In regard to erectile function, Yin is flaccidity and Yang erection. In the past decade, research has mostly focused on the Yang aspect of erectile function. However, in recent years, the Yin side is attracting increa...In regard to erectile function, Yin is flaccidity and Yang erection. In the past decade, research has mostly focused on the Yang aspect of erectile function. However, in recent years, the Yin side is attracting increasingly greater attention. This is due to the realization that penile flaccidity is no less important than penile erection and is actively maintained by mechanisms that play critical roles in certain types of erectile dysfunction （ED）; for example, in diabetic patients. In addition, there is evidence that the Yin and Yang signaling pathways interact with each other during the transition from flaccidity to erection, and vice versa. As such, it is important that we view erectile function from not only the Yang but also the Yin side. The purpose of this article is to review recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the Yin and Yang of the penis. Emphasis is given to the Rho kinase signaling pathway that regulates the Yin, and to the cyclic nucleotide signaling pathway that regulates the Yang. Discussion is organized in such a way so as to follow the signaling cascade, that is, beginning with the extracellular signaling molecules （e.g., norepinephrin and nitric oxide） and their receptors, converging onto the intracellular effectors （e.g., Rho kinase and protein kinase G）, branching into secondary effectors, and finishing with contractile molecules and phosphodiesterases. Interactions between the Yin and Yang signaling pathways are discussed as well.展开更多
Aim: To clarify the mechanism of the therapeutic action of icariin on erectlile dysfunction (ED). Methods: PDE5 was isolated from the human platelet and PDE4 from the rat liver tissue using the FPLC system (Pharmacia,...Aim: To clarify the mechanism of the therapeutic action of icariin on erectlile dysfunction (ED). Methods: PDE5 was isolated from the human platelet and PDE4 from the rat liver tissue using the FPLC system (Pharmacia, Milton Keynes, UK) and the Mono Q column. The inhibitory effects of icariin on PDE5 and PDE4 activities were investigated by the two-step radioisotope procedure with [3H]-cGMP/[3H]-cAMP. Papaverine served as the control drug. Results: Icariin and papaverine showed dose-dependent inhibitory effects on PDE5 and PDE4 activities. The IC50 of Icariin and papaverine on PDE5 were 0.432 μmol/L and 0.680μmol/L, respectively and those on PDE4, 73.50 μmol/L and 3.07μmol/L, respectively. The potencies of selectivity of icariin and papaverine on PDE5 (PDE4/PDE5 of IC50) were 167.67 times and 4.54 times, respectively. Conclusion: Icariin is a cGMP-specific PDE5 inhibitor that may be developed into an oral effective agent for the treatment of ED.展开更多
Stem cells are defined by their capacity for both self-renewal and directed differentiation; thus, they represent great promise for regenerative medicine. Historically, stem cells have been categorized as either embry...Stem cells are defined by their capacity for both self-renewal and directed differentiation; thus, they represent great promise for regenerative medicine. Historically, stem cells have been categorized as either embryonic stem cells （ESCs） or adult stem cells （ASCs）. It was previously believed that only ESCs hold the ability to differentiate into any cell type, whereas ASCs have the capacity to give rise only to cells of a given germ layer. More recently, however, numerous studies demonstrated the ability of ASCs to differentiate into cell types beyond their tissue origin. The aim of this review was to summarize contemporary evidence regarding stem cell availability, differentiation, and more specifically, the potential of these cells in the diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction （ED） in both animal models and human research. We performed a search on PubMed for articles related to definition, iocalisation and circulation of stem cells as well as the application of stem cells in both diagnosis and treatment of ED. Strong evidence supports the concept that stem cell therapy is potentially the next therapeutic approach for ED. To date, a large spectrum of stem cells, including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, adipose tissue-derived stem cells and muscle-derived stem cells, have been investigated for neural, vascular, endothelial or smooth muscle regeneration in animal models for ED. In addition, several subtypes of ASCs are localized in the penis, and circulating endogenous stem cells can be employed to predict the outcome of ED and ED-related cardiovascular diseases.展开更多
