Hexavalent Chromium Cr (VI) Removal from Water by Mango Kernel Powder

Metal trace elements (MTE) are among the most harmful micropollutants of natural waters. Eliminating them helps improve the quality and safety of drinking water and protect human health. In this work, we used mango kernel powder (MKP) as bioadsorbent material for removal of Cr (VI) from water. Uv-visible spectroscopy was used to monitor and quantify Cr (VI) during processing using the Beer-Lambert formula. Some parameters such as pH, mango powder, mass and contact time were optimized to determine adsorption capacity and chromium removal rate. Adsorption kinetics, equilibrium, isotherms and thermodynamic parameters such as ΔG˚, ΔH˚, and ΔS˚, as well as FTIR were studied to better understand the Cr (VI) removal process by MKP. The adsorption capacity reached 94.87 mg/g, for an optimal contact time of 30 min at 298 K. The obtained results are in accordance with a pseudo-second order Freundlich adsorption isotherm model. Finally FTIR was used to monitor the evolution of absorption bands, while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS) were used to evaluate surface properties and morphology of the adsorbent.

多方参与:一所美国社区高中的空间设计之道

你能想象到吗？一所连独立校园都没有的学校，却获得了建筑设计大奖。这所学校就是美国加州圣地亚哥市的e3公民高中。这所位于圣地亚哥市公共图书馆5-6层的公立特许学校，总建筑面积7100余平方米，主要招收9-12年级的高中学生，现有在校生约500名。

Design and performance study of the HEPP-H calorimeter onboard the CSES satellite

The China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite(CSES) will investigate iono-magnetospheric disturbance and will monitor the temporal stability of the inner Van Allen radiation belts.In particular,the mission aims at confirming the existences of a temporal correlation between the occurrence of earthquakes and the observation of electromagnetic disturbances, plasma fluctuations and anomalous fluxes of high-energy particles precipitating from the inner Van Allen belt in space.The high energy detector of the High Energy Particle Package(HEPP-H) is a payload onboard CSES and is designed for detecting electrons(2–50 MeV) and protons(20–200 MeV) in its 500 km orbit above Earth.CSES was launched in February 2018.In this paper, the instrumentation and development of the HEPP-H calorimeter are described.The calibration with beam particles(electrons and protons) is discussed in detail.

Thermal and Structural Study of Mono- and Multi-Layered Thin Films Composed of CuAlS_(2) Chalcogenide

Thin films constituted of CuAlS_(2) nanoparticles deposited with various deposition velocities in single and multilayers onto silicon Si(111)substrates by thermal evaporation have been studied by lifting their structural and thermal properties.Thermal properties of Si(111)and Si(111)/CuAlS_(2) structures are determined by using the photothermal deflection technique by comparing experimental and theoretical signals.We succeed in extracting the thermal conductivity,the thermal diffusivity,and the electron free mean path of these deposited chalcogenide layers.For the multilayers,the obtained values of the thermal conductivity are in good agreement with the theoretical data.

Spectrofluorimetric Analysis of the Fungicide Carbendazim and Its Metabolite 2-Aminobenzimidazole in Natural Water

A spectrofluorimetric method for the direct analysis of carbendazim [methyl 2-benzimidazole carbamate (MBC)] fungicide and its metabolite 2-aminobenzimidazole (2-AB) in natural waters is described. Very low limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values of 0.002 - 0.06 ng/mL and 0.006 - 0.2 ng/mL, respectively, were determined by spectrofluorimetric method with small relative standard deviation (RSD) values < 1%. This spectrofluorimetric method was applied to the determination of MBC and 2-AB residues in natural waters, with satisfactory recovery values of (88.5% - 119.2%).

Design and performance study of the LEPD silicon tracker onboard the CSES satellite

The low energy particle detector （LEPD） is one of the main payloads onboard the China seismic electromagnetic satellite （CSES）. The detector is designed to ascertain space electrons （0.1–10 MeV） and protons （2–50 MeV）. It has the capability of identifying the electrons and protons, to measure the energy spectrum and the incident angle of the particles. The LEPD is made up of a silicon tracker system, a CsI （Tl） mini-calorimeter, an anti-coincidence system made by plastic scintillator, as well as electronics and a data acquisition system （DAQ）. The tracker is also a kind of E-E telescope; it consists of two layers of double-sided silicon strip detectors （DSSD）. The signals emerging from the silicon tracker can be read out by two pieces of application specific integrated circuit （ASIC）, which also can generate an event trigger for the LEPD. The functions of the DSSD system in the LEPD for charged particles were tested by 241Am @5.486 MeV α particles. The results show that the DSSD system works well, and has high performance to detect charged particles and measure the position of incident particles.

