Soft rot disease caused by Pectobacterium spp.is responsible for severe agricultural losses in potato,vegetables,and ornamentals.The genus Zantedeschia includes two botanical groups of tuberous ornamental flowers that...Soft rot disease caused by Pectobacterium spp.is responsible for severe agricultural losses in potato,vegetables,and ornamentals.The genus Zantedeschia includes two botanical groups of tuberous ornamental flowers that are highly susceptible to the disease.Previous studies revealed that Z.aethiopica,a member of the section Zantedeschia,is signi ficantly more resistant to Pectobacterium spp.than members of the same genus that belong to the section Aestivae.During early infection,we found different patterns of bacterial colonization on leaves of hosts belonging to the different sections.Similar patterns of bacterial colonization were observed on polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)arti fi cial inert replicas of leaf surfaces.The replicas con fi rmed the physical effect of leaf texture,in addition to a biochemical plant-bacterium interaction.The differential patterns may be associated with the greater roughness of the abaxial leaf surfaces of Aestivae group that have evolutionarily adapted to mountainous environments,as compared to Zantedeschia group species that have adapted to warm,marshy environments.Transverse leafsections also revealed compact aerenchyma and reduced the total volume of leaf tissue air spaces in Aestivae members.Finally,an analysis ofdefense marker genes revealed differential expression patterns in response to infection,with signi ficantly higher levels of lipoxygenase 2(lox 2)and phenylalanine ammonia lyase(pal)observed in the more resistant Z.aethiopica,suggesting greater activation of induced systemic resistance(ISR)mechanisms in this group.The use of Zantedeschia as a model plant sheds light on how natural ecological adaptations may underlay resistance to bacterial soft rot in cultivated agricultural environments.展开更多
The addition of biochar,sodium silicate,or earthworm is a feasible practice to repair soils disturbed by mining activities,and the reclamation is largely based on the alteration of the diversity and structure of soil ...The addition of biochar,sodium silicate,or earthworm is a feasible practice to repair soils disturbed by mining activities,and the reclamation is largely based on the alteration of the diversity and structure of soil bacteria.The objectives of this study were to assess the relative importance of these supplements on soil bacterial community diversity and structure in reclaimed mine areas.A field experiment with soybean was carried out in mining areas to assess the efficiency of nitrogen,phospho-rus and potassium(NPK)fertilizers plus those supplements on soil bacterial community structure and diversity by the 16S rRNA sequencing method.Soil chemical properties were analyzed to their effects on the bacterial community structure.The results showed that the application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium(NPK)fertilizers significantly increased bacterial diversity,and a further increase was observed in NPK plus biochar,sodium silicate or earthworm addition.Furthermore,a higher number of genera were found in the NPK plus biochar and NPK plus earthworm treatments than that in the control,NPK and NPK plus sodium silicate treatments.The bacterial community was significantly associated with nutrients,such as carbon(C)and nitrogen(N).Moreover,soil organic carbon(SOC)and pH were the most dominant factors in shaping the soil bacterial community structure and diversity.Our data indicate that the addition of earthworms to soil rather than biochar and sodium silicate was the best strategy to mitigate the detrimental effects of mining activities on soil bacterial diversity.展开更多
基金the Chief Scientist of the Israeli Ministry of Agriculture(Grant No.20-01-0193).
文摘Soft rot disease caused by Pectobacterium spp.is responsible for severe agricultural losses in potato,vegetables,and ornamentals.The genus Zantedeschia includes two botanical groups of tuberous ornamental flowers that are highly susceptible to the disease.Previous studies revealed that Z.aethiopica,a member of the section Zantedeschia,is signi ficantly more resistant to Pectobacterium spp.than members of the same genus that belong to the section Aestivae.During early infection,we found different patterns of bacterial colonization on leaves of hosts belonging to the different sections.Similar patterns of bacterial colonization were observed on polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)arti fi cial inert replicas of leaf surfaces.The replicas con fi rmed the physical effect of leaf texture,in addition to a biochemical plant-bacterium interaction.The differential patterns may be associated with the greater roughness of the abaxial leaf surfaces of Aestivae group that have evolutionarily adapted to mountainous environments,as compared to Zantedeschia group species that have adapted to warm,marshy environments.Transverse leafsections also revealed compact aerenchyma and reduced the total volume of leaf tissue air spaces in Aestivae members.Finally,an analysis ofdefense marker genes revealed differential expression patterns in response to infection,with signi ficantly higher levels of lipoxygenase 2(lox 2)and phenylalanine ammonia lyase(pal)observed in the more resistant Z.aethiopica,suggesting greater activation of induced systemic resistance(ISR)mechanisms in this group.The use of Zantedeschia as a model plant sheds light on how natural ecological adaptations may underlay resistance to bacterial soft rot in cultivated agricultural environments.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[31700091]National Key R&D Program of China[2017YFD0101500]+2 种基金The Central Government Forestry Science and Technology Promotion and Demonstration Projects[(2015)GDTK-08]Guangdong Forestry Science and Technology Innovation Project[2017KJCX033]the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province[2015A020209139,2015B020207002].
文摘The addition of biochar,sodium silicate,or earthworm is a feasible practice to repair soils disturbed by mining activities,and the reclamation is largely based on the alteration of the diversity and structure of soil bacteria.The objectives of this study were to assess the relative importance of these supplements on soil bacterial community diversity and structure in reclaimed mine areas.A field experiment with soybean was carried out in mining areas to assess the efficiency of nitrogen,phospho-rus and potassium(NPK)fertilizers plus those supplements on soil bacterial community structure and diversity by the 16S rRNA sequencing method.Soil chemical properties were analyzed to their effects on the bacterial community structure.The results showed that the application of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium(NPK)fertilizers significantly increased bacterial diversity,and a further increase was observed in NPK plus biochar,sodium silicate or earthworm addition.Furthermore,a higher number of genera were found in the NPK plus biochar and NPK plus earthworm treatments than that in the control,NPK and NPK plus sodium silicate treatments.The bacterial community was significantly associated with nutrients,such as carbon(C)and nitrogen(N).Moreover,soil organic carbon(SOC)and pH were the most dominant factors in shaping the soil bacterial community structure and diversity.Our data indicate that the addition of earthworms to soil rather than biochar and sodium silicate was the best strategy to mitigate the detrimental effects of mining activities on soil bacterial diversity.