Aim： To identity proteins that are differentially expressed in cells derived from normal and diseased tunica albuginea （TA） as related to Peyronie＇s disease （PD）. Methods： Cells with characteristics of fibrobla...Aim： To identity proteins that are differentially expressed in cells derived from normal and diseased tunica albuginea （TA） as related to Peyronie＇s disease （PD）. Methods： Cells with characteristics of fibroblasts were isolated from two tissue sources. Those from the plaque of patients with PD were designated as PT cells, and those from the normally- appearing TA of the same patients were designated as NT cells. Messenger RNAs of these cells were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） for the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 （MCP-1）. Crude protein lysates were analyzed by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry （SELDI-MS） with IMAC30-Cu, CM10, and H50 chips. Each lysate was then separated into six fractions, which were further analyzed by SELDI-MS. Results： RT- PCR analysis showed that PT cells expressed higher levels of MCP-1 than their counterpart NT cells. SELDI-MS analysis showed that the crude protein lysates of all four cell strains produced similar and reproducible protein profiles on IMAC30-Cu and CM 10 chips. Additional SELDI-MS analyses with the fractionated lysates detected three proteins of 11.6 kDa, 14.5 kDa, 22.6 kDa that were upregulated in PT cells and two proteins of 6.3 kDa and 46,9 kDa that were downregulated in PT cells. Conclusion： MCP-1, which is often involved in tissue fibrosis, was expressed at higher levels in PT than that in NT cells. Five potential biomarkers for PD were identified by SELDI-MS analysis. （Asian J Androl 2005 Sep; 7： 237-243）展开更多
More than 100 years ago,urology was recognized as an independent specialty.It is a dynamic and rapidly evolving field that plays a critical role in the diagnosis,treatment,and management of a wide range of urologic di...More than 100 years ago,urology was recognized as an independent specialty.It is a dynamic and rapidly evolving field that plays a critical role in the diagnosis,treatment,and management of a wide range of urologic disorders.Over the past few decades,a splendid range of diagnostic options and therapeutic strategies in urooncology,endourology,female urology,and andrology has emerged.In particular,the explosion in precision medicine in the field of urology has revolutionized the way urologic malignancies are treated,and has led research and discovery on a new journey.展开更多
近年来,以能量为标记的机械生物力学对生命现象的影响受到世界科学界的广泛重视,尤其是来自美国麻省理工学院以Phillip A Sharp为首的一批科学家强力倡导,推动该领域的发展。2011年1月4日召开的2011年美国科学促进会年会,明确该领域的...近年来,以能量为标记的机械生物力学对生命现象的影响受到世界科学界的广泛重视,尤其是来自美国麻省理工学院以Phillip A Sharp为首的一批科学家强力倡导,推动该领域的发展。2011年1月4日召开的2011年美国科学促进会年会,明确该领域的发展将成为生命科学的第三次革命,并发表了一份白皮书,提出生命科学、物理学、工程学的融合将会改变我们的世界。展开更多
Stem cells hold great promise for regenerative medicine because of their ability to self-renew and to differentiate into various cell types. Although embryonic stem cells （BSC） have greater differentiation potential...Stem cells hold great promise for regenerative medicine because of their ability to self-renew and to differentiate into various cell types. Although embryonic stem cells （BSC） have greater differentiation potential than adult stem cells, the former is lagging in reaching clinical applications because of ethical concerns and governmental restrictions. Bone marrow stem cells （BMSC） are the best-studied adult stem cells （ASC） and have the potential to treat a wide variety of diseases, including erectile dysfunction （ED） and male infertility. More recently discovered adipose tissuederived stem cells （ADSC） are virtually identical to bone marrow stem cells in differentiation and therapeutic potential, but are easier and safer to obtain, can be harvested in larger quantities, and have the associated benefit of reducing obesity. Therefore, ADSC appear to be a better choice for future clinical applications. We have previously shown that ESC could restore the erectile function of neurogenic ED in rats, and we now have evidence that ADSC could do so as well. We are also investigating whether ADSC can differentiate into Leydig, Sertoli and male germ cells. The eventual goal is to use ADSC to treat male infertility and testosterone deficiency. （Asian JAndrol 2008 Mar; 10： 171-175）展开更多
Lower urinary tract diseases are emotionally and finan- cially burdensome to the individual and society.Current treatments are ineffective or symptomatic.Conversely,stem cells(SCs)are regenerative and may offer long-t...Lower urinary tract diseases are emotionally and finan- cially burdensome to the individual and society.Current treatments are ineffective or symptomatic.Conversely,stem cells(SCs)are regenerative and may offer long-term solutions.Among the different types of SCs,bone marrow SCs(BMSCs)and skeletal muscle-derived SCs(SkMSCs) have received the most attention in pre-clinical and clinical trial studies concerning the lower urinary tract.In particu- lar,clinical trials with SkMSCs for stress urinary inconti- nence have demonstrated impressive efficacy.However,both SkMSCs and BMSCs are difficult to obtain in quantity and therefore neither is optimal for the eventual imple- mentation of SC therapy.On the other hand,adipose tissue-derived SCs(ADSCs)can be easily and abundantly obtained from"discarded"adipose tissue.Moreover,in several head-on