New types of light-emitting diode (LED) sources were applied to irradiate Botrytis cinerea mycelium and tomato leaves that were inoculated with B. cinerea to assess the effect of different LED light wavelengths on t...New types of light-emitting diode (LED) sources were applied to irradiate Botrytis cinerea mycelium and tomato leaves that were inoculated with B. cinerea to assess the effect of different LED light wavelengths on the infection of tomato with B. cinerea, to determine the optimum light wavelengths to control B. cinerea, and to explore the mechanism of LED influ- ence on the development of gray mold. The results showed that purple light and blue light irradiation significantly inhibited the growth of B. cinerea mycelium, and the inhibition rates were 22.3 and 15.16%, respectively, and purple light exhibited a better inhibitory effect than blue light. The lesion development of B. cinerea on tomato leaves was significantly inhibited upon irradiation with red and purple light with inhibition rates of 32.08 and 36.74%, respectively. Irradiation with red light inhibited the oxidative burst of superoxide anion (O2-) that was caused by infection with B. cinerea, and red light regulated the H2O2 content in the tomato leaf, which increased and rapidly returned to a lower level. In addition, red light irradiation improved the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in tomato leaves. However, purple light irradiation did not make tomato leaves exhibit this kind of physiological response. Therefore, red light and purple light can suppress gray mold in tomatoes, but the disease suppression mechanisms of these two types of LED light are different. In general, red light suppresses gray mold primarily by regulating the tomato defense mechanism for disease, whereas the suppression of tomato gray mold by purple light can be partially explained by the photo-inhibition of B. cinerea.展开更多
Dormancy regulation is the basis of the sustainable development of the lily industry.Therefore,basic research on lily dormancy is crucial for innovation in lily cultivation and breeding.Previous studies revealed that ...Dormancy regulation is the basis of the sustainable development of the lily industry.Therefore,basic research on lily dormancy is crucial for innovation in lily cultivation and breeding.Previous studies revealed that dormancy release largely depends on abscisic acid(ABA)degradation.However,the key genes and potential regulatory network remain unclear.We used exogenous ABA and ABA inhibitors to elucidate the effect of ABA on lily dormancy.Based on the results of weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA),the hub gene LdXERICO was identified in modules highly related to endogenous ABA,and a large number of coexpressed genes were identified.LdXERICO was induced by exogenous ABA and expressed at higher levels in tissues with vigorous physiological activity.Silencing LdXERICO increased the low-temperature sensitivity of bulblets and accelerated bulblet sprouting.LdXERICO rescued the ABA insensitivity of xerico mutants during seed germination in Arabidopsis,suggesting that it promotes seed dormancy and supporting overexpression studies on lily bulblets.The significant increase in ABA levels in transgenic Arabidopsis expressing LdXERICO indicated that LdXERICO played a role by promoting ABA synthesis.We generated three transgenic lines by overexpressing LdICE1 in Arabidopsis thaliana and showed that,in contrast to LdXERICO,LdICE1 positively regulated dormancy release.Finally,qRT-PCR confirmed that LdXERICO was epistatic to LdICE1 for dormancy release.We propose that LdXERICO,an essential gene in dormancy regulation through the ABA-related pathway,has a complex regulatory network involving temperature signals.This study provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the mechanism of bulb dormancy release.展开更多
The flesh color of oriental melons is an important commercial trait that affects consumer preferences.To explore the mechanisms underlying the flesh color formation and regulation during fruit ripening,carotenoid-targ...The flesh color of oriental melons is an important commercial trait that affects consumer preferences.To explore the mechanisms underlying the flesh color formation and regulation during fruit ripening,carotenoid-targeted metabolomic and RNA-seq analysis were conducted between white-fleshed(WF) and orange-fleshed(OF) oriental melon cultivars at different stages.The carotenoid-targeted metabolomic analysis indicated that β-carotene was the major metabolite that caused differences in flesh color between the two cultivars.Additionally,through KEGG pathway enrichment and weighted gene co-expression network(WGCNA) analysis,metabolic pathways and related transcription factors that are associated with carotenoid metabolism were selected and transcriptome data was verified using RT-qPCR.Finally,the yeast one hybrid and luciferase activity showed that the transcription factor CmWRKY49 could directly bind to the CmPSY1 promoter to activate its expression in the ’OF’ cultivar.Transient overexpression of CmWRKY49 in ’OF’ cultivar increased the β-carotene content,while the β-carotene content decreased when it was silenced in the same cultivar.This study provides insights into the underlying regulatory network of carotenoid metabolism in oriental melon fruit.展开更多
