Maternal Outcome of Cases of Placenta Previa with and without Morbidly Adherent Placenta at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital, Saudi Arabia

Introduction:?Worldwide increasing cesarean section rates are expected to have a parallel increase in the number of cases of Placenta Previa with all the expected complications, including pathologically adherent placenta. This morbidly adherent placenta constitutes a serious and possibly a life threatening complication. An efficient team capable for managing possible complicated situations will be able to reduce mortality and morbidity. Objectives: The aim of our study was to evaluate maternal outcome in cases of Placenta Previa with and without morbidly adherent placenta. Methods: Analysis of all pregnancies complicated by antepartum hemorrhage during the period from January 2013 to September 2017 at King Abdul-Aziz University Hospital (KAUH), Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) was done. Cases of Placenta Previa with gestational age > 28 weeks were included. They were classified into 2 groups;Group (A) included Placenta Previa cases without morbidly adherent placenta and Group (B) included cases with morbidly adherent placenta. Maternal outcomes were recorded. Results: Placenta Previa was the leading cause of antepartum hemorrhage constituting 76.8%, out of them 52% were unbooked. Morbidly adherent placenta constituted 13.5% of total Placenta Previa cases and was diagnosed prenatally in only 1 case. Morbidity rate in placenta previa patients with adherent placenta (Group B) was higher than in placenta previa without adherent placenta (Group A). We considered the occurrence of intrapartum hypovolemic shock, Intensive care unit admission, surgical complications and peripartum hysterectomy as parameters for morbidity. P value for hypovolemic shock was insignificant (P = 0.580), significant for Intensive care unit admission (P = 0.008), significant for surgical complications (P = 0.009) and significant for peripartum

Ecological Study on Bacteria-Zooplankton Interaction in Domat AI-Gandal Lake, AL-Jouf Area, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

A year-long survey of some physical parameters （water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity）, chemical parameters （Biological Oxygen Demand ＂BOD＂, Chemical Oxygen Demand ＂COD＂, nitrate, ammonia, orthophosphate） and some biological （zooplankton） and microbiological （total bacteria, indicator bacteria, pathogenic bacteria） components in Domat AI-Gandal Lake was conducted. Water samples were collected seasonally from spring 2004 to winter 2005. Four locations on the Lake were sampled in order to evaluate the condition of the Lake. To investigate the possible effect of zooplankton in controlling the presence of faecal indicator bacteria, a 24 hour experiment was carried out to examine this hypothesis as well as the grazing pressure of zooplankton on the bacterial community of the Lake. The results showed that variations in season temperature affected the zooplankton and density of bacteria in the Lake. Zooplankton was composed by Protozoa 75%, Rotifera 20.6%, Cladocera 3% and Copepoda 2%. The reduction rates for the tested faecal pollution indicators in presence of zooplankton predators were remarkable （up to 99%）. In conclusion zooplankton, especially protozoa, was found to play an important role as biological control against bacterial indicators of faecal pollution.

Carpel Tunnel Syndrome: A Link with Vitamin D, Body Mass Index and Hyperlipidemia

Introduction: Carbai tunnel syndrome [CTS] is compression of the median nerve at the wrist , this causes tingling in the hands, pain, numbness, tingling in the fingers particularly the thumb, index and middle fingers, loss of sensation in the hands and fingers, also weakness in the hands. The aim of the present study was to study a possible association which could be found between electrophysiological data in CTS, BMI, hyperlipidemia, and vitamin D [Vit D] levels. Methods: We used a sample of 40 females of the same age group, who were divided into Group 1 as a control consists of 18 healthy females and Group II consisted of 22 age matched females with clinical and electrophysiological evidence of CTS. We measured atherogenic index [AI] as a marker of hyperlipidemia, body mass index [BMI], Vit D status and electrophysiological tests of CTS. Results: Subjects with CTS had deficient Vit D status, they had significantly high atherogenic index (AI), and significant high BMI all compared to control Group I. Median sensory conduction velocity was significantly correlated negatively with BMI and atherogenic index, and positively correlated significantly with Vit D status. But median sensory and motor action potential latency were significantly correlated positively with BMI and atherogenic index, and negatively correlated significantly with Vit D status The analysis revealed BMI, atherogenic index and Vit D status as predictors of median nerve sensory and motor action potential latency and sensory nerve conduction velocity in CTS. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that obesity and hyperlipidemia are potent CTS risk factors and declared the direct association between Vit D status and CTS occurrence. Our study supports the notion of the compensatory neuroprotective role of Vit D which could have a direct impact on the nerves integrity as it has an anti-inflammatory property which acts in relieving nervous insults and stress. .

