After the Morakot disaster in 2009, the affected indigenous tribes suffered from the government’s use of permanent housing as a single reconstruction option, which forced the victims to leave their original land for ...After the Morakot disaster in 2009, the affected indigenous tribes suffered from the government’s use of permanent housing as a single reconstruction option, which forced the victims to leave their original land for a new life in a different reconstruction mode. The purpose of this study is to explore the ways adopted by tribal residents to maintain their own culture and tribal life in the process of disaster, post disaster reconstruction and post disaster adjustment. Veoveoana Village in Taiwan is an indigenous tribe that relocated after a disaster and was reconstructed and developed through tourism development. This study performed the research by participant observation and in-depth interviews on Veoveoana Village. The analytical results showed that: 1) development of the tourism industry can result in cultural reconstruction of the post-disaster tribe and maintain the people’s incomes;2) although the government constantly assists with the rehabilitation of tribal industry by various policies, the implementation cannot effectively continue and the outcome is insignificant;3) due to the gap between permanent prefabricated housing and original tribal cultural features, the residential rate is not high. According to the research findings, it is suggested that, in the process of post-disaster reconstruction, the government and private non-profit organizations should respect the intention of the majority of the indigenous people. In addition, it should cultivate professional manpower for the subsidized projects.展开更多
The two coupled governing differential equations for the out-of-plane vibrations of non-uniform beams with variable curvature are derived via the Hamilton’s principle.These equations are expressed in terms of flexura...The two coupled governing differential equations for the out-of-plane vibrations of non-uniform beams with variable curvature are derived via the Hamilton’s principle.These equations are expressed in terms of flexural and torsional displacements simultaneously.In this study,the analytical method is proposed.Firstly,two physical parameters are introduced to simplify the analysis.One derives the explicit relations between the flexural and the torsional displacements which can also be used to reduce the difficulty in experimental measurements.Based on the relation,the two governing characteristic differential equations with variable coefficients can be uncoupled into a sixth-order ordinary differential equation in terms of the flexural displacement only.When the material and geometric properties of the beam are in arbitrary polynomial forms,the exact solutions with regard to the outof-plane vibrations of non-uniform beams with variable curvature can be obtained by the recurrence formula.In addition,the mode transition mechanism is revealed and the influence of several parameters on the vibration of the non-uniform beam with variable curvature is explored.展开更多
We demonstrate the design of a novel voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), which is based on a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOS) differential amplifier with active load. This VCO achieves low phas...We demonstrate the design of a novel voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), which is based on a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOS) differential amplifier with active load. This VCO achieves low phase noise and wide tuning range. The phase noise is –120 dBc/Hz at 600 KHz offset from a 1.216 GHz carrier frequency. This value is comparable to that of a LC-based integrated oscillator. The operating frequency can be tuned from 117 MHz to 1.216 GHz with the supply voltage varying from 1.3 V to 3.3 V. Therefore, the tuning range is about 90.38% which is larger than most of the LC and ring oscillator. The VCO circuit, which is constructed using a standard 0.35 μm CMOS technology, occupies only 26.25 × 7.52 μm2 die area and dissipated 10.56 mW under a 3.3 V supply voltage.展开更多
Multi-protocol label switching(MPLS) has the advantage of high efficiency in the second layer, which improves the performance of data packets routing. In this paper, a new structure to implement optical MPLS is prop...Multi-protocol label switching(MPLS) has the advantage of high efficiency in the second layer, which improves the performance of data packets routing. In this paper, a new structure to implement optical MPLS is proposed. We construct a code family for spectral-amplitude coding(SAC) labels in the optical MPLS networks. SAC labels are suitable for optical packet switching because they can be constructed and recognized quickly at each router. We use the label stacking to provide hierarchical routing to avoid swapping labels at each forwarding node and reduce system complexity. However, the phase-induced intensity noise(PIIN) appears due to the incoherent property of the light source when the stacked labels set makes the correlation decoding with the local node label,which degrades system performance.展开更多