Thermo-Mechanical Simulation of Self-Heating of a High-Power Diode Made of Ti_(3)SiC_(2)(MAX) Phase-on-4H-SiC Substrate

The fact that traditional semiconductors have almost reached their performance limits in high power applications,is leading to failure in high power devices.This failure results from self-heating effects,leading to higher temperature and a breakdown of the electrical contact.The good thermal and mechanical properties of 4 H-SiC and Ti_(3)SiC_(2) and their good performance at high temperatures make them good candidates for high power applications.In order to improve the performance of electrical contacts,a thermo-mechanical simulation was carried out using the finite element method to study the self-heating effects in a high power PN diode made of a 4 H-SiC substrate with a Ti_(3)SiC_(2) electrical contact and Al_(3)Ti metallization.The three-dimensional model took into account the temperature dependency of several thermal and mechanical properties of the different materials to improve calculation accuracy.To simulate the self-heating,the power loss in the diode was calculated from the corresponding direct I-V characteristic.In addition,the interfacial thermal resistances(ITR)between the different layers were varied and studied in the thermo-mechanical investigation,in sequence to determine their effects on the heat dissipation and the resulting stresses in the model.The results show that for realistic ITR values,the ITR barely affects heat diffusion mechanical stresses of the model.Whereas,ITR may cause serious problem to the functionality and the efficiency of some electronic components.On the other hand,extremely large ITR leads to a decrease in the thermal stress in the diode.Good control on the ITR may help to improve the performance of high-power devices in the future,in addition to providing more efficient electrical contacts.

外周血单个核细胞诱导为肝细胞样细胞及初步探讨对乙酰氨基酚作用下的细胞损伤反应

目的建立外周血单个核细胞诱导肝细胞样细胞的方法,初步探讨其在对乙酰氨基酚(APAP)作用下的细胞损伤反应。方法流式细胞术和免疫荧光法检测外周血分离的单个核细胞表面标志CD45;针对诱导的肝细胞样细胞,倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,实时荧光定量PCR(RT-PCR)检测肝细胞特异性基因细胞色素P450(CYP)1A2、CYP3A4、CYP2C9、白蛋白(ALB)、甲胎蛋白(AFP)、肝细胞核因子(HNF)4α mRNA的表达水平;免疫荧光法检测肝细胞标志物AFP、HNF4α、ALB在细胞中蛋白的表达水平,生化分析仪检测肝细胞特有的AFP、ALB、尿素的分泌功能,荧光素酶化学发光法检测肝细胞关键药物代谢酶CYP3A4酶活性;肝损伤药物APAP作用肝细胞样细胞后,比色测定法检测肝细胞损伤指标丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)。采用t检验与秩和检验比较数据间的统计学差异。结果外周血分离的单个核细胞表面标志CD45表达阳性率约98%,诱导第15天细胞形态出现肝细胞样变化;与分离的单个核细胞相比,CYP1A2、CYP3A4、CYP2C9、ALB、AFP、HNF4α mRNA明显升高,AFP、ALB,HNF4α蛋白表达水平均升高,AFP、ALB,尿素的分泌功能增强;与原代肝细胞相比CYP1A2、CYP2C9、AFP、HNF4α mRNA,CYP3A4 mRNA无降低,ALB mRNA较低,AFP、ALB、HNF4α蛋白在细胞中的表达水平无降低,AFP、ALB,尿素的分泌功能无降低。此外肝细胞样细胞产生了与原代肝细胞相似的CYP3A4酶活性;APAP孵育较不含APAP孵育的肝细胞样细胞会释放更多的ALT;在APAP作用下肝细胞样细胞相比分离的单个核细胞ALT释放增加。结论外周血单个核细胞能诱导为具有肝细胞部分特性的肝细胞样细胞,通过诱导具有了肝细胞关键药物代谢酶CYP3A4活性,肝损伤药物APAP作用下,肝细胞样细胞初步体现了肝细胞损伤时ALT分泌的特征。