Effect of long reaction distance on gas composition from organic-rich shale pyrolysis under high-temperature steam environment

When high-temperature steam is used as a medium to pyrolyze organic-rich shale,water steam not only acts as heat transfer but also participates in the chemical reaction of organic matter pyrolysis,thus affecting the generation law and release characteristics of gas products.In this study,based on a long-distance reaction system of organic-rich shale pyrolysis via steam injection,the effects of steam temperature and reaction distance on gas product composition are analyzed in depth and compared with other pyrolysis processes.The advantages of organic-rich shale pyrolysis via steam injection are then evaluated.The volume concentration of hydrogen in the gas product obtained via the steam injection pyrolysis of organic-rich shale is the highest,which is more than 60%.The hydrogen content increases as the reaction distance is extended;however,the rate of increase changes gradually.Increasing the reaction distance from 800 to 4000 mm increases the hydrogen content from 34.91%to 69.68%and from 63.13%to 78.61%when the steam temperature is 500°C and 555°C,respectively.However,the higher the heat injection temperature,the smaller the reaction distance required to form a high concentration hydrogen pyrolysis environment(hydrogen concentration>60%).When the steam pyrolysis temperature is increased from 500°C to 555°C,the reaction distance required to form a high concentration of hydrogen is reduced from 3800 to 800 mm.Compared with the direct retorting process,the volume concentration of hydrogen obtained from high-temperature steam pyrolysis of organic-rich shale is 8.82 and 10.72 times that of the commonly used Fushun and Kivite furnaces,respectively.The pyrolysis of organic-rich shale via steam injection is a pyrolysis process in a hydrogen-rich environment.

低围压条件下无烟煤三轴蠕变特性试验研究

旧采遗留煤柱的蠕变特性直接影响井下工程的长期稳定性,小煤柱边界及内部弹性核区的应力环境一般为低围压三向应力状态。为了研究山西沁水煤田3#无烟煤柱的蠕变特性及长期稳定性,进行了4种低围压(0.5、1.0、1.5和2.0 MPa)状态的常规三轴压缩和三轴蠕变试验,探索了不同围压条件下无烟煤的蠕变规律,并基于试验数据建立了能较好地描述各蠕变阶段的非线性黏弹塑性蠕变模型。试验研究结果表明:1)轴向应力大于屈服应力时,无烟煤的蠕变经历三个阶段:即初始蠕变、稳定蠕变和加速蠕变阶段;2)无烟煤试样的瞬时弹性应变与轴向应力水平大致呈线性增长关系,且围压越小,其瞬时弹性应变随轴向应力水平的增长速率越快;3)与瞬时强度相比,无烟煤的长期强度降低20%;蠕变特性降低了无烟煤的强度参数,与短期抗剪强度相比,其内摩擦角和内聚力分别降低了8%和14%。