A conjugate gradient method (CGM) based on the inverse algorithm is used to estimate the unknown fouling-layer profile on the inner wall of a pipe system using simulated temperature measurements taken within the pip...A conjugate gradient method (CGM) based on the inverse algorithm is used to estimate the unknown fouling-layer profile on the inner wall of a pipe system using simulated temperature measurements taken within the pipe wall. It is assumed that no prior information is available about the functional form of the unknown profile. Therefore, the procedure is classified as the function estimation in inverse calculation. The temperature data obtained from the direct problem are used to simulate the temperature measurements. The accuracy of the inverse analysis is examined using the simulated exact and inexact temperature measurements. The results show that the excellent estimation of the fouling-layer profile can be obtained for the test case considered in this study. The technique presented in this study can be used in a warning system to call for pipe maintenance when the thickness of fouling exceeds a predefined criterion.展开更多
As a cutting tool,diamond films made by chemical vapor deposition(CVD) outperformed polycrystalline diamond(PCD) sintered under ultrahigh pressure.For example,the longevity of the CVD tools may be 2~5 times that of P...As a cutting tool,diamond films made by chemical vapor deposition(CVD) outperformed polycrystalline diamond(PCD) sintered under ultrahigh pressure.For example,the longevity of the CVD tools may be 2~5 times that of PCD inserts.In addition,the former cutting paths are strainghter with less chipping on the edge.However,there have been no report on CVD diamond films that were used as a roller scriber for splitting large glass panels.Our research demonstrated that the CVD diamond film could concentrate the energy in a smaller area(about 1/4),so the glass compressed by the tip of the diamond film was under a larger tensile stress in perpendicular to the direction of compression.The tensile stress then initiated the microcracks that were more in line with the direction of the compression. The reason that CVD diamond film could concentrate the compressive stress was due to its 100%diamond content.The high diamond content could allow the tip to be polished sharper.In contrast,the PCD cutting tip contained micro grains of cobalt that were softer than glass.As a result,the compressional stress was spreading out due to the larger area of contact.Consequently,the microcracks initiated at the PCD tip were random and they might not propagate along the direction of cutting.展开更多
One fiber radio scheme using shifted prime codes for interference elimination is proposed for optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) network. By taking advantage of the cyclic property of the shifted prime code...One fiber radio scheme using shifted prime codes for interference elimination is proposed for optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) network. By taking advantage of the cyclic property of the shifted prime codes in the same code groups, the proposed compact decoder is low cost and suitable to be used in the task manager node in the applications of wireless sensor networks. The performance comparison for sev-eral OCDMA-based fiber radio networks is also given to clarify the advantage of the proposed one.展开更多
This paper presents a small power generation system motivated by a coreless stator AFPM (Axial Flux Permanent Magnet) generator which is driven by the rooftop ventilator. The generator consists of discs for the rotor ...This paper presents a small power generation system motivated by a coreless stator AFPM (Axial Flux Permanent Magnet) generator which is driven by the rooftop ventilator. The generator consists of discs for the rotor and the stator geometry. The stator disc is sandwiched between two rotor discs and the magnets in the two opposite rotor discs may be placed N-S arrangements. Since there is no silicon steel inside the coils, we should eliminate the magnetic pulling force between the rotors and the stators. When the ventilator rotates, the flux of the permanent magnet rotors part move across the air gap and induces the emf in the coreless coils. After that, the ac voltage is rectified to dc voltage and finally charged to the 12 V 5 Ahr battery for household appliances. To analyze the magnetic circuit, the finite element analysis was used to simulate the magnetic flux density in the AFPM generator. The test is operated in electrical machines laboratory and essentially to determine the characteristics of prototype generator. Based on the experiments, the results of the output voltage can achieve 103 V with no-load, and 20 V on 100 Ω resistive loads at the speed of 200 rpm. For the results after installing the generator on the roof of a building to charge the 12 V battery, the minimum wind speed for enough charging to battery is at 10 rpm. Furthermore, the prototyped of the generator is relatively small and cheap. After the fabrication and testing of the prototype, this system has been proved feasible for practical application.展开更多
