Preparation of Hydroxyapatite-titanium Dioxide Coating on Ti6Al4V Substrates using Hydrothermal-electrochemical Method

Ti6Al4V substrates were anodized in a 0.5 mol/L H_2SO_4 solution at applied voltages of 90-140 V.A hydroxyapatite-titanium oxide(HA-TiO2)coating was then deposited on the anodized Ti6Al4 V substrates via a hydrothermal-electrochemicalmethod at a constant current.The obtained films and coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy,and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry.The microstructures of the porous films on the Ti6Al4 V substrates were studied to investigate the effect of the anodizing voltage on the phase and morphology of the HATiO_2 coating.The results indicated that both the phase composition and the morphology of the coatings were significantly influenced by changes in the anodizing voltage.HA-TiO_2 was directly precipitated onto the surface of the substrate when the applied voltage was between 110 and 140 V.The coatings had a gradient structure and the HA exhibited both needle-like and cotton-like structures.The amount of cotton-like HA structures decreased with an increase in voltage from 90 to 120 V,and then increased slightly when the voltage was higher than 120 V.The orientation index of the(002)plane of the coating was at a minimum when the Ti6Al4 V substrate was pretreated at 120 V.

Crystallization characteristics of Ni-W-P composite coatings reinforced by CeO_2 and SiO_2 nano-particles

Ni-W-P composite coatings reinforced by Ce O2 and Si O2 nano-particles on the surface of common carbon steels, were prepared by double pulse electrodeposition. The crystallization course was characterized by phase structures, crystallinity, grain sizes and microstructures. The results indicate that as-deposited composite coating is amorphous. Whereas it turns into the crystalline structure with 98.25% crystallinity, and Ni3 P, Ni2 P and Ni5P2 alloy phases precipitate from structures at 400 °C. Thereafter, Ni2 P and Ni5P2 metastable alloy phases turn into Ni3 P stable alloy phase at 500 °C. The crystallization course of the composite coating has finished when being heat-treated at 700 °C. The average sizes of Ni grains increase with the rise of heat treatment temperature from400 °C to 700 °C. Ce O2 and Si O2 nano-particles deposited into Ni-W-P alloys can delay the crystallization course and habit the growth of alloy phases.

Influence of SiO_2 nano-particles on microstructures and properties of Ni-W-P/CeO_2-SiO_2 composites prepared by pulse electrodeposition

Ni-W-P base composites containing CeO2 and SiO2 nano-particles were prepared on common carbon steel surface by pulse co-deposition of Ni,W,P,CeO2 and SiO2 nano-particles.The influence of SiO2 concentrations in bath on microstructures and properties of Ni-W-P/CeO2-SiO2 composites was studied,and the characteristics were assessed by chemical compositions,element distribution,surface morphologies,deposition rate and microhardness.The results indicate that when SiO2 concentration in bath is controlled at 20 g/L,the composites possess the fastest deposition rate,the highest microhardness,compact microstructures,smaller crystallite sizes and uniform distribution of W,P,Ce and Si within Ni-W-P matrix metal.Increasing SiO2 concentration in bath from 10 to 20 g/L leads to the refinement in grain size and the inhomogeneity of microstructures.While when SiO2 concentration is increased to 30 g/L,the crystallite sizes increase again and some bosses with nodulation shape appear on the surface of composites.

Double SiC Oxidation Protective Coating on C/C Composites Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering

Easy oxidation of carbon limits applications of carbon-carbon composites in an oxygen-containing environment. In this study, a two-layer SiC coating was prepared on carbon-carbon composites by a Spark plasma sintering technology at 1350°C for 1 min. The coating was mainly composed of β-SiC and Si and well bonded with the substrate. The double SiC coating could effectively protect the C/C composites from oxidation at 1600°C for 120 h, and the corresponding weight loss was only 2.62%.

Probe into deposition mechanism of double pulse electrodepositing Ni-W-P matrix composite coatings containing CeO_2 and SiO_2 nano-particles

Ni-W-P matrix composite coatings reinforced by CeO2 and SiO2 nano-particles were prepared on common carbon steel surface by double pulse electrodeposition and the deposition mechanism was discussed.The results showed that the composite coatings with amorphous structure were obtained as-deposited.The initial growth behavior had alternatives and the nucleation was inhomogeneous because of obvious composition fluctuation.With the pulse deposition time increasing,some pearlite microstructures of the substrate were covered by some deposits and the composition fluctuation disappeared.Forward pulse currents promoted to form a great number of atomic beams composed of Ni,W and P atoms or CeO2 and SiO2 nano-particles as the core,which inhabited the growth of atomic beams.Reverse pulse currents eliminated concentration polarization and dissolved some surface boss of atomic beams.The solution of W and P atoms within Ni grains and embedding of CeO2 and SiO2 nano-particles within Ni-W-P matrix metal made atomic arrangement disordered.Finally,the atomic beams grew to amorphous small particles.