comparison studies,ADSCs have demon- strated equal or superior therapeutic potential compared to BMSCs.Therefore,across several different medical dis- ciplines,including urology,ADSC research is gaining wide attention.For the regeneration of bladder tissues,possible differentiation of ADSCs into bladder smooth muscle and epithelial cells has been demonstrated.For the treatment of bladder diseases,specifically hyperlipidemia and associ- ated overactive bladder,ADSCs have also demonstrated efficacy.For the treatment of urethral sphincter dysfunc- tion associated with birth trauma and hormonal deficiency,ADSC therapy was also beneficial.Finally,ADSCs were able to restore erectile function in various types of erectile dysfunction(ED),including those associated with diabe- tes,hyperlipidemia,and nerve injuries.Thus,ADSCs have demonstrated remarkable therapeutic potentials for the lower urinary tract.展开更多
1|INTRODUCTION.After few years without in-person meeting during the American Urological Association(AUA)due to COVID-19 pandemic,the world's brightest Chinese urologists and urological researchers gathered again.O...1|INTRODUCTION.After few years without in-person meeting during the American Urological Association(AUA)due to COVID-19 pandemic,the world's brightest Chinese urologists and urological researchers gathered again.On May 3,2024,the 16th Annual Meeting of the World Chinese Urological Society(WCUS)was successfully held in San Antonio,USA.This conference attracted Chinese experts and scholars from the field of urology around the world to discuss and share the latest academic achievements and research advancements.This significant event provided an important academic exchange platform for Chinese urology experts globally.展开更多
Schwann cells （SCs） are the principal gila of the peripheral nervous system. The end point of SC development is the formation of myelinating and nonmyelinating cells which ensheath large and small diameter axons, re...Schwann cells （SCs） are the principal gila of the peripheral nervous system. The end point of SC development is the formation of myelinating and nonmyelinating cells which ensheath large and small diameter axons, respectively. They play an important role in axon regeneration after injury, including cavernous nerve injury that leads to erectile dysfunction （ED）. Despite improvement in radical prostatectomy surgical techniques, many patients still suffer from ED postoperatively as surgical trauma causes traction injuries and local inflammatory changes in the neuronal microenvironment of the autonomic fibers innervating the penis resulting in pathophysiological alterations in the end organ. The aim of this review is to summarize contemporary evidence regarding： （1） the origin and development of SCs in the peripheral and penile nerve system; （2） Wallerian degeneration and SC plastic change following peripheral and penile nerve injury; （3） how SCs promote peripheral and penile nerve regeneration by secreting neurotrophic factors; （4） and strategies targeting SCs to accelerate peripheral nerve regeneration. We searched PubMed for articles related to these topics in both animal models and human research and found numerous studies suggesting that SCs could be a novel target for treatment of nerve injury-induced ED.展开更多
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a promising therapy that has been increasingly explored in basic research and clinical applications. LIPUS is an appealing therapeutic option as it is a noninvasive treatment...Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a promising therapy that has been increasingly explored in basic research and clinical applications. LIPUS is an appealing therapeutic option as it is a noninvasive treatment that has many advantages, including no risk of infection or tissue damage and no known adverse reactions. LIPUS has been shown to have many benefits including promotion of tissue healing, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration;inhibition of inflammation and pain relief;and stimulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. The biophysical mechanisms of LIPUS remain unclear and the studies are ongoing. In recent years, more and more research has focused on the relationship between LIPUS and stem/progenitor cells. A comprehensive search of the PubMed and Embase databases to July 2020 was performed. LIPUS has many effects on stem cells. Studies show that LIPUS can stimulate stem cells in vitro;promote stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration;maintain stem cell activity;alleviate the problems of insufficient seed cell source, differentiation, and maturation;and circumvent the low efficiency of stem cell transplantation. The mechanisms involved in the effects of LIPUS are not fully understood, but the effects demonstrated in studies thus far have been favorable. Much additional research is needed before LIPUS can progress from basic science research to large-scale clinical dissemination and application.展开更多
