Effect of Mono- and Di-ethanolammonium Formate Ionic Liquids on the Volatility of Water, Ethanol, and Methanol

Vapor pressures were measured for six binary systems containing water, ethanol, or methanol with one of the two ionic liquids(ILs) at different component concentrations and temperatures using a quasi-static ebulliometer,with the ILs mono-ethanolammonium formate([HMEA][HCOO]) and di-ethanolammonium formate([HDEA][HCOO]).The vapor pressures of the IL-containing binary systems are well correlated using the NRTL model with an overall average absolute relative deviation(AARD) of 0.0062. The effect of ILs on the vapor pressure depression of solvents at 0.050 mole fraction of IL is that [HDEA][HCOO]>[HMEA][HCOO], and the vapor pressure lowering degree follows the order of water>methanol>ethanol. Further, the activity coefficients of three solvents(viz. water,ethanol, and methanol) for the binary systems {solvent(1) + IL(2)} predicted based on the fitted NRTL parameters at T 333.15 K indicate that the two ILs generate a negative deviation from Raoult's law for water and methanol and a positive deviation for ethanol to a varying degree, change the relative volatility of a solvent. [HMEA][HCOO]may be a promising entrainer to efficiently separate ethanol aqueous solutions by special rectification.

Syntheses,Structures and Luminescent Property of Two Supramolecular Complexes Containing N-P-Acetamidobenzenesulfonyl-glycine Acid Ligand

Making use of N-P-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl-glycine acid （abbreviated as abglyH2）,two transitional metal complexes [Zn（abglyH）（phen）2]ClO4·H2O （1） and Co（abglyH）2（bipy）2（H2O）2 （2） （phen = 1,10-phenanthroline,bipy = 4,4＇-bipyridine） have been synthesized under mild conditions and characterized by IR,elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. Complex 1 is a monomeric compound which is further assembled by intermolecular hydrogen bonds and π-π interaction into a 2-D supramolecular network. Complex 2 is also a monomeric compound and further connected by intermolecular hydrogen bonds to form a 2-D supramolecular network. Fluorescent analysis shows that complex 1 has an emissive maximum at 364 nm in the solution state at room temperature.

Syntheses,Structures and Luminescent Properties of Two Zinc Complexes Containing N-P-Acetamidobenzenesulfonyl-glycine Acid Ligand

Using N-P-acetamidobenzenesulfonyl-glycine acid （abbreviated as abglyH2） as a ligand, two zinc（II） complexes [Zn（abglyH）2（bipy）2（H2O）2], （1） and {[Znz（abgly）2（bipy）2（H2O）2]. 2（H2O）}n （2） （bipy = 4,4＇-bipyridine） have been synthesized under mild conditions and characterized by IR, elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction analysis. Complex 1 is a monomeric compound, which is further assembled by intermolecular hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions into a 3-D supramolecular network. Complex 2 adopts a one-dimensional double chain structure and is further linked by hydrogen bonds to form a 2-D structure. Fluorescent analysis shows that complex 1 has an emissive maximum at 337 nm and complex 2 exhibits an emissive maximum at 339 nm in the solution state at room temperature.

The organization and function of the Golgi apparatus in dendrite development and neurological disorders

Dendrites are specialized neuronal compartments that sense, integrate and transfer information in the neural network. Their development is tightly controlled and abnormal dendrite morphogenesis is strongly linked to neurological disorders. While dendritic morphology ranges from relatively simple to extremely complex for a specified neuron, either requires a functional secretory pathway to continually replenish proteins and lipids to meet dendritic growth demands. The Golgi apparatus occupies the center of the secretory pathway and is regulating posttranslational modifications, sorting, transport, and signal transduction, as well as acting as a non-centrosomal microtubule organization center. The neuronal Golgi apparatus shares common features with Golgi in other eukaryotic cell types but also forms distinct structures known as Golgi outposts that specifically localize in dendrites. However, the organization and function of Golgi in dendrite development and its impact on neurological disorders is just emerging and so far lacks a systematic summary. We describe the organization of the Golgi apparatus in neurons, review the current understanding of Golgi function in dendritic morphogenesis, and discuss the current challenges and future directions.

Removal of Cd^(2+) from aqueous solution using graphene oxide modified activate carbon derived from peanut shell

Graphene oxide(GO)was prepared by a modified Hummers method using peanut shells and natural graphite,and graphene oxide modified peanut shells activated carbon composites(GO-AC)were synthesized by co-pyrolysis.The optimal preparation conditions of AC were screened by response surface methodology(RSM)to optimize the preparation process.The results showed that the surface of GO-AC had more micropores and larger specific surface area,increased the surface adsorption sites and had more oxygen-containing functional groups.The adsorption process was mainly based on chemisorption,and the adsorption capacity was 3.45 and 1.30 times higher than that of BC(45.16 mg/g)and AC(119.21 mg/g),respectively.After six adsorption-desorption cycle tests,the adsorption amount of Cd^(2+)by GO-AC was still as high as 89.26 mg/g,with a percentage increase of 93.5%and 365%compared to BC(19.18 mg/g)and AC(46.13 mg/g),respectively,with good reusability.The research can provide a useful reference for the high value-added conversion of waste biomass,and GO-AC loading modified with significant adsorption of Cd2+has good potential for application as a novel and low-cost adsorbent.