Overview of Past, Present and Future Marine Power Plants

In efforts to overcome an foreseeable energy crisis predicated on limited oil and gas supplies, reserves; economic variations facing the world, and of course the environmental side effects of fossil fuels, an urgent need for energy sources that provide sustainable, safe and economic supplies for the world is imperative. The current fossil fuel energy system must be improved to ensure a better and cleaner transportation future for the world. Despite the fact that the marine transportation sector consumes only 5% of global petroleum production; it is responsible for 15% of the world NOx and SOx emissions. These figures must be the engine that powers the scientific research worldwide to develop new solutions for a very old energy problem. In this paper, the most effective types of marine power plants were discussed. The history of the development of each type was presented first and the technical aspects were discussed second. Also, the fuel ceils as a new type of power plants used in marine sector were briefed to give a complete overview of the past, present and future of the marine power plants development. Based on the increased worldwide concerns regarding harmful emissions, many researchers have introduced solutions to this problem, including the adoption of new cleaner fuels. This paper was guided using the same trend and by implementing the hydrogen as fuel for marine internal combustion engine, gas turbines, and fuel cells.

Fuel Saving and Emissions Cut Through Shore-Side Power Concept for High-speed Crafts at the Red Sea in Egypt

The progress of economic globalization,the rapid growth of international trade,and the maritime transportation has played an increasingly significant role in the international supply chain.As a result,worldwide seaports have suffered from a central problem,which appears in the form of massive amounts of fuel consumed and exhaust gas fumes emitted from the ships while berthed.Many ports have taken the necessary precautions to overcome this problem,while others still suffer due to the presence of technical and financial constraints.In this paper,the barriers,interconnection standards,rules,regulations,power sources,and economic and environmental analysis related to ships,shore-side power were studied in efforts to find a solution to overcome his problem.As a case study,this paper investigates the practicability,costs and benefits of switching from onboard ship auxiliary engines to shore-side power connection for high-speed crafts called Alkahera while berthed at the port of Safaga,Egypt.The results provide the national electricity grid concept as the best economical selection with 49.03 percent of annual cost saving.Moreover,environmentally,it could achieve an annual reduction in exhaust gas emissions of CO2,CO,NOx,P.M,and SO2by 276,2.32,18.87,0.825 and 3.84 tons,respectively.

Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome presenting as polypoid mass lesions in a young girl

Solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS) is a rare condition in children. We report a case of SRUS in an 8-year old Saudi girl who presented with recurrent rectal bleeding,intermittent mucosal prolapse,and passage of mucus per rectum. Colonoscopy revealed multiple polypoid mass lesions with histopathological features of SRUS. The polypoid variant of SRUS is very rare in children and may be confused with rectal malignant or inflammatory conditions.

Health-Related Quality of Life of Children and Adolescents with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis in Western Saudi Arabia

