom test(forensic diatomology)is commonly considered as the“gold standard”in the diagnosis of drowning in forensic practices.The diatomology contributes significantly not only in determining the mode of death but also in determining the site of drowning because of various distribution characterizations of diatoms in different water bodies or different seasons.Hence,it is believed that diatomological mapping will be interest to forensic pathologists in the future development.Here,we reviewed the all the studies on the distribution characterizations of diatoms in different water bodies in China recently.The present paper summarized the current situation and the limitations of the previous studies.Moreover,we suggested that it was necessary to establish a systematized and standardized diatomological mapping program nationwide.Our study also encourages diatomological mapping for forensic characterization of water bodies for a prolonged time.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,MX[grant number 32271038]and BL[grant number 81871852]Shenyang Science and Technology Innovation Talents Project,BL[grant number RC210251]+2 种基金‘ChunHui’Program of Education Ministry,BL[grant number 2020703]National Natural Science Foundation of China-Russian Science Foundation(NSFC-RSF),YT[grant number 82261138557]Sichuan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine,YT[grant number 2023zd024].
文摘Worldwide,the incidence of major depressive disorder(MDD)is increasing annually,resulting in greater economic and social burdens.Moreover,the pathological mechanisms of MDD and the mechanisms underlying the effects of pharmacological treatments for MDD are complex and unclear,and additional diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for MDD still are needed.The currently widely accepted theories of MDD pathogenesis include the neurotransmitter and receptor hypothesis,hypothalamicpituitary-adrenal(HPA)axis hypothesis,cytokine hypothesis,neuroplasticity hypothesis and systemic influence hypothesis,but these hypothesis cannot completely explain the pathological mechanism of MDD.Even it is still hard to adopt only one hypothesis to completely reveal the pathogenesis of MDD,thus in recent years,great progress has been made in elucidating the roles of multiple organ interactions in the pathogenesis MDD and identifying novel therapeutic approaches and multitarget modulatory strategies,further revealing the disease features of MDD.Furthermore,some newly discovered potential pharmacological targets and newly studied antidepressants have attracted widespread attention,some reagents have even been approved for clinical treatment and some novel therapeutic methods such as phototherapy and acupuncture have been discovered to have effective improvement for the depressive symptoms.In this work,we comprehensively summarize the latest research on the pathogenesis and diagnosis of MDD,preventive approaches and therapeutic medicines,as well as the related clinical trials.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 81601646,81571852 and 81373241].
文摘Determining the age of a wound is challenging in forensic pathology,but it can contribute to the reconstruction of crime scenes and lead to arrest of suspects.Forensic scholars have tended to focus on evaluating wound vitality and determining the time elapsed since the wound was sustained.Recent progress in forensic techniques,particularly high-throughput analyses,has enabled evaluation of materials at the cellular and molecular levels,as well as simultaneous assessment of multiple markers.This paper provides an update on wound-age estimation in forensic pathology,summarizes the recent literature,and considers useful additional informa-tion provided by each marker.Finally,the future prospects for estimating wound age in foren-sic practise are discussed with the hope of providing something useful for further study.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 39970401) the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 505015).
文摘Nine short tandem repeat (STR) markers on the X chromosome (DXS101, DXS6789, DXS6799, DXS6804, DXST132, DXST133, DXS7423, DXS8378, and HPRTB) were analyzed in four population groups (Mongol, Ewenki, Oroqen, and Daur) from Inner Mongolia, China, in order to learn about the genetic diversity, forensic suitability, and possible genetic affinities of the populations. Frequency estimates, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, and other parameters of forensic interest were computed. The results revealed that the nine markers have a moderate degree of variability in the population groups. Most heterozygosity values for the nine loci range from 0.480 to 0.891, and there are evident differences of genetic variability among the populations. A UPGMA tree constructed on the basis of the generated data shows very low genetic distance betweent Mongol and Han (Xi'an) populations. Our results based on genetic distance analysis are consistent with the results of earlier studies based on linguistics and the immigration history and origin of these populations. The minisatellite loci on the X chromosome studied here are not only useful in showing significant genetic variation between the populations, but also are suitable for human identity testing among Inner Mongolian populations.
基金supported by grants from National Key R&D Program of China[grant number 2016YFC0800702]National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant num-bers 81571851 and 81401559]Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai Municipality[grant numbers 17DZ2273200 and 16DZ2290900].
文摘Targeted post-mortem computed tomography(PMCT)combined with coronary angiography has the potential to play a significant role in the investigation of sudden cardiac death.The authors utilized a targeted PMCT coronary angiography in a case involving a 53-year-old man who died from acute myocardial ischemia and cardiac decompensation which may result from coronary artery disease(CAD).The victim collapsed suddenly at work and died soon after arrival to hospital.The body was examined using PMCT and targeted PMCT coronary angiography.The left anterior descending coronary artery exhibited 75%-100%stenosis in the middle segment;however,the distal segment could not be clearly visualized.In addition,the left circumflex and right coronary artery exhibited calcification,atherosclerosis and an area of 50% stenosis.Signs of cardiogenic pulmonary oedema were also identified.The imaging results suggested that this individual had coronary atherosclerosis and probably died from CAD.The autopsy and histological examination revealed acute myocardial ischemia and myocardial scarring,confirming the cause of death while excluding other probabilities.In summary,targeted post-mortem computed tomography angiography(PMCTA)can visualize the arteries and estimate the degree of principal pathological changes.This method is a simple,reliable and sensitive technique for identifying the presence of coronary atherosclerosis.It is a valuable post-mortem forensic imaging method and should be recommended in the investigation of suspicious cardiac deaths.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51962005)China Scholarship Council(201908505044)+6 种基金the cultivation project of the State Key Laboratory of Green Development and High-value Utilization of Ionic Rare Earth Resources in Jiangxi Province(20194AFD44003)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20192BAB206010)Scientific and Technological Project of Chongqing Education Commission(KJZD-M202000301,KJZD-K201800301)Science and Technology Program of Ganzhou city[2017]179the Youth Jinggang Scholars Program in Jiangxi Province[2018]82Key Program of Southwest University of Political Science and Law(2018XZZD-07,2019XZXS-207)Postgraduate Innovation Special Fund Project of Jiangxi Province(YC2019-S294).
