The toxicity of nano-materials has received increasing attention in recent years. Nevertheless, relatively few studies have focused on their oceanic distributions and toxicities. In this study, we assessed nano-ZnO to...The toxicity of nano-materials has received increasing attention in recent years. Nevertheless, relatively few studies have focused on their oceanic distributions and toxicities. In this study, we assessed nano-ZnO toxicity in marine organisms using the yellowstriped goby (Mugilogobius chulae). The relative differences in nano-ZnO dissolution and dispersal in seawater and fresh water were also investigated. The effects of nano-ZnO on embryonic development, deformity, hatching, mortality, and histopathology were analyzed. In addition, the effects of the Zn2+ concentration on M. chulae hatching and mortality were compared. The results showed that nano-ZnO had higher solubility in seawater than in fresh water. Nano-ZnO significantly inhibited hatching. By the fifth day of exposure, the LC50 of nano-ZnO was 45.40 mg/L, and the mortality rate spiked. Hatching inhibition and lethality were dose-dependent over a range of 1-25 mg/L nano-ZnO. Zn2+ inhibited hatching and increased lethality, but its effects were weaker than those of nano-ZnO at the same concentrations. Nano-ZnO also induced spinal bending, oedema, hypoplasia, and other deformities in M. chulae embryos and larvae. Histopathology revealed vacuolar degeneration, hepatocyte and enterocyte enlargement, and morphological abnormalities of the vertebrae. Therefore, nano-ZnO caused malformations in M. chulae by affecting embryonic growth and development. We conclude that nano-ZnO toxicity in seawater was significantly positively correlated with the associated Zn2+ concentration and sedimentary behaviour. The toxicity of nano-ZnO was cumulative and showed a critical point, beyond which embryonic and developmental toxicity in marine fish was observed.展开更多
Echinacea purpurea modulates tumor progression,but the underlying mechanism is poorly defined.We isolated and purified a novel homogeneous polysaccharide from E.purpurea(EPPA),which was shown to be an arabinogalactan ...Echinacea purpurea modulates tumor progression,but the underlying mechanism is poorly defined.We isolated and purified a novel homogeneous polysaccharide from E.purpurea(EPPA),which was shown to be an arabinogalactan with a mean molecular mass(Mr)of 3.8×10^(4)Da and withα-(1→5)-L-Arabinan as the backbone and a-L-Araf-(1→,→6)-b-D-Galp-(1→,and →4)-α-D-GalpA-(1/as the side chains.Interestingly,oral administration of EPPA suppresses tumor progression in vivo and shapes the immune cell profile(e.g.,facilitating M1 macrophages)in tumor micro-environment by single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)analysis.展开更多
基金supported by the Science and Technology Programs of Guangdong Province(Nos.2015A020215031,2013B020600007,and 2012B050200002)supported by the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(No.2015BAI09B05)
文摘The toxicity of nano-materials has received increasing attention in recent years. Nevertheless, relatively few studies have focused on their oceanic distributions and toxicities. In this study, we assessed nano-ZnO toxicity in marine organisms using the yellowstriped goby (Mugilogobius chulae). The relative differences in nano-ZnO dissolution and dispersal in seawater and fresh water were also investigated. The effects of nano-ZnO on embryonic development, deformity, hatching, mortality, and histopathology were analyzed. In addition, the effects of the Zn2+ concentration on M. chulae hatching and mortality were compared. The results showed that nano-ZnO had higher solubility in seawater than in fresh water. Nano-ZnO significantly inhibited hatching. By the fifth day of exposure, the LC50 of nano-ZnO was 45.40 mg/L, and the mortality rate spiked. Hatching inhibition and lethality were dose-dependent over a range of 1-25 mg/L nano-ZnO. Zn2+ inhibited hatching and increased lethality, but its effects were weaker than those of nano-ZnO at the same concentrations. Nano-ZnO also induced spinal bending, oedema, hypoplasia, and other deformities in M. chulae embryos and larvae. Histopathology revealed vacuolar degeneration, hepatocyte and enterocyte enlargement, and morphological abnormalities of the vertebrae. Therefore, nano-ZnO caused malformations in M. chulae by affecting embryonic growth and development. We conclude that nano-ZnO toxicity in seawater was significantly positively correlated with the associated Zn2+ concentration and sedimentary behaviour. The toxicity of nano-ZnO was cumulative and showed a critical point, beyond which embryonic and developmental toxicity in marine fish was observed.
基金supported by Key Realm R&D Program of Guangdong Province(2020B020221001)the Open Competition Program of Ten Major Directions of Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation for the 14th Five-Year Plan of Guangdong Province(2022SDZG07)+1 种基金Chinese Academy of Science Key Project(QYZDY-SSW-SMC008)National Natural Science Foundation of China grants(32225047,31922079,32130099).
文摘Echinacea purpurea modulates tumor progression,but the underlying mechanism is poorly defined.We isolated and purified a novel homogeneous polysaccharide from E.purpurea(EPPA),which was shown to be an arabinogalactan with a mean molecular mass(Mr)of 3.8×10^(4)Da and withα-(1→5)-L-Arabinan as the backbone and a-L-Araf-(1→,→6)-b-D-Galp-(1→,and →4)-α-D-GalpA-(1/as the side chains.Interestingly,oral administration of EPPA suppresses tumor progression in vivo and shapes the immune cell profile(e.g.,facilitating M1 macrophages)in tumor micro-environment by single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)analysis.