This investigation presents thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) based on poly (styrene-butadiene-styrene) (SBS) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) materials were prepared with varying compositions. A series of works wer...This investigation presents thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) based on poly (styrene-butadiene-styrene) (SBS) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) materials were prepared with varying compositions. A series of works were conducted on the relationships between rheological, optical properties, morphology, mechanical properties, abrasion resistance and thermostability given. The results showed that the shear viscosity of SBS not obvious effect with TPU content. The optical properties of the SBS/TPU blend that its uniform transparency. The morphology characteristics indicating the phase diversion and the variation in the size of the SBS domains from large to small as the TPU contents increased, with heterogeneous domain dispersions. Additionally, the mechanical properties, abrasion resistance and thermal resistance are improved as the amount of added TPU is increased, suggesting that the blending of SBS with TPU is consistent with the compound rule.展开更多
A simple, low cost method for mass production to enhance the light extraction efficiency of GaN-related LEDs was proposed. With appropriate process parameters, the nature lithography of nanosphere can be used to fabri...A simple, low cost method for mass production to enhance the light extraction efficiency of GaN-related LEDs was proposed. With appropriate process parameters, the nature lithography of nanosphere can be used to fabricate two-dimensional nanostructures, including the nanomesh ZnO layer, photonic crystal (PhC) patterned p-GaN, and patterned sapphire substrates. Based on preliminary results, the extraction efficiencies of LEDs with these nanostructures can thus be improved and the nature lithography is demonstrated to be a promising method to be widely exploited in the manufacture of all kinds of LED devices.展开更多
Amorphous materials have recently gained much attention as electrode materials in supercapacitor application due to the presence of larger amount active sites which can efficiently increase the storage capacity of the...Amorphous materials have recently gained much attention as electrode materials in supercapacitor application due to the presence of larger amount active sites which can efficiently increase the storage capacity of the materials.Nano engineering is an elegant approach to fully utilize the advantages of the amorphous structure.Moreover,large surface area and high conductivity of reduced graphene oxide(RGO)can efficiently increase the storage capacity of the system.Exploiting this idea,in the present work,we have successfully synthesized amorphous MoS2 of two different sizes on reduced graphene oxide and thoroughly investigated the supercapacitor behavior of the system.The specific capacitance of the composite structures has been found to be largely increased with decreasing size of the amorphous nano particle.The specific capacitance of amorphous MoS2-RGO composite containing nearly 50 nm of MoS2 found to be 270 F/g whereas when the particle size is reduced to 5–7 nm,value of specific capacitance increases to 460 F/g.The large increase in specific capacitance with the tuning of the size of amorphous nano particle has been explained by the presence of a large number of active sulfur edges of ultra-small MoS2 nano structure along with the better charge transport which can effectively increase the storage capacity of the overall system.The retention in the capacitance of the material has been found to be 90%after 5000 cycles.展开更多
Pd77Cu6Si17(PCS) thin film metallic glasses(TFMGs) with high glass forming ability and hardness were selected as a hard coating for improving the surface hardness of AZ31 magnesium alloy. Both microindentation and nan...Pd77Cu6Si17(PCS) thin film metallic glasses(TFMGs) with high glass forming ability and hardness were selected as a hard coating for improving the surface hardness of AZ31 magnesium alloy. Both microindentation and nanoindentation tests were conducted on specimens with various PCS film thicknesses from 30 to 2000 nm. The apparent hardness and the relative indentation depth(β) were integrated using a quantitative model. The interaction parameters involved and relative hardness values were extracted from iterative calculations. According to the results, surface hardness can be enhanced greatly by PCS TFMGs in the shallow region, followed by gradual decrease with increasing β ratio. In addition, specimens with thinner coatings(e.g., 200nm) showed greater substrate-film interaction and those with thick coatings(e.g., 2000nm) became prone to film cracking. The optimum TFMG coating thickness in this study was estimated to be around 200 nm.展开更多