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of Juvenile Idiopathic Rheumatoid Ar-thritis (JIA) on the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in Saudi children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia to evaluate the HRQOL of children aged ≤ 18 years who had JIA using the childhood health assessment questionnaire modified for Arab children (CHAQ-MAC). Such questionnaire investigates 34 activities of daily life (ADL) classified into 8 life domains. Children or their parents were invited for face-to-face interview, and a phone interview was done for patients who missed their appointments during the period between February and July 2017. A statistical model was used to calculate a total CHAQ.MAC score (range = 0 - 33;Cronbach’s alpha = 0.966);with higher values indicating poorer HRQOL. Results: Of a total of 44 children (male ratio = 0.63;mean ± SD age = 9.95 ± 5.44), Systemic-onset JIA was the most frequent type (27.3%), followed by polyarticular (15.9%) and oligoarticular (13.6%). Pain was reported among 43.2% (frequently in the knee, in 27.3%) whereas morning stiffness was reported in 20.5%. The mean CHAQ.MAC score = 2.89 (75th centile = 3.00). With respect of ADLs, up to 22.7% of the children complained of difficulty;and 31.8% reported a difficulty in at least one of the 34 investigated ADLs. With respect of the life domain, children reported difficulties for activities (27.3%), dressing & grooming and hygiene (13.6%), and eating (6.82%). According to the life domain, 4.5% to 13.6% of the children needed help to execute the related ADLs and up to 9.1% used aids or devices. Poor HRQOL was associated with articular pain (p = 0.003) and specific medication (p = 0.043). Con-clusion: Children with arthralgia and those on specific treatment are at higher risk of impaired QOL, which emphasizes the need for systematic screening for treatment adverse effects and joint pain and implementation of efficient management to improve HRQOL.

Numerical Investigation of the Plasma Formation in Distilled Water by Nd-YAG Laser Pulses of Different Duration

Water breakdown studies by Nd-YAG laser pulses of duration 100 fs, 30 ps and 6 ns at wavelength 1064 nm are pre- formed to investigate the physical mechanisms which couple the laser energy into the medium. Calculations are carried out applying a modified kinetic model of water breakdown previously developed by Kennedy (1995) to investigate the correlation between threshold intensity of breakdown and laser pulse length. The modifications considered the introduction of diffusion and recombination loss processes which might take place under the experimental conditions applied in these calculations. The validity of the model is tested by comparing the calculated threshold intensities and the experimentally measured ones where good agreement is shown. The study of the time evolution of the electron density clarifies the correlation between the pulse length and dominant ionization mechanism. The analysis of the spatial distribution of the electron density along the radial and axial distances of the focal spot showed that the size of the formed plasma increases with the increase of the pulse length. On the other hand, studies of self-focusing effect illustrated that under the investigated experimental conditions the effect of this process has an effective contribution only at laser pulses of the order of femtosecond scale when the laser beam is focused by a lens of a focal length ≥8.0 cm. This result in turns assures that using femtosecond pulses in ophthalmic microsurgery could be a safe tool from the retinal damage.

An Efficient Path Planning Strategy in Mobile Sink Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are considered the backbone ofthe Internet of Things (IoT), which enables sensor nodes (SNs) to achieveapplications similarly to human intelligence. However, integrating a WSNwith the IoT is challenging and causes issues that require careful exploration.Prolonging the lifetime of a network through appropriately utilising energyconsumption is among the essential challenges due to the limited resourcesof SNs. Thus, recent research has examined mobile sinks (MSs), which havebeen introduced to improve the overall efficiency of WSNs. MSs bear theburden of data collection instead of consuming energy at the routeing bySNs. In a network, some areas generate more data through SNs that containfrequent, urgent messages. These messages carry sensitive data that must bedelivered immediately to user applications. Collecting such messages via MSs,especially on a large scale, increases delays, which are not tolerable in some realapplications. This issue has not been studied much. Thus, the present studyutilises the advantages of the priority parameter to concentrate on these areasand proposes a new model named ‘energy efficient path planning of MS-basedarea priority’ (EEPP-BAP). This method involves non-urgent and urgentmessages. It is comprised of four procedures. Initially, after SNs are distributedrandomly in a wide monitoring field, the monitoring field is partitionedinto equal zones according to priority, either differently or equally. Next isclustering based on the cluster head (CH) selected to perform the particleswarm optimisation algorithm (PSO). Then, the MS moves first to the zoneswith higher priority and less distance to perform the brain storm optimisationalgorithm. Finally, for urgent messages from the other zones at which theMS continues, the proposed approach establishes a routeing technique usingmulti-hop communication based on the MS position and using PSO. The proposed solution is aimed at delivering urgent messages to MSs free of latencyand with minimal packet loss. The simulation results proved that the EEPPBAP method can improve network performance compared with other modelsbased on different parameters that have been used to construct the controlledmovement of MSs in large-scale environments involving urgent messages. Theproposed method increased the average lifetime of SNs to 206.6% on average,reduced the average end-to-end delay to 7.1%, and increased the averagepacket delivery ratio to 36.9%.