San Antonio,May 3,2024—The 16th Annual meeting of the World Chinese Urological Society(WCUS)was successfully held in San Antonio,drawing together experts and scholars from around the globe in the field of Chinese uro...San Antonio,May 3,2024—The 16th Annual meeting of the World Chinese Urological Society(WCUS)was successfully held in San Antonio,drawing together experts and scholars from around the globe in the field of Chinese urology.This conference served as a platform for academic exchange,as well as an occasion for medical professionals of Chinese descent to learn from,inspire,and motivate one another.Such events are crucial for advancing research and clinical practice in Chinese urology worldwide,and the success of this conference signals a bright and progressive future for the field.展开更多
Peripheral nerve damage,such as that found after surgery or trauma,is a substantial clinical challenge.Much research continues in attempts to improve outcomes after peripheral nerve damage and to promote nerve repair ...Peripheral nerve damage,such as that found after surgery or trauma,is a substantial clinical challenge.Much research continues in attempts to improve outcomes after peripheral nerve damage and to promote nerve repair after injury.In recent years,low-intensity pulsed ultrasound(LIPUS)has been studied as a potential method of stimulating peripheral nerve regeneration.In this review,the physiology of peripheral nerve regeneration is reviewed,and the experiments employing LIPUS to improve peripheral nerve regeneration are discussed.Application of LIPUS following nerve surgery may promote nerve regeneration and improve functional outcomes through a variety of proposed mechanisms.These include an increase of neurotrophic factors,Schwann cell(SC)activation,cellular signaling activations,and induction of mitosis.We searched PubMed for articles related to these topics in both in vitro and in vivo animal research models.We found numerous studies,suggesting that LIPUS following nerve surgery promotes nerve regeneration and improves functional outcomes.Based on these findings,LIPUS could be a novel and valuable treatment for nerve injury-induced erectile dysfunction.展开更多
Transplanted stem cells （SCs）, owing to their regenerative capacity, represent one of the most promising methods to restore erectile dysfunction （ED）. However, insufficient source, invasive procedures, ethical and...Transplanted stem cells （SCs）, owing to their regenerative capacity, represent one of the most promising methods to restore erectile dysfunction （ED）. However, insufficient source, invasive procedures, ethical and regulatory issues hamper their use in clinical applications. The endogenous SCs/progenitor cells resident in organ and tissues play critical roles for organogenesis during development and for tissue homeostasis in adulthood. Even without any therapeutic intervention, human body has a robust self-healing capability to repair the damaged tissues or organs. Therefore, SCs-for-ED therapy should not be limited to a supply-side approach. The resident endogenous SCs existing in patients could also be a potential target for ED therapy. The aim of this review was to summarize contemporary evidence regarding： （1） SC niche and SC biological features in vitro; （2） localization and mobilization of endogenous SCs; （3） existing evidence of penile endogenous SCs and their possible mode of mobilization. We performed a search on PubMed for articles related to these aspects in a wide range of basic studies. Together, numerous evidences hold the promise that endogenous SCs would be a novel therapeutic approach for the therapy of ED.展开更多
文摘In regard to erectile function, Yin is flaccidity and Yang erection. In the past decade, research has mostly focused on the Yang aspect of erectile function. However, in recent years, the Yin side is attracting increasingly greater attention. This is due to the realization that penile flaccidity is no less important than penile erection and is actively maintained by mechanisms that play critical roles in certain types of erectile dysfunction （ED）; for example, in diabetic patients. In addition, there is evidence that the Yin and Yang signaling pathways interact with each other during the transition from flaccidity to erection, and vice versa. As such, it is important that we view erectile function from not only the Yang but also the Yin side. The purpose of this article is to review recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate the Yin and Yang of the penis. Emphasis is given to the Rho kinase signaling pathway that regulates the Yin, and to the cyclic nucleotide signaling pathway that regulates the Yang. Discussion is organized in such a way so as to follow the signaling cascade, that is, beginning with the extracellular signaling molecules （e.g., norepinephrin and nitric oxide） and their receptors, converging onto the intracellular effectors （e.g., Rho kinase and protein kinase G）, branching into secondary effectors, and finishing with contractile molecules and phosphodiesterases. Interactions between the Yin and Yang signaling pathways are discussed as well.
