传统套装软件(shrink-wrap software,SWS)和软件即服务(software as a service,SaaS)是两种常见的软件交付模式,SWS交付模式下软件可在通用基础上二次开发并部署安装在用户本地服务器上,SaaS交付模式下软件提供商通过互联网将软件应用...传统套装软件(shrink-wrap software,SWS)和软件即服务(software as a service,SaaS)是两种常见的软件交付模式,SWS交付模式下软件可在通用基础上二次开发并部署安装在用户本地服务器上,SaaS交付模式下软件提供商通过互联网将软件应用程序交付给远程的企业用户。本文考虑一个由两家软件提供商和企业用户构成的市场,每个软件提供商都可以选择采用SWS或者SaaS模式向市场提供软件产品,分别研究不考虑软件质量提升(短期视角下)和考虑软件质量提升(长期视角下)时软件提供商的交付模式选择。研究发现,无论在短期视角下还是长期视角下,企业用户需求越统一、SWS模式二次开发成本越高时,提供商越倾向于选择SaaS模式。在长期视角下,当质量提升成本系数适中或较高时,可形成一家提供商独占市场类型均衡或两家提供商都获得正利润的均衡。最后,我们分析了质量提升对提供商、顾客和社会福利的影响。质量提升在大部分参数范围内损害提供商的利润,对顾客和社会福利有利。展开更多
The central nervous system(CNS)is a reservoir of immune privilege.Specialized immune glial cells are responsible for maintenance and defense against foreign invaders.The blood–brain barrier(BBB)prevents detrimental p...The central nervous system(CNS)is a reservoir of immune privilege.Specialized immune glial cells are responsible for maintenance and defense against foreign invaders.The blood–brain barrier(BBB)prevents detrimental pathogens and potentially overreactive immune cells from entering the periphery.When the double-edged neuroinflammatory response is overloaded,it no longer has the protective function of promoting neuroregeneration.Notably,microbiota and its derivatives may emerge as pathogen-associated molecular patterns of brain pathology,causing microbiome–gut–brain axis dysregulation from the bottom-up.When dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal flora leads to subsequent alterations in BBB permeability,peripheral immune cells are recruited to the brain.This results in amplification of neuroinflammatory circuits in the brain,which eventually leads to specific neurological disorders.Aggressive treatment strategies for gastrointestinal disorders may protect against specific immune responses to gastrointestinal disorders,which can lead to potential protective effects in the CNS.Accordingly,this study investigated the mutual effects of microbiota and the gut–brain axis,which may provide targeting strategies for future disease treatment.展开更多
Numerous literature has reported that polysaccharides-based cosmetics present multifunctional effects in skin moisturizing for protecting the skin barrier.The aim of this study is to investigate the physicochemical pr...Numerous literature has reported that polysaccharides-based cosmetics present multifunctional effects in skin moisturizing for protecting the skin barrier.The aim of this study is to investigate the physicochemical properties,purities,composition and cellular functions of polysaccharides extracted from the bulb of Narcissus tazetta var.chinensis(NBP)and to evaluate its efficacy evaluation on skin moisture,elasticity,allergies and inflammation.The polysaccharides were obtained from the Narcissus tazetta bulb by using cold water extraction and ethanol precipitation methods.The residual impurities,polysaccharides molecular weight and composition were analyzed by UV spectrophotometry,gel chromatography,high performance liquid chromatography and infrared spectroscopy;skin hydration and elasticity assay were analyzed following efficacy evalution on human body;laboratory test was used to evaluate histamine and nitric oxide(NO)activity.The results indicate that a yield of 6%(w/w)of NBP,show that the NBP does not contain starch,protein,colchicine,lycorine,etc.,The average molecular weight of NBP is 559 kDa,and is composed of mannose and glucose,n(mannose):n(glucose)=4:1.0.5%NBP can increase skin hydration and elasticity assay on human body.The NBP is non-cytotoxic,in the basophils RBL-2H3 cell model tests,NBP concentrations at 100~250μg/mL can effectively inhibit the release of histamine,and the NBP concentrations 600~1000μg/mL can significantly inhibit LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells which are showed dose-responsive effects.These findings demonstrate that the NBP prepared in the study could offer potent skin protection,preserving hydration and elasticity,while also providing anti-allergy and anti-inflammatory properties.It can,therefore,be considered an excellent candidate for polysaccharide-based cosmetics.展开更多
Video-based action recognition is becoming a vital tool in clinical research and neuroscientific study for disorder detection and prediction.However,action recognition currently used in non-human primate(NHP)research ...Video-based action recognition is becoming a vital tool in clinical research and neuroscientific study for disorder detection and prediction.However,action recognition currently used in non-human primate(NHP)research relies heavily on intense manual labor and lacks standardized assessment.In this work,we established two standard benchmark datasets of NHPs in the laboratory:Monkeyin Lab(Mi L),which includes 13 categories of actions and postures,and MiL2D,which includes sequences of two-dimensional(2D)skeleton features.Furthermore,based on recent methodological advances in deep learning and skeleton visualization,we introduced the Monkey Monitor Kit(Mon Kit)toolbox for automatic action recognition,posture estimation,and identification of fine motor activity in monkeys.Using the datasets and Mon Kit,we evaluated the daily behaviors of wild-type cynomolgus monkeys within their home cages and experimental environments and compared these observations with the behaviors exhibited by cynomolgus monkeys possessing mutations in the MECP2 gene as a disease model of Rett syndrome(RTT).Mon Kit was used to assess motor function,stereotyped behaviors,and depressive phenotypes,with the outcomes compared with human manual detection.Mon Kit established consistent criteria for identifying behavior in NHPs with high accuracy and efficiency,thus providing a novel and comprehensive tool for assessing phenotypic behavior in monkeys.展开更多
