Application of Chinese Herbal Extracts in Tumor Immunonutrition

The morbidity and mortality rates of cancer have gradually increased in China,making it an major obstacle to the development of the national economy,public health and society in general.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)has played an irreplaceable role in cancer therapy.TCM significantly reduces side effects and great ly improves the cancer patients’prognosis and quality of life following surgery,radio-chemotherapy or treatment with biological agents.With the advances in modern drug extraction technology and molecular biology techniques,Chinese herbal extracts from natural plants have gradually garnered increasing attention in the clinical setting because of their potent efficacy,relative safety,and convenience.Chinese herbal extracts have also become an important source of antitumor drugs and tumor adjuvant therapy.Studies have demonstrated that numerous Chinese herbal extracts not only have direct anti-tumor effects,but also improve the tumor immune microenvironment,enhance tumor immune surveillance,protect the intestinal mucosal barrier,regulate tumor metabolism and promote tumor cell apoptosis.In this review,we provide an overview of the mechanisms of action for Chinese herbal extracts,focusing on the relationship between Chinese herbal extracts and immune organs,inflammatory cytokines,cell defense,antioxidant effects and direct anti-tumor effects.

Green tea and its active compounds in cancer prevention and treatment

Green tea is now widely considered as anticancer substance or food in global.Catechin,the main anticancer component in green tea,exhites the strong biological activity which not only eliminate free radicals showing antioxygenic function,but also suppress cell proliferation as well as induce cancer cell apoptosis via blocking corresponding signaling pathway.Furthermore,several studies have demonstrated it could regulate the gut microbiota.It also could regulate gut microbiota.Through these functions,it plays important roles in the occurrence and development of cancer.Here,the anticancer compounds in green tea,the theoretical basis of TCM,the clinic applications,as well as the anticancer mechanism are reviewed.

Research Progress in Arecoline-induced Oral Submucous Fibrosis

Areca nut is a popular fruit, but is among the most common addictions following tobacco, alcohol and caffeine globally. Areca nut chewing is the major risk factor for OSF, which is a chronic, occult, and premalignant fibrotic disease. OSF is characterized by submucosal collagen accumulation and microvascular diseases, the primary microscopic manifestations of which include damaged vascular endothelial cells, increased vascular permeability, and decreased number of microvessels. As the basic structure of microvessels, endothelial cells paly an important role in the pathogenesis and progression of OSF. Arecoline is the main component of areca nut. This review summarized the machenism of arecoline-inducing OSF by acting on endothelial cells, mainly including that arecoline can promote endothelial cells inducing tissue fibrosis by acting on the vascular endothelial cells and is accomplished via multiple aspects such as inhibiting the proliferation and facilitating the apoptosis of endothelial cells, affecting their secretion of cytokines, or promoting the transformation process of EMT.

From Human Genome and Gut Microbiome to Personalized Cancer Nutrition

In attempts to improve the quality of life for both healthy and diseased patients,dietary and lifestyle guidelines have been formulated by numerous organizations.However,dietary and lifestyle changes are often insufficient to prevent or cure diseases.Of note,the development of cancer has been shown to be closely related to an individual’s dietary and xenobiotic intake.Interestingly,studies have shown that different people have different reactions to the same dietary interventions.The development of genomic and gut microbiome technologies has started to illuminate internal causes of many of the above phenomena.Variations in the genome affect an individual’s metabolism and the bioavailability of nutrients.Variations in the bacterial colonization lead to different functional potentials for the microbe,differences in metabolite production and modulation of the host’s metabolism.Quantifying and incorporating these factors into a comprehensive individualized nutrition plan may enable cancer patients to receive rational and effective nutritional treatment.

CACA guidelines for holistic integrative management of rectal cancer

Purpose Colorectal cancer is a common malignant tumor worldwide.In China,the ratio of rectal cancer to coloncancer in terms of incidence is close to 1:1.Low rectal cancer accounts for more than half of all cases of rectal cancer.In recent years,the proportion of rectal cancer has trended downward,however the incidence of rectal cancer inyounger adults is increasing.The CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Rectal Cancer were editedto help improve the diagnosis and comprehensive treatment in China.Methods This guideline has been prepared by consensuses reached by the CACA Committee of Colorectal CancerSociety,based on a careful review of the latest evidence including China’s studies,and referred to domestic and internationalrelative guidelines,also considered China’s specific national conditions and clinical practice.Results The CACA Guidelines for Holistic Integrative Management of Rectal Cancer include the epidemiology of rectalcancer,prevention and screening,diagnosis,treatment of nonmetastatic and metastatic rectal cancer,follow-up,and whole-course rehabilitation management.Conclusion Committee of Colorectal Cancer Society,Chinese Anti-Cancer Association,standardizes the diagnosisand treatment of rectal cancer in China through the formulation of the CACA Guidelines.