A new methacrylamide monomer, hexylamine methacrylamide (MAHA), was synthesized and used in polymerizations. The homopolymer of MAHA and its copolymers were synthesized by free radical polymerization techniques with...A new methacrylamide monomer, hexylamine methacrylamide (MAHA), was synthesized and used in polymerizations. The homopolymer of MAHA and its copolymers were synthesized by free radical polymerization techniques with N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) in two different compositions. The quatemization of the homopolymer and copolymers were carried out using 1-bromopropane. The copolymers with NIPAAm and a low MAHA content showed temperature-responsive behavior in an aqueous environment. The lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) of these polymers varied between 32℃ and 44℃. The LCSTs of quatemized copolymers were higher than those of neutral copolymers because they were more hydrophilic. The obtained homopolymers and copolymers were tested for antibacterial activities against S. aureus and E. coli. The quatemized water-soluble copolymers showed antibacterial activities against S. aureus. The quaternization resulted in the synthesis of both antibacterial and temperature-responsive copolymers.展开更多
文摘After the Morakot disaster in 2009, the affected indigenous tribes suffered from the government’s use of permanent housing as a single reconstruction option, which forced the victims to leave their original land for a new life in a different reconstruction mode. The purpose of this study is to explore the ways adopted by tribal residents to maintain their own culture and tribal life in the process of disaster, post disaster reconstruction and post disaster adjustment. Veoveoana Village in Taiwan is an indigenous tribe that relocated after a disaster and was reconstructed and developed through tourism development. This study performed the research by participant observation and in-depth interviews on Veoveoana Village. The analytical results showed that: 1) development of the tourism industry can result in cultural reconstruction of the post-disaster tribe and maintain the people’s incomes;2) although the government constantly assists with the rehabilitation of tribal industry by various policies, the implementation cannot effectively continue and the outcome is insignificant;3) due to the gap between permanent prefabricated housing and original tribal cultural features, the residential rate is not high. According to the research findings, it is suggested that, in the process of post-disaster reconstruction, the government and private non-profit organizations should respect the intention of the majority of the indigenous people. In addition, it should cultivate professional manpower for the subsidized projects.
文摘The two coupled governing differential equations for the out-of-plane vibrations of non-uniform beams with variable curvature are derived via the Hamilton’s principle.These equations are expressed in terms of flexural and torsional displacements simultaneously.In this study,the analytical method is proposed.Firstly,two physical parameters are introduced to simplify the analysis.One derives the explicit relations between the flexural and the torsional displacements which can also be used to reduce the difficulty in experimental measurements.Based on the relation,the two governing characteristic differential equations with variable coefficients can be uncoupled into a sixth-order ordinary differential equation in terms of the flexural displacement only.When the material and geometric properties of the beam are in arbitrary polynomial forms,the exact solutions with regard to the outof-plane vibrations of non-uniform beams with variable curvature can be obtained by the recurrence formula.In addition,the mode transition mechanism is revealed and the influence of several parameters on the vibration of the non-uniform beam with variable curvature is explored.
文摘We demonstrate the design of a novel voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO), which is based on a metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOS) differential amplifier with active load. This VCO achieves low phase noise and wide tuning range. The phase noise is –120 dBc/Hz at 600 KHz offset from a 1.216 GHz carrier frequency. This value is comparable to that of a LC-based integrated oscillator. The operating frequency can be tuned from 117 MHz to 1.216 GHz with the supply voltage varying from 1.3 V to 3.3 V. Therefore, the tuning range is about 90.38% which is larger than most of the LC and ring oscillator. The VCO circuit, which is constructed using a standard 0.35 μm CMOS technology, occupies only 26.25 × 7.52 μm2 die area and dissipated 10.56 mW under a 3.3 V supply voltage.
文摘Multi-protocol label switching(MPLS) has the advantage of high efficiency in the second layer, which improves the performance of data packets routing. In this paper, a new structure to implement optical MPLS is proposed. We construct a code family for spectral-amplitude coding(SAC) labels in the optical MPLS networks. SAC labels are suitable for optical packet switching because they can be constructed and recognized quickly at each router. We use the label stacking to provide hierarchical routing to avoid swapping labels at each forwarding node and reduce system complexity. However, the phase-induced intensity noise(PIIN) appears due to the incoherent property of the light source when the stacked labels set makes the correlation decoding with the local node label,which degrades system performance.