Cobalt Sulfide Confined in N-Doped Porous Branched Carbon Nanotubes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs) are considered new generation of large-scale energy-storage devices.However,LIBs suffer from a lack of desirable anode materials with excellent specific capacity and cycling stability.In this work,we design a novel hierarchical structure constructed by encapsulating cobalt sulfide nanowires within nitrogen-doped porous branched carbon nanotubes(NBNTs)for LIBs.The unique hierarchical Co9S8@NBNT electrode displayed a reversible specific capacity of 1310 mAhg-1 at a current density of 0.1 Ag-1,and was able to maintain a stable reversible discharge capacity of 1109 mAhg-1 at a current density of 0.5 Ag-1 with coulombic efficiency reaching almost 100% for 200 cycles.The excellent rate and cycling capabilities can be ascribed to the hierarchical porosity of the one-dimensional Co9S8@NBNT internetworks,the incorporation of nitrogen doping,and the carbon nanotube confinement of the active cobalt sulfide nanowires offering a proximate electron pathway for the isolated nanoparticles and shielding of the cobalt sulfide nanowires from pulverization over long cycling periods.

An in vivo study on the effect of coating stability on osteointegration performance of collagen/hyaluronic acid multilayer modified titanium implants

Aseptic loosening of implant is one of the main causes of Ti-based implant failure.In our previous work,a novel stable collagen/hyaluronic acid(Col/HA)multilayer modified titanium coatings(TCs)was developed by layer-by-layer(LBL)covalent immobilization technique,which showed enhanced biological properties compared with TCs that were physically absorbed with Col/HA multilayer in vitro.In this study,a rabbit model with femur condyle defect was employed to compare the osteointegration performance of them.Results indicated that Col/HA multilayer with favourable stability could better facilitate osteogenesis around implants and bone-implant contact.The Col/HA multilayer covalentimmobilized TC may reduce aseptic loosening of implant.

Effect of microstructure evolution and crystal structure on thermal properties for plasma-sprayed RE_(2)SiO_(5)(RE=Gd,Y,Er)environmental barrier coatings

In this work,the microstructure evolution,thermal expansion,thermal conductivity,and thermal shock resistance properties of the plasma-sprayed Xl-Gd_(2)SiO_(5),X2-Y_(2)SiO_(5),and X2-Er_(2)SiO_(5)coatings were evaluated and compared by experimental measurement and theoretical exploration.Results showed that significant microstructure evolution such as crystallization of amorphous phase,grain growth,and defects reduction was observed in the RE_(2)SiO_(5)coatings after thermal aging at 1400℃.The Xl-Gd_(2)SiO_(5)coating exhibited higher CTE values than the X2-Y_(2)SiO_(5)and X2-Er_(2)SiO_(5)coatings,which was related to their crystal structure.The thermal conductivity of thermal-aged RE_(2)SiO_(5)coating was much higher than that of the as-sprayed RE_(2)SiO_(5)coating,and thermal conductivity was determined not only by crystal structure but also mainly by the microstructure of the coatings.The X2-Y_(2)SiO_(5)and X2-Er_(2)SiO_(5)coatings with lower thermal mismatch stre s ses presented much better thermal shock resistance than the X1-Gd_(2)SiO_(5)coating.

Preparation and performance evaluation of Er_2O_3 coating-type selective emitter

An Er2O3coating-type selective emitter for themophotovoltaic application was prepared by plasma spray technology.The test results show that plasma spray technology could be used to prepare the Er2O3coating-type selective emitter with good stability at 1400°C.Based on the measurements of the high temperature normal spectral emissivity and the spectral hemispherical emissivity of the samples at room temperature,the influence of the coating thickness was discussed,and the selective emission performance of the sample was evaluated using radiative efficiency as the criterion.The results demonstrate that the emission of substrate could not be neglected unless the coating thickness would be larger than the penetration depth,which is around100μm.The selective emission peak of the Er2O3coating occurs at 1550 nm,matching well with the GaSb cells.However,the radiative efficiency is not larger than that of the SiC emitter,because the non-convertible emission of 1.725–5 m accounts for a large proportion of the total radiation power,especially at high temperature.Effective suppression of this band emission is essential to the improvement of the radiation efficiency of the emitter.