Engagement Detection Based on Analyzing Micro Body Gestures Using 3D CNN

This paper proposes a novel,efficient and affordable approach to detect the students’engagement levels in an e-learning environment by using webcams.Our method analyzes spatiotemporal features of e-learners’micro body gestures,which will be mapped to emotions and appropriate engagement states.The proposed engagement detection model uses a three-dimensional convolutional neural network to analyze both temporal and spatial information across video frames.We follow a transfer learning approach by using the C3D model that was trained on the Sports-1M dataset.The adopted C3D model was used based on two different approaches;as a feature extractor with linear classifiers and a classifier after applying fine-tuning to the pretrained model.Our model was tested and its performance was evaluated and compared to the existing models.It proved its effectiveness and superiority over the other existing methods with an accuracy of 94%.The results of this work will contribute to the development of smart and interactive e-learning systems with adaptive responses based on users’engagement levels.

Household survey of container-breeding mosquitoes and climatic factors influencing the prevalence of Aedes aegypti(Diptera:Culicidae)in Makkah City,Saudi Arabia

Objective:To investigate the prevalence of container breeding mosquitoes with emphasis on the seasonality and larval habitats of Aedes aegypti(Ae.aegypti) in Makkah City,adjoining an environmental monitoring and dengue incidence.Methods:Monthly visits were performed between April 2008 and March 2009 to randomly selected houses.During each visit,mosquito larvae were collected from indoors and outdoors containers by either dipping or pipetting. Mosquitoes were morphologically identified.Data on temperature,relative humidity,rain/ precipitations during the survey period was retrieved from governmental sources and analyzed. Results:The city was warmer in dry season(DS) than wet season(WS).No rain occurred at all during DS and even precipitations did fall,wetting events were much greaterduring WS.Larval survey revealed the co-breeding of Aedes,Culex and Anopheles in a variety of artificial containers in and around homes.32109 larvae representing 1st,2nd,3rd,and 4th stages were collected from 22618 container habitats.Culicines was far the commonest and Aedes genus was as numerous as the Culex population.Ae.aegypti larval abundance exhibited marked temporal variations,overall, being usually more abundant during WS.Ten types of artificial containers were found with developing larvae.70%of these habitats were located indoors.71.42%of indoor containers were permanent and 28.58* was semi-permanent during WS.Cement tanks was the only container type permanent during DS.Ae.aegypti larval indices(CI,HI,Bl) recorded were greater during WS. Conclusions:Taken together,these results indicate a high risk of dengue transmission in the holy city.

Uncertainty Modeling for Oil Tankers and Operational Guidance

Technology evolution has been a driving factor in the oil tanker industry. The technology breakthroughs and historical data served as the main factor of evo-lution in the industry. Nowadays the oil tankers have been modified and opti-mized according to the requirements of the cargo and the area in which they are supposed to operate. This paper reviews some technological developments in the tanker industry and driving factors behind them. The issues of environmental pollution, failure prediction, and efficient operations are also discussed in mathematical terms.

Computing the Enclosures Eigenvalues Using the Quadratic Method

In this article, we compute the enclosures eigenvalues (upper and lower bounds) using the quadratic method. The Schrodinger operator (A) (harmonic and anharmonic oscillator model) has used as an example. We study a new technique to get more accurate bounds. We compare our results with Boulton and Strauss method.

New Generating Sets of the First Order Lane-Emden Differential Equations in <i>N</i>-Dimensional Radially Symmetric Polytropes

In the present paper, two new generating sets, of homology invariant functions will be established. Moreover, by the aid of two independent homology invariant functions of each set we established the transformed first order Lane-Emden equation. The first equation for polytropic index n ≠–1, ±∞ depends on five free parameters, while the other equation is for, n = ±∞ and depends on three free parameters.