基金Project supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan of China(No.NSC 97-2221-E-168-039)
文摘A conjugate gradient method (CGM) based on the inverse algorithm is used to estimate the unknown fouling-layer profile on the inner wall of a pipe system using simulated temperature measurements taken within the pipe wall. It is assumed that no prior information is available about the functional form of the unknown profile. Therefore, the procedure is classified as the function estimation in inverse calculation. The temperature data obtained from the direct problem are used to simulate the temperature measurements. The accuracy of the inverse analysis is examined using the simulated exact and inexact temperature measurements. The results show that the excellent estimation of the fouling-layer profile can be obtained for the test case considered in this study. The technique presented in this study can be used in a warning system to call for pipe maintenance when the thickness of fouling exceeds a predefined criterion.
文摘As a cutting tool,diamond films made by chemical vapor deposition(CVD) outperformed polycrystalline diamond(PCD) sintered under ultrahigh pressure.For example,the longevity of the CVD tools may be 2~5 times that of PCD inserts.In addition,the former cutting paths are strainghter with less chipping on the edge.However,there have been no report on CVD diamond films that were used as a roller scriber for splitting large glass panels.Our research demonstrated that the CVD diamond film could concentrate the energy in a smaller area(about 1/4),so the glass compressed by the tip of the diamond film was under a larger tensile stress in perpendicular to the direction of compression.The tensile stress then initiated the microcracks that were more in line with the direction of the compression. The reason that CVD diamond film could concentrate the compressive stress was due to its 100%diamond content.The high diamond content could allow the tip to be polished sharper.In contrast,the PCD cutting tip contained micro grains of cobalt that were softer than glass.As a result,the compressional stress was spreading out due to the larger area of contact.Consequently,the microcracks initiated at the PCD tip were random and they might not propagate along the direction of cutting.
文摘One fiber radio scheme using shifted prime codes for interference elimination is proposed for optical code-division multiple-access (OCDMA) network. By taking advantage of the cyclic property of the shifted prime codes in the same code groups, the proposed compact decoder is low cost and suitable to be used in the task manager node in the applications of wireless sensor networks. The performance comparison for sev-eral OCDMA-based fiber radio networks is also given to clarify the advantage of the proposed one.
文摘This paper presents a small power generation system motivated by a coreless stator AFPM (Axial Flux Permanent Magnet) generator which is driven by the rooftop ventilator. The generator consists of discs for the rotor and the stator geometry. The stator disc is sandwiched between two rotor discs and the magnets in the two opposite rotor discs may be placed N-S arrangements. Since there is no silicon steel inside the coils, we should eliminate the magnetic pulling force between the rotors and the stators. When the ventilator rotates, the flux of the permanent magnet rotors part move across the air gap and induces the emf in the coreless coils. After that, the ac voltage is rectified to dc voltage and finally charged to the 12 V 5 Ahr battery for household appliances. To analyze the magnetic circuit, the finite element analysis was used to simulate the magnetic flux density in the AFPM generator. The test is operated in electrical machines laboratory and essentially to determine the characteristics of prototype generator. Based on the experiments, the results of the output voltage can achieve 103 V with no-load, and 20 V on 100 Ω resistive loads at the speed of 200 rpm. For the results after installing the generator on the roof of a building to charge the 12 V battery, the minimum wind speed for enough charging to battery is at 10 rpm. Furthermore, the prototyped of the generator is relatively small and cheap. After the fabrication and testing of the prototype, this system has been proved feasible for practical application.
文摘This investigation presents thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) based on poly (styrene-butadiene-styrene) (SBS) and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) materials were prepared with varying compositions. A series of works were conducted on the relationships between rheological, optical properties, morphology, mechanical properties, abrasion resistance and thermostability given. The results showed that the shear viscosity of SBS not obvious effect with TPU content. The optical properties of the SBS/TPU blend that its uniform transparency. The morphology characteristics indicating the phase diversion and the variation in the size of the SBS domains from large to small as the TPU contents increased, with heterogeneous domain dispersions. Additionally, the mechanical properties, abrasion resistance and thermal resistance are improved as the amount of added TPU is increased, suggesting that the blending of SBS with TPU is consistent with the compound rule.