文摘Aim: To clarify the mechanism of the therapeutic action of icariin on erectlile dysfunction (ED). Methods: PDE5 was isolated from the human platelet and PDE4 from the rat liver tissue using the FPLC system (Pharmacia, Milton Keynes, UK) and the Mono Q column. The inhibitory effects of icariin on PDE5 and PDE4 activities were investigated by the two-step radioisotope procedure with [3H]-cGMP/[3H]-cAMP. Papaverine served as the control drug. Results: Icariin and papaverine showed dose-dependent inhibitory effects on PDE5 and PDE4 activities. The IC50 of Icariin and papaverine on PDE5 were 0.432 μmol/L and 0.680μmol/L, respectively and those on PDE4, 73.50 μmol/L and 3.07μmol/L, respectively. The potencies of selectivity of icariin and papaverine on PDE5 (PDE4/PDE5 of IC50) were 167.67 times and 4.54 times, respectively. Conclusion: Icariin is a cGMP-specific PDE5 inhibitor that may be developed into an oral effective agent for the treatment of ED.
文摘Stem cells are defined by their capacity for both self-renewal and directed differentiation; thus, they represent great promise for regenerative medicine. Historically, stem cells have been categorized as either embryonic stem cells （ESCs） or adult stem cells （ASCs）. It was previously believed that only ESCs hold the ability to differentiate into any cell type, whereas ASCs have the capacity to give rise only to cells of a given germ layer. More recently, however, numerous studies demonstrated the ability of ASCs to differentiate into cell types beyond their tissue origin. The aim of this review was to summarize contemporary evidence regarding stem cell availability, differentiation, and more specifically, the potential of these cells in the diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction （ED） in both animal models and human research. We performed a search on PubMed for articles related to definition, iocalisation and circulation of stem cells as well as the application of stem cells in both diagnosis and treatment of ED. Strong evidence supports the concept that stem cell therapy is potentially the next therapeutic approach for ED. To date, a large spectrum of stem cells, including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, adipose tissue-derived stem cells and muscle-derived stem cells, have been investigated for neural, vascular, endothelial or smooth muscle regeneration in animal models for ED. In addition, several subtypes of ASCs are localized in the penis, and circulating endogenous stem cells can be employed to predict the outcome of ED and ED-related cardiovascular diseases.
文摘Aim： To identity proteins that are differentially expressed in cells derived from normal and diseased tunica albuginea （TA） as related to Peyronie＇s disease （PD）. Methods： Cells with characteristics of fibroblasts were isolated from two tissue sources. Those from the plaque of patients with PD were designated as PT cells, and those from the normally- appearing TA of the same patients were designated as NT cells. Messenger RNAs of these cells were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） for the expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 （MCP-1）. Crude protein lysates were analyzed by surface-enhanced laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry （SELDI-MS） with IMAC30-Cu, CM10, and H50 chips. Each lysate was then separated into six fractions, which were further analyzed by SELDI-MS. Results： RT- PCR analysis showed that PT cells expressed higher levels of MCP-1 than their counterpart NT cells. SELDI-MS analysis showed that the crude protein lysates of all four cell strains produced similar and reproducible protein profiles on IMAC30-Cu and CM 10 chips. Additional SELDI-MS analyses with the fractionated lysates detected three proteins of 11.6 kDa, 14.5 kDa, 22.6 kDa that were upregulated in PT cells and two proteins of 6.3 kDa and 46,9 kDa that were downregulated in PT cells. Conclusion： MCP-1, which is often involved in tissue fibrosis, was expressed at higher levels in PT than that in NT cells. Five potential biomarkers for PD were identified by SELDI-MS analysis. （Asian J Androl 2005 Sep; 7： 237-243）
文摘More than 100 years ago,urology was recognized as an independent specialty.It is a dynamic and rapidly evolving field that plays a critical role in the diagnosis,treatment,and management of a wide range of urologic disorders.Over the past few decades,a splendid range of diagnostic options and therapeutic strategies in urooncology,endourology,female urology,and andrology has emerged.In particular,the explosion in precision medicine in the field of urology has revolutionized the way urologic malignancies are treated,and has led research and discovery on a new journey.