Sugars,especially glucose and fructose,contribute to the taste and quality of tomato fruits.These compounds are translocated from the leaves to the fruits and then unloaded into the fruits by various sugar transporter...Sugars,especially glucose and fructose,contribute to the taste and quality of tomato fruits.These compounds are translocated from the leaves to the fruits and then unloaded into the fruits by various sugar transporters at the plasma membrane.SWEETs,are sugar transporters that regulate sugar efflux independently of energy or pH.To date,the role of SWEETs in tomato has received very little attention.In this study,we performed functional analysis of SlSWEET7a and SlSWEET14 to gain insight into the regulation of sugar transport and storage in tomato fruits.SlSWEET7a and SlSWEET14 were mainly expressed in peduncles,vascular bundles,and seeds.Both SlSWEET7a and SlSWEET14 are plasma membrane-localized proteins that transport fructose,glucose,and sucrose.Apart from the resulting increase in mature fruit sugar content,silencing SlSWEET7a or SlSWEET14 resulted in taller plants and larger fruits(in SlSWEET7a-silenced lines).We also found that invertase activity and gene expression of some SlSWEET members increased,which was consistent with the increased availability of sucrose and hexose in the fruits.Overall,our results demonstrate that suppressing SlSWEET7a and SlSWEET14 could be a potential strategy for enhancing the sugar content of tomato fruits.展开更多
Melatonin regulates lily bulblet development;however,the key interactions have not yet been determined.In this study,we found that adding 20μM melatonin to the growth medium increased the bulblet circumference and th...Melatonin regulates lily bulblet development;however,the key interactions have not yet been determined.In this study,we found that adding 20μM melatonin to the growth medium increased the bulblet circumference and the trehalose and starch content.Moreover,the expression of numerous genes involved in cell proliferation and carbohydrate accumulation were upregulated.Further analysis showed that melatonin downregulated the expression of LoRAV and upregulated the expression of LoBPM3 at an early stage.Cloning and bioinformatics analysis showed that LoRAV is 1056 bp in length and encodes a protein with two structural domains,namely,AP2 and B3;the encoded protein is localized to the nucleus and has no self-activation activity,and this protein interacts with LoBPM3.The expression of LoTCP4 and LoAMY was upregulated,while the expression of LoAGPase,LoCYCB2-1,and LoPCNA was inhibited when LoRAV was transiently overexpressed.However,the trends in the expression of the genes mentioned above,except LoAGPase and LoAMY,were reversed when LoRAV-OE was treated with melatonin.Interestingly,the expression of LoRAV,LoTCP4 and LoAMY was inhibited,and the expression of LoCYCB2-1 was upregulated by transient overexpression of LoBPM3,but the expression of LoBPM3 was not regulated by LoRAV overexpression.Based on these data,we suggest that melatonin promoted bulb development,which was partly associated with regulation of the LoBPM3-LoRAV module;thus,LoRAV negatively regulates cell proliferation of bulblets,and LoBPM3 is located upstream of LoRAV and attenuates its expression.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31000921)the Scientific Research Foundation for Returned Overseas Chinese Scholars
文摘New types of light-emitting diode (LED) sources were applied to irradiate Botrytis cinerea mycelium and tomato leaves that were inoculated with B. cinerea to assess the effect of different LED light wavelengths on the infection of tomato with B. cinerea, to determine the optimum light wavelengths to control B. cinerea, and to explore the mechanism of LED influ- ence on the development of gray mold. The results showed that purple light and blue light irradiation significantly inhibited the growth of B. cinerea mycelium, and the inhibition rates were 22.3 and 15.16%, respectively, and purple light exhibited a better inhibitory effect than blue light. The lesion development of B. cinerea on tomato leaves was significantly inhibited upon irradiation with red and purple light with inhibition rates of 32.08 and 36.74%, respectively. Irradiation with red light inhibited the oxidative burst of superoxide anion (O2-) that was caused by infection with B. cinerea, and red light regulated the H2O2 content in the tomato leaf, which increased and rapidly returned to a lower level. In addition, red light irradiation improved the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in tomato leaves. However, purple light irradiation did not make tomato leaves exhibit this kind of physiological response. Therefore, red light and purple light can suppress gray mold in tomatoes, but the disease suppression mechanisms of these two types of LED light are different. In general, red light suppresses gray mold primarily by regulating the tomato defense mechanism for disease, whereas the suppression of tomato gray mold by purple light can be partially explained by the photo-inhibition of B. cinerea.
基金financed by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD1000407)LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program(XLYC2002052)+1 种基金Shenyang Innovation Program of Seed Industry(21-110-3-12)the earmarked fund for CARS(CARS-23).