Adsorption of Ce(IV) in nitric acid medium by imidazolium anion exchange resin

N-methylimidazolium functionalized anion exchange resin in NO3 form （RNO3） was prepared and used for adsorption of Ce（Ⅳ） in nitric acid medimn. The adsorption amount increased with shaking time increasing and the adsorption equilibrium was obtained within 180 rain. Ce（Ⅳ） was partially reduced to Ce（Ⅲ） and the reduction percent of Ce（Ⅳ） increased with shaking time increasing. But RNO3 was more stable than other resins due to the high resistance to oxidation. A little increase of adsorption amount was found with concentration of HNO3 increasing. However, the reduction percent of Ce（Ⅳ） decreased with the increase of HNO3 concentration. The addition of NaNO3 decreased the adsorption amount of Ce（Ⅳ） on RNO3 due to the competitive anion exchange reaction. Ce（Ⅳ） was adsorbed on RNO3 in the form of Ce（Ⅳ） anion nitrato-complex. RNO3 and Ce（Ⅳ）-loaded RNO3 were characterized by fourier transform infrared （FT-IR） and thermogravimeric analysis （TGA）. Ce（Ⅳ） could be easily separated from RE（Ⅲ） solution by RNO3.

The preparation of supported ionic liquids (SILs) and their application in rare metals separation

This review summarizes the preparation methods of support ionic liquids （SILs） and their applications in rare metals separation The rare metals separation includes the recovery of high value metal ions and the removal of heavy metal ions from wastewater. SILs can be used as a kind of highly efficient multifunctional separation materials. The preparation methods of SILs include chemical immobilization technique in which ILs moieties are supported on solid supports via covalent bonds and physical immobilization techniques in which ILs are immobilized on solid supports via physical method such as simple im- pregnation, sol-gel method. According to the difference of solid supports, this review summarizes the application of polymer supported ionic liquids （P-SILs）, silica based material supported ionic liquids （SM-SILs） and membrane supported ionic liq- uids （M-SILs） in rare metals separation, P-SILs and SM-SILs prepared by chemical method with N-methylimidazolium group can be used as highly efficient anion exchangers with high thermal stability and good chemical stability for adsorption of Cr（Ⅵ）, Re（Ⅶ）, Ce（Ⅳ）. P-SILs prepared via simple impregnation afforded IL functionalized solvent impregnated resins （SIRs） which showed high separation efficiency and selectivity in the separation of rare earths（Ⅲ） （REs（Ⅲ））. SM-SILs prepared via sol-gel method with IL doped in the support as porogens or extractant show high removal efficiencies and excellent stability for the separation of RE（Ⅲ）, Cr（Ⅲ） and Cr（Ⅵ）. M-SILs with IL as plasticizer or carrier show improved stability, high perme- ability coefficient and good selectivity for Cr（VI） transport. Different supports and different supporting methods were suffi- ciently compared. Based on the different practical application, different forms of SILs can be prepared for separation of rare metals with high separation efficiency and selectivity.

Science:推翻常规认知! 科学家发现树突细胞或许源于特殊祖细胞

树突细胞是机体免疫力的”门卫”，其能够帮助机体有效检测并且开启抵御外来病原体或异物的免疫力，截止到目前为止，研究者认为树突细胞的亚型是从一种共同的祖细胞分化而来；近日，一项刊登在国际杂志science上的研究报告中，来自新加坡ASTAR研究所等机构的研究人员通过研究发现，人类机体的免疫细胞或许是从特殊的祖细胞衍生而来，相关研究或为后期开发新型疫苗并且优化疫苗提供了新的线索。

STANDARD HEAT OF FORMATION OF ALUMINUM HYDRIDE

We have determined, by means of a bomb calorimeter, the amounts of energy of decomposition of a-AlH3 at constant volume. Two samples were used. The H-contents of these samples （A and B） are 9.64％ and 9.76％ by weight respectively, the impurities being mainly LiAlH4, LiCl, Al2O3 and Al.

Heavy metal pollution characteristics and health evaluation of farmland soil in a gold mine slag area of Luoyang in China

The characteristics of eight heavy metals(lead,zinc,copper,nickel,chromium,cadmium,mercury and arsenic)in the surface soil of the historical slag area of the Au ore dressing plant in the South-West of Luoyang City were investigated and evaluated in terms of a pollution index,potential ecological hazards and health risks.The results showed that the average amounts of the heavy metals Pb,Zn and As in the soils of plots S3,S5,S7,S12 and S18 exceeded the soil pollution risk screening values.The Mero comprehensive pollution index in plots S7,S12 and S18 was greater than 3,indicating severe pollution.The severe pollution plot integrated the potential ecological risk index(RI)of each sampling point,which was in the order of RI_(S12)>RI_(S18)>RI_(S7)>RI_(S5)>RI_(S3).Among the heavy metals,Cd poses the greatest threat to ecological and human health.The effects of heavy metals in soil on the single non-carcinogenic health risk index(HQ)and the non-carcinogenic total risk index through three exposure pathways were in the order of HQ_(Hg)<HQ_(Cu)<HQ_(Ni)<HQ_(Zn)<HQ_(Cd)<HQ_(Cr)<HQ_(Pb)<HQ_(As)<1,which meant that the adult and child total carcinogenic risk(TCR)and individual carcinogenic health risk indices CRAs and CRCd were above the maximum acceptable human health level recommended by the USEPA(10^(-6)).TCRAs and TCRCd accounted for 75.65%and 23.94%of the adult TCR,respectively.TCR^(As) and TCR^(Cd) accounted for 75.93%and 23.97%of the child TCR,respectively.Overall,the TCR of children was greater than that of adults.In summary,the soil in the historical slag area of the Au ore dressing plant constitutes a serious threat to the surrounding ecological environment and to residents.