文摘近年来,以能量为标记的机械生物力学对生命现象的影响受到世界科学界的广泛重视,尤其是来自美国麻省理工学院以Phillip A Sharp为首的一批科学家强力倡导,推动该领域的发展。2011年1月4日召开的2011年美国科学促进会年会,明确该领域的发展将成为生命科学的第三次革命,并发表了一份白皮书,提出生命科学、物理学、工程学的融合将会改变我们的世界。
文摘Stem cells hold great promise for regenerative medicine because of their ability to self-renew and to differentiate into various cell types. Although embryonic stem cells （BSC） have greater differentiation potential than adult stem cells, the former is lagging in reaching clinical applications because of ethical concerns and governmental restrictions. Bone marrow stem cells （BMSC） are the best-studied adult stem cells （ASC） and have the potential to treat a wide variety of diseases, including erectile dysfunction （ED） and male infertility. More recently discovered adipose tissuederived stem cells （ADSC） are virtually identical to bone marrow stem cells in differentiation and therapeutic potential, but are easier and safer to obtain, can be harvested in larger quantities, and have the associated benefit of reducing obesity. Therefore, ADSC appear to be a better choice for future clinical applications. We have previously shown that ESC could restore the erectile function of neurogenic ED in rats, and we now have evidence that ADSC could do so as well. We are also investigating whether ADSC can differentiate into Leydig, Sertoli and male germ cells. The eventual goal is to use ADSC to treat male infertility and testosterone deficiency. （Asian JAndrol 2008 Mar; 10： 171-175）
文摘Lower urinary tract diseases are emotionally and finan- cially burdensome to the individual and society.Current treatments are ineffective or symptomatic.Conversely,stem cells(SCs)are regenerative and may offer long-term solutions.Among the different types of SCs,bone marrow SCs(BMSCs)and skeletal muscle-derived SCs(SkMSCs) have received the most attention in pre-clinical and clinical trial studies concerning the lower urinary tract.In particu- lar,clinical trials with SkMSCs for stress urinary inconti- nence have demonstrated impressive efficacy.However,both SkMSCs and BMSCs are difficult to obtain in quantity and therefore neither is optimal for the eventual imple- mentation of SC therapy.On the other hand,adipose tissue-derived SCs(ADSCs)can be easily and abundantly obtained from"discarded"adipose tissue.Moreover,in several head-on comparison studies,ADSCs have demon- strated equal or superior therapeutic potential compared to BMSCs.Therefore,across several different medical dis- ciplines,including urology,ADSC research is gaining wide attention.For the regeneration of bladder tissues,possible differentiation of ADSCs into bladder smooth muscle and epithelial cells has been demonstrated.For the treatment of bladder diseases,specifically hyperlipidemia and associ- ated overactive bladder,ADSCs have also demonstrated efficacy.For the treatment of urethral sphincter dysfunc- tion associated with birth trauma and hormonal deficiency,ADSC therapy was also beneficial.Finally,ADSCs were able to restore erectile function in various types of erectile dysfunction(ED),including those associated with diabe- tes,hyperlipidemia,and nerve injuries.Thus,ADSCs have demonstrated remarkable therapeutic potentials for the lower urinary tract.
文摘1|INTRODUCTION.After few years without in-person meeting during the American Urological Association(AUA)due to COVID-19 pandemic,the world's brightest Chinese urologists and urological researchers gathered again.On May 3,2024,the 16th Annual Meeting of the World Chinese Urological Society(WCUS)was successfully held in San Antonio,USA.This conference attracted Chinese experts and scholars from the field of urology around the world to discuss and share the latest academic achievements and research advancements.This significant event provided an important academic exchange platform for Chinese urology experts globally.
文摘Schwann cells （SCs） are the principal gila of the peripheral nervous system. The end point of SC development is the formation of myelinating and nonmyelinating cells which ensheath large and small diameter axons, respectively. They play an important role in axon regeneration after injury, including cavernous nerve injury that leads to erectile dysfunction （ED）. Despite improvement in radical prostatectomy surgical techniques, many patients still suffer from ED postoperatively as surgical trauma causes traction injuries and local inflammatory changes in the neuronal microenvironment of the autonomic fibers innervating the penis resulting in pathophysiological alterations in the end organ. The aim of this review is to summarize contemporary evidence regarding： （1） the origin and development of SCs in the peripheral and penile nerve system; （2） Wallerian degeneration and SC plastic change following peripheral and penile nerve injury; （3） how SCs promote peripheral and penile nerve regeneration by secreting neurotrophic factors; （4） and strategies targeting SCs to accelerate peripheral nerve regeneration. We searched PubMed for articles related to these topics in both animal models and human research and found numerous studies suggesting that SCs could be a novel target for treatment of nerve injury-induced ED.