ZnO Films on Transferable and Low Thermal Resistance Graphite Substrate Grown by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis

ZnO thin films were deposited on graphite substrates by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method with Zn(CH 3 COO) 2 ·2H 2 O aqueous solution as precursor. The crystalline structure, morphology, and optical properties of the as-grown ZnO films were investigated systematically as a function of deposition temperature and growth time. Near-band edge ultraviolet(UV) emission was observed in room temperature photoluminescence spectra for the optimized samples, yet the usually observed defect related deep level emissions were nearly undetectable, indicating that high optical quality ZnO thin fi lms could be achieved via this ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method. Considering the features of transferable and low thermal resistance of the graphite substrates, the achievement will be of special interest for the development of high-power semiconductor devices with suffi cient power durability.

Influence of average radii of RE3+ ions on phase structures and thermal expansion coefficients of high-entropy pyrosilicates

High-entropy pyrosilicate element selection is relatively blind, and the thermal expansion coefficient (CTE) of traditional β-type pyrosilicate is not adjustable, making it difficult to meet the requirements of various types of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). The following study aimed to develop a universal rule for high-entropy pyrosilicate element selection and to achieve directional control of the thermal expansion coefficient of high-entropy pyrosilicate. The current study investigates a high-entropy design method for obtaining pyrosilicates with stable β-phase and γ-phase by introducing various rare-earth (RE) cations. The solid-phase method was used to create 12 different types of high-entropy pyrosilicates with 4–6 components. The high-entropy pyrosilicates gradually transformed from β-phase to γ-phase with an increase in the average radius of RE^(3+) ions ( r¯(RE^(3+))). The nine pyrosilicates with a small r¯(RE^(3+)) preserve β-phase or γ-phase stability at room temperature to the maximum of 1400 ℃. The intrinsic relationship between the thermal expansion coefficient, phase structure, and RE–O bond length has also been found. This study provides the theoretical background for designing high-entropy pyrosilicates from the perspective of r¯(RE^(3+)). The theoretical guidance makes it easier to synthesize high-entropy pyrosilicates with stable β-phase or γ-phase for the use in environmental barrier coatings (EBCs). The thermal expansion coefficient of γ-type high-entropy pyrosilicate can be altered through component design to match various types of CMCs.

Orderedisorder transition and thermal conductivities of the(NdSmEuGd)_((1-x)/2)Dy_(2x)Zr_(2)O_(7)series

Rare-earth zirconates with pyrochlore and fluorite structures have recently been identified as promising thermal barrier coating materials owing to their low thermal conductivities.In this study,six samples with the general formula(NdSmEuGd)_((1-x)/2)Dy_(2x)Zr_(2)O_(7)were synthesized to further reduce the thermal conductivity.X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy showed that the transition from an ordered pyrochlore to a disordered fluorite structure is due to cation and anion disorder.Transmission electron microscopy showed that anion disorder occurred before cation disorder.A modified mass disorder parameter was introduced into this system,which can describe the change in thermal conductivity well.This parameter can be a basis for designing more complex materials with lower thermal conductivities.

Study on characteristics of Ni-W-B composites containing CeO_2 nano-particles prepared by pulse electrodeposition

Ni-W-B composites containing CeO2 nano-particles on the surface of 45 steel were prepared by pulse electrodeposition,and the in-fluence of pulse frequency,pulse duty circle and heat treatment temperature on the structures and properties were investigated.The results in-dicated that the pulse co-deposition of Ni,W,B and CeO2 nano-particles led to Ni-W-B/CeO2 composites possessing higher microhardness and better wear resistance when heat-treated at 400 oC for 1 h.The microhardness of 636 HV and the deposition rate of 0.0281 mm/h of the as-deposited alloy were the highest at pulse frequency of 1000 Hz,pulse duty circle of 10% and pulse average current density of 10 A/dm2.The composites were mainly in the amorphous state and were partially crystallized as-deposited,and the crystallization trend was strength-ened when heat-treated at 400 oC.Decreasing pulse duty cycle from 75% to 10% was favorable to the refinement in grain structures and im-provement of microstructures.The crystal sizes of the composites were smaller by means of pulse electrodeposition.