文摘Dormancy regulation is the basis of the sustainable development of the lily industry.Therefore,basic research on lily dormancy is crucial for innovation in lily cultivation and breeding.Previous studies revealed that dormancy release largely depends on abscisic acid(ABA)degradation.However,the key genes and potential regulatory network remain unclear.We used exogenous ABA and ABA inhibitors to elucidate the effect of ABA on lily dormancy.Based on the results of weighted gene coexpression network analysis(WGCNA),the hub gene LdXERICO was identified in modules highly related to endogenous ABA,and a large number of coexpressed genes were identified.LdXERICO was induced by exogenous ABA and expressed at higher levels in tissues with vigorous physiological activity.Silencing LdXERICO increased the low-temperature sensitivity of bulblets and accelerated bulblet sprouting.LdXERICO rescued the ABA insensitivity of xerico mutants during seed germination in Arabidopsis,suggesting that it promotes seed dormancy and supporting overexpression studies on lily bulblets.The significant increase in ABA levels in transgenic Arabidopsis expressing LdXERICO indicated that LdXERICO played a role by promoting ABA synthesis.We generated three transgenic lines by overexpressing LdICE1 in Arabidopsis thaliana and showed that,in contrast to LdXERICO,LdICE1 positively regulated dormancy release.Finally,qRT-PCR confirmed that LdXERICO was epistatic to LdICE1 for dormancy release.We propose that LdXERICO,an essential gene in dormancy regulation through the ABA-related pathway,has a complex regulatory network involving temperature signals.This study provides a theoretical basis for further exploring the mechanism of bulb dormancy release.
基金supported by China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA(Grant No.CARS-25).
文摘The flesh color of oriental melons is an important commercial trait that affects consumer preferences.To explore the mechanisms underlying the flesh color formation and regulation during fruit ripening,carotenoid-targeted metabolomic and RNA-seq analysis were conducted between white-fleshed(WF) and orange-fleshed(OF) oriental melon cultivars at different stages.The carotenoid-targeted metabolomic analysis indicated that β-carotene was the major metabolite that caused differences in flesh color between the two cultivars.Additionally,through KEGG pathway enrichment and weighted gene co-expression network(WGCNA) analysis,metabolic pathways and related transcription factors that are associated with carotenoid metabolism were selected and transcriptome data was verified using RT-qPCR.Finally,the yeast one hybrid and luciferase activity showed that the transcription factor CmWRKY49 could directly bind to the CmPSY1 promoter to activate its expression in the ’OF’ cultivar.Transient overexpression of CmWRKY49 in ’OF’ cultivar increased the β-carotene content,while the β-carotene content decreased when it was silenced in the same cultivar.This study provides insights into the underlying regulatory network of carotenoid metabolism in oriental melon fruit.
基金This research was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2019YFD100030)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31372054).
文摘Sugars,especially glucose and fructose,contribute to the taste and quality of tomato fruits.These compounds are translocated from the leaves to the fruits and then unloaded into the fruits by various sugar transporters at the plasma membrane.SWEETs,are sugar transporters that regulate sugar efflux independently of energy or pH.To date,the role of SWEETs in tomato has received very little attention.In this study,we performed functional analysis of SlSWEET7a and SlSWEET14 to gain insight into the regulation of sugar transport and storage in tomato fruits.SlSWEET7a and SlSWEET14 were mainly expressed in peduncles,vascular bundles,and seeds.Both SlSWEET7a and SlSWEET14 are plasma membrane-localized proteins that transport fructose,glucose,and sucrose.Apart from the resulting increase in mature fruit sugar content,silencing SlSWEET7a or SlSWEET14 resulted in taller plants and larger fruits(in SlSWEET7a-silenced lines).We also found that invertase activity and gene expression of some SlSWEET members increased,which was consistent with the increased availability of sucrose and hexose in the fruits.Overall,our results demonstrate that suppressing SlSWEET7a and SlSWEET14 could be a potential strategy for enhancing the sugar content of tomato fruits.
基金supported by grants from the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFD1000407)the earmarked fond for CARS(Grant No.CARS-23)LiaoNing Revitalization Talents Program(Grant No.XLYC2002052)。
文摘Melatonin regulates lily bulblet development;however,the key interactions have not yet been determined.In this study,we found that adding 20μM melatonin to the growth medium increased the bulblet circumference and the trehalose and starch content.Moreover,the expression of numerous genes involved in cell proliferation and carbohydrate accumulation were upregulated.Further analysis showed that melatonin downregulated the expression of LoRAV and upregulated the expression of LoBPM3 at an early stage.Cloning and bioinformatics analysis showed that LoRAV is 1056 bp in length and encodes a protein with two structural domains,namely,AP2 and B3;the encoded protein is localized to the nucleus and has no self-activation activity,and this protein interacts with LoBPM3.The expression of LoTCP4 and LoAMY was upregulated,while the expression of LoAGPase,LoCYCB2-1,and LoPCNA was inhibited when LoRAV was transiently overexpressed.However,the trends in the expression of the genes mentioned above,except LoAGPase and LoAMY,were reversed when LoRAV-OE was treated with melatonin.Interestingly,the expression of LoRAV,LoTCP4 and LoAMY was inhibited,and the expression of LoCYCB2-1 was upregulated by transient overexpression of LoBPM3,but the expression of LoBPM3 was not regulated by LoRAV overexpression.Based on these data,we suggest that melatonin promoted bulb development,which was partly associated with regulation of the LoBPM3-LoRAV module;thus,LoRAV negatively regulates cell proliferation of bulblets,and LoBPM3 is located upstream of LoRAV and attenuates its expression.
基金Project supported by the China Agriculture Research System(No.CARS-25)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31301813)the National Key Technologies R&D Program of China(No.2015103003)