Vaccination via the pulmonary route could be an attractive alternative to parenteral administration.Research towards the best site of antigen deposition within the lungs to induce optimal immune responses has conflict...Vaccination via the pulmonary route could be an attractive alternative to parenteral administration.Research towards the best site of antigen deposition within the lungs to induce optimal immune responses has conflicting results which might be dependent on the type of vaccine and/or its physical state.Therefore,in this study,we explored whether deep lung deposition is crucial for two different vaccines,i.e.,influenza and hepatitis B vaccine.In view of this,influenza subunit vaccine and hepatitis B surface antigen were labeled with a fluorescent dye and then spray-dried.Imaging data showed that after pulmonary administration to mice the powders were deposited in the trachea/central airways when a commercially available insufflator was used while deep lung deposition was achieved when an in-house built aerosol generator was used.Immunogenicity studies revealed that comparable immune responses were induced upon trachea/central airways or deep lung targeting of dry influenza vaccine formulations.However,for hepatitis B vaccine,no immune responses were induced by trachea/central airways deposition whereas they were considerable after deep lung deposition.Thus,we conclude that deep lung targeting is not a critical parameter for the efficacy of pulmonary administered influenza vaccine whereas for hepatitis B vaccine it is.展开更多
Haze episodes have become a major concern in Malaysia over the past few decades and have an increasingly important impact on the country each and every year. During haze episodes from biomass burning in Southeast Asia...Haze episodes have become a major concern in Malaysia over the past few decades and have an increasingly important impact on the country each and every year. During haze episodes from biomass burning in Southeast Asia, particularly from Sumatra, Indonesia, particulate matter PM2.5 is found to be one of the dangerous sources of airborne pollution and is known to seriously affect human health. This study determines the composition of carbohydrates （as levoglucosan）, surfactants, major elements, and anions in PM2.5 during a 2013 haze episode. PM2.5 samples were collected from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, using a high volume sampler during a seven-day monitoring campaign during the peak of that year＇s haze episode. PM2.5 concentrations ranged between 14.52 and 160.93 μg/m3, exceeding the 2005 WHO air quality guidelines for PM2.5 （25 μg/m3 for 24-h mean）. The patterns for levoglucosan, surfactants, major elements, and anionic compositions were proportional to the PM2.5 concentrations. Changes in PM2.5 observed on days 3 and 4 were influenced by a combination of meteorological factors, which substantiate the theory that such factors play a pivotal role in haze episodes.展开更多
Previous work has shown great variations in the chemical composition of Ocimum gratissimum Linn essential oils(EOs).Our aim was to study the influence of this variation on their antimicrobial,anti-parasitic effects an...Previous work has shown great variations in the chemical composition of Ocimum gratissimum Linn essential oils(EOs).Our aim was to study the influence of this variation on their antimicrobial,anti-parasitic effects and toxicity.Methods:EOs from aerial part collected in two vegetative stages and three moments of harvest were isolated by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC/MS and GC/FID.展开更多
基金funded by the European Union Seventh Framework Program 19(FP7-2007-2013)Universal Influenza Vaccines Secured(UNISEC)consortium under grant agreement No.602012.
文摘Vaccination via the pulmonary route could be an attractive alternative to parenteral administration.Research towards the best site of antigen deposition within the lungs to induce optimal immune responses has conflicting results which might be dependent on the type of vaccine and/or its physical state.Therefore,in this study,we explored whether deep lung deposition is crucial for two different vaccines,i.e.,influenza and hepatitis B vaccine.In view of this,influenza subunit vaccine and hepatitis B surface antigen were labeled with a fluorescent dye and then spray-dried.Imaging data showed that after pulmonary administration to mice the powders were deposited in the trachea/central airways when a commercially available insufflator was used while deep lung deposition was achieved when an in-house built aerosol generator was used.Immunogenicity studies revealed that comparable immune responses were induced upon trachea/central airways or deep lung targeting of dry influenza vaccine formulations.However,for hepatitis B vaccine,no immune responses were induced by trachea/central airways deposition whereas they were considerable after deep lung deposition.Thus,we conclude that deep lung targeting is not a critical parameter for the efficacy of pulmonary administered influenza vaccine whereas for hepatitis B vaccine it is.
文摘Haze episodes have become a major concern in Malaysia over the past few decades and have an increasingly important impact on the country each and every year. During haze episodes from biomass burning in Southeast Asia, particularly from Sumatra, Indonesia, particulate matter PM2.5 is found to be one of the dangerous sources of airborne pollution and is known to seriously affect human health. This study determines the composition of carbohydrates （as levoglucosan）, surfactants, major elements, and anions in PM2.5 during a 2013 haze episode. PM2.5 samples were collected from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, using a high volume sampler during a seven-day monitoring campaign during the peak of that year＇s haze episode. PM2.5 concentrations ranged between 14.52 and 160.93 μg/m3, exceeding the 2005 WHO air quality guidelines for PM2.5 （25 μg/m3 for 24-h mean）. The patterns for levoglucosan, surfactants, major elements, and anionic compositions were proportional to the PM2.5 concentrations. Changes in PM2.5 observed on days 3 and 4 were influenced by a combination of meteorological factors, which substantiate the theory that such factors play a pivotal role in haze episodes.
文摘Previous work has shown great variations in the chemical composition of Ocimum gratissimum Linn essential oils(EOs).Our aim was to study the influence of this variation on their antimicrobial,anti-parasitic effects and toxicity.Methods:EOs from aerial part collected in two vegetative stages and three moments of harvest were isolated by hydrodistillation and analysed by GC/MS and GC/FID.