文摘The demand for in-situ detection of latent fingerprints(LFPs)in ways of high sensitivity,high selectivity,high contrast,low cost and user-friendly is still urgent.To overcome this challenge,a moisture-stable,red-emitting fluoride phosphor K_(3)AlF_(6):Mn^(4+)(KAF:Mn^(4+))with an organic hydrophobic skin was prepared.The phosphor has a uniform and superfine morphology with excellent luminescence properties.More importantly,this non-ultraviolet(UV)or non-near infrared(NIR)induced phosphor was proved to be an ideal fluorescent label for LFP imaging,which is both friendly for touch DNA analysis and compatible to forensic light sources.The well-defined ridge details with little background interference on various surfaces were presented by the oleic acid(OA)modified KAF:Mn^(4+)(KAF:Mn^(4+)-OA)phosphor in few seconds using the powder dusting method.To confirm the high selectivity of KAF:Mn^(4+)-OA for LFP imaging,an efficient quantitative evaluation method is proposed with the aid of ImageJ&Origin software.Due to the superiority of the Mn^(4+)-doped fluoride for the rapid imaging of LFPs in terms of lowcost,high compatibility and good availability,it is expected to be a promising candidate for forensic science as well as fluorescence imaging in other fields instead of rare earth luminescent materials.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[grant numbers 81772022 and 81273340]the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality[grant number 15DZ1207500],[grant number KF1603],[grant number GY2017G-2],[grant numbers 17DZ2273200 and 16DZ2290900].
文摘To elucidate the toxic mechanism of snake venom at the protein level,proteomics technol-ogy was applied to investigate the effect of venom on circulation in the mammalian body.Temporal proteomic analysis was performed to profile the dynamic changes in the sera of Sprague-Dawley rats administered with Chinese cobra venom or saline.Using 8-plex iTRAQ analysis,392 and 636 serum proteins were identified to be linearly upregulated or downre-gulated over time in the low-dose group and high-dose group,respectively.These proteins were mainly associated with the acute phase response pathway,complement system,and liver X receptor(LXR)/retinoid X receptor(RXR)and farnesoid X receptor(FXR)/RXR activation pathways.Compared with the low-dose group,the immune response and integrin pathways were inhibited in the high-dose group,although no obvious effect was observed.With con-sistently higher or lower expression in the high-dose group compared to the low-dose group throughout the whole process of venom poisoning,two proteins,Kininogen-1(KNG1)and orosomucoid 1(ORM1),which are involved in metabolism and immune response,occu-pied a core position in the pathway network and are considered venom dose-dependent biomarker candidates.
基金supported by the National Sciences Founda-tion of China(NSFC)[grant numbers 81601645,81671869,81072509,81273339 and 81273335]the grant from“Liaon-ing Bai Qian Wan Talents Program”[grant number 2010921042]the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality[grant number 14DZ2270800/16DZ2290900].
文摘The purpose of this study was to measure the craniofacial region of Chinese Han people in the linear and angular dimensions,and to analyse the effects on sex,age and body parameters(height and weight).All 250 individuals(86 males,164 females)underwent a three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)scan,and the MRI data were imported into VG Studio MAX 2.2 software.Each linear and angular measurement in the craniofacial region was processed directly.Using SPSS 20.0 software,nine multiple regression equations were constructed,and all the adjusted R^(2) values were statistically significant(0.031-0.311).Multiple regression analysis showed that most craniofacial measurements of Chinese people were significantly correlated with height,weight or age.The multiple regression equations constructed will be helpful in anthropometric analysis and forensic inference.
文摘Two rare cases of long alleles at Y‑chromosome short tandem repeat(Y‑STR)loci(DYF387S1 and DYS447)were identified when two father-son pairs were analyzed by multiplex amplification.“Null alleles”were observed at DYF387S1 and DYS447,and duplicated alleles were displayed at DYS533 and DYS19.We secondly amplified DYF387S1,DYS533,DYS447,and DYS19 loci by singleplex polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and sequence analysis of the long alleles at DYF387S1 and DYS447 loci.The results showed that alleles from DYF387S1(allele 55)and DYS447(allele 41)were longer than their common sizes in the allelic ladder ranges(33-42 for DYF387S1 and 18-30 for DYS447)and located in the neighboring loci(DYS533 and DYS19,respectively).Therefore,to identify these cases involving this unusual phenomenon,not only re‑amplification using the same kit but also additional amplification(using alternative multiplex kits with different adjoining markers or additional singleplex PCR amplification)should be performed to avoid misinterpreting Y‑STR profiles.