基金the "National" Science Council for finan-cially supporting this research under contract No. NSC 96-2221-E-006-079-MY3 and NSC 98-2218-E-006-005-MY2supported by TDPA program (Grant No. TDPA 97-EC-17-A-07-S1-105)
文摘A simple, low cost method for mass production to enhance the light extraction efficiency of GaN-related LEDs was proposed. With appropriate process parameters, the nature lithography of nanosphere can be used to fabricate two-dimensional nanostructures, including the nanomesh ZnO layer, photonic crystal (PhC) patterned p-GaN, and patterned sapphire substrates. Based on preliminary results, the extraction efficiencies of LEDs with these nanostructures can thus be improved and the nature lithography is demonstrated to be a promising method to be widely exploited in the manufacture of all kinds of LED devices.
基金Scientific and Industrial Research(CSIR)DST-INSPIRE,Saptasree Bose+4 种基金Indian Association for The Cultivation of Science(IACS)for awarding their fellowshipsWest Bengal DST FISTCentral DST FIST programs for financial assistanceIACSDepartment of Science and Technology(DST),Govt.of India for infrastructural facilities.
文摘Amorphous materials have recently gained much attention as electrode materials in supercapacitor application due to the presence of larger amount active sites which can efficiently increase the storage capacity of the materials.Nano engineering is an elegant approach to fully utilize the advantages of the amorphous structure.Moreover,large surface area and high conductivity of reduced graphene oxide(RGO)can efficiently increase the storage capacity of the system.Exploiting this idea,in the present work,we have successfully synthesized amorphous MoS2 of two different sizes on reduced graphene oxide and thoroughly investigated the supercapacitor behavior of the system.The specific capacitance of the composite structures has been found to be largely increased with decreasing size of the amorphous nano particle.The specific capacitance of amorphous MoS2-RGO composite containing nearly 50 nm of MoS2 found to be 270 F/g whereas when the particle size is reduced to 5–7 nm,value of specific capacitance increases to 460 F/g.The large increase in specific capacitance with the tuning of the size of amorphous nano particle has been explained by the presence of a large number of active sulfur edges of ultra-small MoS2 nano structure along with the better charge transport which can effectively increase the storage capacity of the overall system.The retention in the capacitance of the material has been found to be 90%after 5000 cycles.
基金Project(No.NSC 98-2221-E-110-035-MY3) supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan
文摘Pd77Cu6Si17(PCS) thin film metallic glasses(TFMGs) with high glass forming ability and hardness were selected as a hard coating for improving the surface hardness of AZ31 magnesium alloy. Both microindentation and nanoindentation tests were conducted on specimens with various PCS film thicknesses from 30 to 2000 nm. The apparent hardness and the relative indentation depth(β) were integrated using a quantitative model. The interaction parameters involved and relative hardness values were extracted from iterative calculations. According to the results, surface hardness can be enhanced greatly by PCS TFMGs in the shallow region, followed by gradual decrease with increasing β ratio. In addition, specimens with thinner coatings(e.g., 200nm) showed greater substrate-film interaction and those with thick coatings(e.g., 2000nm) became prone to film cracking. The optimum TFMG coating thickness in this study was estimated to be around 200 nm.
基金supported by the National Science Council of Taiwan(Grant NSC 96-2815-C-168-002-E)
文摘A new methacrylamide monomer, hexylamine methacrylamide (MAHA), was synthesized and used in polymerizations. The homopolymer of MAHA and its copolymers were synthesized by free radical polymerization techniques with N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAAm) in two different compositions. The quatemization of the homopolymer and copolymers were carried out using 1-bromopropane. The copolymers with NIPAAm and a low MAHA content showed temperature-responsive behavior in an aqueous environment. The lower critical solution temperatures (LCSTs) of these polymers varied between 32℃ and 44℃. The LCSTs of quatemized copolymers were higher than those of neutral copolymers because they were more hydrophilic. The obtained homopolymers and copolymers were tested for antibacterial activities against S. aureus and E. coli. The quatemized water-soluble copolymers showed antibacterial activities against S. aureus. The quaternization resulted in the synthesis of both antibacterial and temperature-responsive copolymers.