基金This article was supported by China Scholarship Council(No.201808420351)。
文摘Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) is a promising therapy that has been increasingly explored in basic research and clinical applications. LIPUS is an appealing therapeutic option as it is a noninvasive treatment that has many advantages, including no risk of infection or tissue damage and no known adverse reactions. LIPUS has been shown to have many benefits including promotion of tissue healing, angiogenesis, and tissue regeneration;inhibition of inflammation and pain relief;and stimulation of cell proliferation and differentiation. The biophysical mechanisms of LIPUS remain unclear and the studies are ongoing. In recent years, more and more research has focused on the relationship between LIPUS and stem/progenitor cells. A comprehensive search of the PubMed and Embase databases to July 2020 was performed. LIPUS has many effects on stem cells. Studies show that LIPUS can stimulate stem cells in vitro;promote stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration;maintain stem cell activity;alleviate the problems of insufficient seed cell source, differentiation, and maturation;and circumvent the low efficiency of stem cell transplantation. The mechanisms involved in the effects of LIPUS are not fully understood, but the effects demonstrated in studies thus far have been favorable. Much additional research is needed before LIPUS can progress from basic science research to large-scale clinical dissemination and application.
文摘San Antonio,May 3,2024—The 16th Annual meeting of the World Chinese Urological Society(WCUS)was successfully held in San Antonio,drawing together experts and scholars from around the globe in the field of Chinese urology.This conference served as a platform for academic exchange,as well as an occasion for medical professionals of Chinese descent to learn from,inspire,and motivate one another.Such events are crucial for advancing research and clinical practice in Chinese urology worldwide,and the success of this conference signals a bright and progressive future for the field.
基金Army,Navy,NIH,Air Force,VA and Health Affairs to support the AFIRM II effort,under Award number W81XWH-13-2-0052,and NIDDK of the National Institutes of Health under award nu 1m ber er 1R01DK105097-01A1The U.S.Army Medical Research Acquisition Activity,820 Chandler Street,Fort Detrick MD 21702-5014。
文摘Peripheral nerve damage,such as that found after surgery or trauma,is a substantial clinical challenge.Much research continues in attempts to improve outcomes after peripheral nerve damage and to promote nerve repair after injury.In recent years,low-intensity pulsed ultrasound(LIPUS)has been studied as a potential method of stimulating peripheral nerve regeneration.In this review,the physiology of peripheral nerve regeneration is reviewed,and the experiments employing LIPUS to improve peripheral nerve regeneration are discussed.Application of LIPUS following nerve surgery may promote nerve regeneration and improve functional outcomes through a variety of proposed mechanisms.These include an increase of neurotrophic factors,Schwann cell(SC)activation,cellular signaling activations,and induction of mitosis.We searched PubMed for articles related to these topics in both in vitro and in vivo animal research models.We found numerous studies,suggesting that LIPUS following nerve surgery promotes nerve regeneration and improves functional outcomes.Based on these findings,LIPUS could be a novel and valuable treatment for nerve injury-induced erectile dysfunction.
文摘Transplanted stem cells （SCs）, owing to their regenerative capacity, represent one of the most promising methods to restore erectile dysfunction （ED）. However, insufficient source, invasive procedures, ethical and regulatory issues hamper their use in clinical applications. The endogenous SCs/progenitor cells resident in organ and tissues play critical roles for organogenesis during development and for tissue homeostasis in adulthood. Even without any therapeutic intervention, human body has a robust self-healing capability to repair the damaged tissues or organs. Therefore, SCs-for-ED therapy should not be limited to a supply-side approach. The resident endogenous SCs existing in patients could also be a potential target for ED therapy. The aim of this review was to summarize contemporary evidence regarding： （1） SC niche and SC biological features in vitro; （2） localization and mobilization of endogenous SCs; （3） existing evidence of penile endogenous SCs and their possible mode of mobilization. We performed a search on PubMed for articles related to these aspects in a wide range of basic studies. Together, numerous evidences hold the promise that endogenous SCs would be a novel therapeutic approach for the therapy of ED.