Effect of TMGa flux on GaN films deposited on Ti coated on glass substrates at low temperature

Highly c-axis-oriented GaN films were deposited on Ti coated glass substrates using low temperature electron cyclotron resonance plasma enhanced metal organic chemical vapor deposition system(ECR-PEMOCVD)with trimethyl gallium(TMGa)as gallium source.The influence of TMGa flux on the properties of GaN films were systematically investigated by reflection high energy electron diffraction(RHEED),X-ray diffraction analysis(XRD),atomic force microscopy(AFM)and Raman scattering.The GaN film with small surface roughness and high c-axis preferred orientation was successfully achieved at the optimized TMGa flux of 1.0 sccm.The ohmic contact characteristic between GaN and Ti layer was clearly demonstrated by the near-linear current-voltage(I-V)curve.The GaN/Ti/glass structure has great potential to dramatically improve the scalability and reduce the cost of solid-state lighting light emitting diodes.

Entropy-driven phase regulation of high-entropy transition metal oxide and its enhanced high-temperature microwave absorption by in-situ dual phases

High-temperature microwave absorbers are significant for military equipment which experiences severe aerodynamic heat.In this work,high-entropy oxide(HEO)(FexCoNiCrMn)mOn with excellent high-temperature microwave absorption is studied.Driven by the effect of entropy,the composition of the oxide can be transformed from spinel-type phase(FexCoNiCrMn)_(3)O_(4) to corundum-type phase(FexCoNiCrMn)2O3 with the increasing content of iron.Only spinel-type or corundum-type structure composes the oxide when x≤3 or x≥5.But in-situ dual phases can coexist when x equals 4 during phase transition.Interestingly,obliged to abundant heterogeneous interfaces and crystal defects in the dual-phase HEO,magnetic property,dielectric polarization,and microwave loss ability are all well enhanced.The Smith chart analysis demonstrates the impedance matching condition is well improved due to the enhanced loss ability.These findings pave a new way for the adjustment of electromagnetic properties of HEO by entropy-driven phase regulation.Meanwhile,the dual-phase absorber can achieve better than 90%absorption in 9.6-12.4 GHz at 800℃ with a thickness of 2.6 mm,a low thermal diffusivity of 0.0038 cm^(2)/s at 900℃,and excellent high-temperature stability,which indicates it’s promising as a high-temperature microwave absorber.

Radiation induced color centers in cerium-doped and cerium-free multicomponent silicate glasses

The effect of doped cerium on the radiation-resistance behavior of silicate glass was investigated in our work. The ultraviolet-visible absorption spectra and electron paramagnetic resonance(EPR) spectra were obtained after the cerium-rich and cerium-free multicomponent silicate glasses(K509 and K9) were irradiated by gamma rays with a dose range from 10 to 1000 kGy. The results showed that E' center, oxygen deficient center(ODC) and non-bridging oxygen hole center(HC1 and HC2) were induced in K9 and K509 glasses after radiation. The concentrations of all color centers presented an exponential growth with the increase of the gamma dose. Moreover, the concentration of HC1 and HC2 in cerium-doped K509 glass was much lower than that in cerium-free K9 glass at the same dose of radiation, which could be attributed to the following mechanism: Ce3+ ions capturing holes then forming Ce3++ centers inhibited the formation of hole trapped color centers(HC1 and HC2) and Ce4+ ions capturing electrons to form Ce3+ centers suppressed the formation of electron trapped color centers like E' center.

Crystallographically-Oriented Nanoassembly by ZnS Tricrystals and Subsequent Three-Dimensional Epitaxy

Chemistry gives us the ability to manipulate atoms and molecules into nanometer and micrometer scale building blocks,while the science of crystallography is concerned with the spatial arrangement of atoms,ions,and molecules and thus the morphology and structures of materials.Complex three-dimensional ZnS nanostructures have been fabricated via step-by-step crystallographically-controlled chemical processes.Tricrystals of ZnS whiskers were prepared via a controlled thermal evaporation process,and then the tricrystals were thermally treated in an atmosphere formed by evaporating B N O precursors into N2/NH3 to afford BN-coated arrays of nanobranches.The ZnS nanobranches grew epitaxially on the ternary facets and extended in three[0001]directions forming ordered nanostructures.Meanwhile,the protecting insulating sheath of BN formed on the ZnS nanostructures confined the growth of the nanospines and enhanced their stability.The method may be extended to fabricate other semiconductor nanomaterials with novel structures.