Effects of Arecoline Hydrobromide on Taeniasis and Cysticercosis in Domestic Animals

Taeniasis and cysticercosis in domestic animals belong to zoonosis and seriously threaten the public health security. Especially the cysticercosis and echinococcosis caused by the tapeworm eggs have great harms to bodies because they can attack many organs of body. According to the combination of experimental results and literature materials, the morphology and transmission mode of taenia and cysticercus, the prevalence status and monitoring of taeniasis and cysticercosis as well as the antitapeworm mechanism, comparative analysis to other drugs, expelling tapeworm tests in vitro, dose determining tests and usage notes of arecoline hydrobromide were expounded in detail. It provides a theoretical basis for prevention of taeniasis and cysticarcosis and more scientific usage of arecoline hydrobromide and thus relieves the harms of taeniasis and cysticercosis and ensuring the public health security.

In vivo Inhibition of NAS Preparation on H9N2 Subtype AIV

NAS preparation, a kind of Chinese herbal medicine found by the Yunnan Eco-agricultural Research Institute, has potential antiviral activity. In this paper, the inhibiting effect of NAS preparation on H9N2 subtype Avian influenza virus (AIV) was investigated in vivo. Chickens infected with H9N2 virus were treated with NAS preparation for 4 days. The virus was then detected by hemoagglutination (HA) test and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The results showed that no H9N2 virus could be detected at the 7th day when the chickens were treated with 0.2g/kg/d or 0.1g/kg/d of NAS preparation. However the virus could be detected in other chickens without NAS preparation treatment. This result suggested that NAS preparation may be a potential drug candidate to control infection of H9N2 subtype AIV in chickens.

Effect of the Extract from Hypericum perforatum on Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus(HPAIV)

[Objective] The aim was to study the effects of the extract from Hypericum perforatum on highly pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus(HPAIV)in vivo.[Method] Chickens infected with H5N1 virus were treated with the extract from H.perforatum for 4 d.The virus was then detected by hemoagglutination(HA)test and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).[Result] No H5N1 virus could be detected at the 7th d when the chickens were treated with 0.2 or 0.1 g/(kg·d)of the extract from H.perforatum.However,the virus could be detected in other chickens without the extract from HPE treatment.[Conclusion] The extract from H.perforatum might be a potential drug candidate to control infection of H5N1 subtype AIV in chickens.

K-PD Model and Its Application in Research of Veterinary Antimicrobials

With the development of the PK-PD model,its application in veterinary antimicrobials has also received great attention.This paper expounded the theory of PK-PD model,and made a brief analysis of the dosing regimens of various antibiotics according to the parameters of antimicrobial drugs,in order to optimize the clinical drug delivery plan and promote the rational use of clinical antibiotics.

Security of a Novel Antitapeworm Drug:Arecoline Hydrobromide

[Objective] To make an objective evaluation about security of a new veterinary drug-arecoline hydrobromide according to the research results and papers in recent years and supply science basis for clinical usage. [ Method] The security of arecoline hydrobromide was evaluated based on acute toxicity tests; the ranges of safe medication, tolerability and toxicity as well as ＂Three-induced＇ effects （carcinogensis, mutagene- sis and teratogenesis） and reproductive toxicity were summarized according to the combinations of experimental results, papers and clinical effects. E Result] The results of acute toxicity tests in mice and rats showed that LD^0 （50% lethal dosages） of arecoline hydrobromide in mice was 691.83 mg/（kg.BW） and 95% incredible range of its LDso was 642.92 -744.47 mg/（ kg. BW）, and LDso of arecoline hydrobromide in rats was 2 054 mg/（kg.BW） and 95% incredible range of its LDso was 1 908 -2 210 mg/（kg.BW）. Its LDso value was hundreds times higher than the recommen- ded clinical dosage [ 1 -5 mg/（kg-BW） ], therefore it is safe to apply in clinic. The research results of ranges of safe medication, tolerability and toxicity showed that arecoline hydrobromide could entirely dispel the dog Diphyllobothrium, Spirometra mansoni, Dipylidium mesocestoides, Linea- tus and Cysticercus at dosages of 2 -3 mg/（ kg.BW）, and the same effects to Railletina tapeworm of chickens and Drepanidotaenia lanceolata of duck and goose at dosages of I -2 mg/（kg.BW）. The arecoline hydrobromide had muscarinic effects as side-effects and could cause vomiting, di- arrhea and other clinical symptoms to discharge the paralyzed worm from livestock body rapidly and completely. The arecoline hydrobromide had ＂Three-induced＂ effects and reproductive toxicity when it was used as antitapeworm drug with long-term, sustained and a large number of drug us- age, rather than used in clinical application with shorter time and lower dosage of administration. [ Conclusion] The arecoline hydrobromide is low- toxic substance and has a certain of toxicity such as ＂Three-induced＂ effects and reproductive toxicity at high-dosages application, and there are good effects on livestock and poultry tapeworm at the clinical recommended dosacles without ＂Three-induced＂ effects and reproductive toxicity.