DFT Calculations for Corrosion Inhibition of Ferrous Alloys by Pyrazolopyrimidine Derivatives

The inhibition performance of 5-tolyl-2-phenylpyrazolo[1,5-c] pyrimidine-7(6H)thione (Tolyl), 5-tolyl-2-pheenylpyrazolo?[1,5-c]pyrimidine-7(6H)one (Inon) was?investigated as corrosion inhibitors using density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/6-31?+?G(d,p) level of theory. The calculated quantum chemical parameters correlated to the inhibition efficiency are:?the?highest occupied molecular orbital energy(EHOMO),?the?lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy (ELUMO), the energy gap (ΔEL-H), dipole moment (μ), ionization energy (Ι), electron affinity?(Α), absolute electronegativity (χ), absolute hardness (η), absolute softness (σ), the fraction of electron transferred (ΔN), and the total energy (Etot)?which?were calculated. The local reactivity has been analyzed through the Fukui function and local softness indices in order to compare the possible sites for nucleophilic and electrophilic attacks. The success of DFT calculations in predicting the inhibition efficiency?was?assessed.

Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Some New Fluorine-Substituted 4-Thiazolidinone Bearing 1,2,4-Triazinone

Fluorine substituted 4-thiazolidinone 5 bearing 1,2,4-triazinone obtained from the condensation of 3-Amino-6(2’-aminophenyl)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one (2) with an aromatic aldehyde followed by cycloaddition with mercaptoacetic acid afforded the thiazolidinone (4), and treatment with ethyl trifluoroacetate. Structure of the products has been deduced from their correct elemental analysis and spectral measurements. The antifungal activity of the new fluorinated target also has been evaluated.

Effect of Therapeutic Ginger on Genotoxic of Taxol Drug （Anti-Cancer） in Bone Marrow Cell of Male Mice

Medicinal use of spices/herbs has been gradually increased in the developed countries, Zingiber officinale （Ginger） is known to possess potent antioxidant and anti inflammatory properties. Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the possible anti-mutagenic effect of ginger against the genotoxic effect of anti-cancer drug Taxol 0.6 mg/kg. This study is conducted by using two types of cytogenetic studies in bone marrow cell of mal albino mice Mus musculus （average weight 25-30 g）. The animals were randomly distributed into six groups, each of 14 mi[ce, （GI） was given the solvent, （G2） treatment of the medical dose of Taxol drug, （G3） treatment of ginger, （G4） a pre-treatment of ginger prior to treatment of drug, （G5） a simultaneous treatment of ginger and treatment of drug, （G6） a post-treatment of ginger after treatment drug. The study results show that significant increase in total chromosomal aberrations and significant increase in the number of micronuclei were observed after treatment drug. The significant structural aberrations were in the form of end-to-end associations. The numerical chromosomal aberrations were endomitosis and polyploid. The results showed that the frequencies of chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei in ginger treated group were not significantly different from control. Simultaneous treatment of ginger was found to be effective in reducing the genotoxic effects induced by drug Taxol especially in the total number of the chromosomal aberrations and the number of micronuclei.

Towards More Efficient Image Web Search

With the flood of information on the Web, it has become increasingly necessary for users to utilize automated tools in order to find, extract, filter, and evaluate the desired information and knowledge discovery. In this research, we will present a preliminary discussion about using the dominant meaning technique to improve Google Image Web search engine. Google search engine analyzes the text on the page adjacent to the image, the image caption and dozens of other factors to determine the image content. To improve the results, we looked for building a dominant meaning classification model. This paper investigated the influence of using this model to retrieve more efficient images, through sequential procedures to formulate a suitable query. In order to build this model, the specific dataset related to an application domain was collected;K-means algorithm was used to cluster the dataset into K-clusters, and the dominant meaning technique is used to construct a hierarchy model of these clusters. This hierarchy model is used to reformulate a new query. We perform some experiments on Google and validate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. The proposed approach is improved for in precision, recall and F1-measure by 57%, 70%, and 61% respectively.