文摘传统套装软件(shrink-wrap software,SWS)和软件即服务(software as a service,SaaS)是两种常见的软件交付模式,SWS交付模式下软件可在通用基础上二次开发并部署安装在用户本地服务器上,SaaS交付模式下软件提供商通过互联网将软件应用程序交付给远程的企业用户。本文考虑一个由两家软件提供商和企业用户构成的市场,每个软件提供商都可以选择采用SWS或者SaaS模式向市场提供软件产品,分别研究不考虑软件质量提升(短期视角下)和考虑软件质量提升(长期视角下)时软件提供商的交付模式选择。研究发现,无论在短期视角下还是长期视角下,企业用户需求越统一、SWS模式二次开发成本越高时,提供商越倾向于选择SaaS模式。在长期视角下,当质量提升成本系数适中或较高时,可形成一家提供商独占市场类型均衡或两家提供商都获得正利润的均衡。最后,我们分析了质量提升对提供商、顾客和社会福利的影响。质量提升在大部分参数范围内损害提供商的利润,对顾客和社会福利有利。
文摘The central nervous system(CNS)is a reservoir of immune privilege.Specialized immune glial cells are responsible for maintenance and defense against foreign invaders.The blood–brain barrier(BBB)prevents detrimental pathogens and potentially overreactive immune cells from entering the periphery.When the double-edged neuroinflammatory response is overloaded,it no longer has the protective function of promoting neuroregeneration.Notably,microbiota and its derivatives may emerge as pathogen-associated molecular patterns of brain pathology,causing microbiome–gut–brain axis dysregulation from the bottom-up.When dysbiosis of the gastrointestinal flora leads to subsequent alterations in BBB permeability,peripheral immune cells are recruited to the brain.This results in amplification of neuroinflammatory circuits in the brain,which eventually leads to specific neurological disorders.Aggressive treatment strategies for gastrointestinal disorders may protect against specific immune responses to gastrointestinal disorders,which can lead to potential protective effects in the CNS.Accordingly,this study investigated the mutual effects of microbiota and the gut–brain axis,which may provide targeting strategies for future disease treatment.
基金Fujian Provincial Foreign Cooperation Project of Science and Technology Plan(Project No.:202111010)。
文摘Numerous literature has reported that polysaccharides-based cosmetics present multifunctional effects in skin moisturizing for protecting the skin barrier.The aim of this study is to investigate the physicochemical properties,purities,composition and cellular functions of polysaccharides extracted from the bulb of Narcissus tazetta var.chinensis(NBP)and to evaluate its efficacy evaluation on skin moisture,elasticity,allergies and inflammation.The polysaccharides were obtained from the Narcissus tazetta bulb by using cold water extraction and ethanol precipitation methods.The residual impurities,polysaccharides molecular weight and composition were analyzed by UV spectrophotometry,gel chromatography,high performance liquid chromatography and infrared spectroscopy;skin hydration and elasticity assay were analyzed following efficacy evalution on human body;laboratory test was used to evaluate histamine and nitric oxide(NO)activity.The results indicate that a yield of 6%(w/w)of NBP,show that the NBP does not contain starch,protein,colchicine,lycorine,etc.,The average molecular weight of NBP is 559 kDa,and is composed of mannose and glucose,n(mannose):n(glucose)=4:1.0.5%NBP can increase skin hydration and elasticity assay on human body.The NBP is non-cytotoxic,in the basophils RBL-2H3 cell model tests,NBP concentrations at 100~250μg/mL can effectively inhibit the release of histamine,and the NBP concentrations 600~1000μg/mL can significantly inhibit LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells which are showed dose-responsive effects.These findings demonstrate that the NBP prepared in the study could offer potent skin protection,preserving hydration and elasticity,while also providing anti-allergy and anti-inflammatory properties.It can,therefore,be considered an excellent candidate for polysaccharide-based cosmetics.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2021ZD0202805,2019YFA0709504,2021ZD0200900)National Defense Science and Technology Innovation Special Zone Spark Project (20-163-00-TS-009-152-01)+4 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (31900719,U20A20227,82125008)Innovative Research Team of High-level Local Universities in Shanghai,Science and Technology Committee Rising-Star Program (19QA1401400)111 Project (B18015)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Major Project (2018SHZDZX01)Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology。
文摘Video-based action recognition is becoming a vital tool in clinical research and neuroscientific study for disorder detection and prediction.However,action recognition currently used in non-human primate(NHP)research relies heavily on intense manual labor and lacks standardized assessment.In this work,we established two standard benchmark datasets of NHPs in the laboratory:Monkeyin Lab(Mi L),which includes 13 categories of actions and postures,and MiL2D,which includes sequences of two-dimensional(2D)skeleton features.Furthermore,based on recent methodological advances in deep learning and skeleton visualization,we introduced the Monkey Monitor Kit(Mon Kit)toolbox for automatic action recognition,posture estimation,and identification of fine motor activity in monkeys.Using the datasets and Mon Kit,we evaluated the daily behaviors of wild-type cynomolgus monkeys within their home cages and experimental environments and compared these observations with the behaviors exhibited by cynomolgus monkeys possessing mutations in the MECP2 gene as a disease model of Rett syndrome(RTT).Mon Kit was used to assess motor function,stereotyped behaviors,and depressive phenotypes,with the outcomes compared with human manual detection.Mon Kit established consistent criteria for identifying behavior in NHPs with high accuracy and efficiency,thus providing a novel and comprehensive tool for assessing phenotypic behavior in monkeys.
