用于软骨下骨修复的镁基支架

骨关节炎(osteoarthritis,OA)作为一种可以导致残疾的退行性疾病,常累及软骨下骨。受损的关节软骨和软骨下骨很难自愈,用于功能修复的组织工程支架是一种有前途的治疗方法。近年来,镁合金因其良好的机械和生物学性能被视为可降解多孔支架有希望的候选者。然而,目前对于适用于软骨下骨缺损修复的镁基支架的结构设计和优化方案还没有定论。归纳了镁合金用于骨软骨支架的研究进展,包括多孔支架的制造方法;添加合金元素和表面改性的优化策略;参数化与非参数化的结构设计;镁基支架的机械、降解和生物学性能及其影响因素。讨论了未来研究的潜在方向。旨在为多孔镁基支架的开发和临床应用提供参考。

New insights into inflammatory osteoclast precursors as therapeutic targets for rheumatoid arthritis and periodontitis

Rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and periodontitis are chronic inflammatory diseases leading to increased bone resorption.Preventing this inflammatory bone resorption is a major health challenge.Both diseases share immunopathogenic similarities and a common inflammatory environment.The autoimmune response or periodontal infection stimulates certain immune actors,leading in both cases to chronic inflammation that perpetuates bone resorption.Moreover,RA and periodontitis have a strong epidemiological association that could be explained by periodontal microbial dysbiosis.This dysbiosis is believed to be involved in the initiation of RA via three mechanisms.(i)The dissemination of periodontal pathogens triggers systemic inflammation.(ii)Periodontal pathogens can induce the generation of citrullinated neoepitopes,leading to the generation of anti-citrullinated peptide autoantibodies.(iii)Intracellular danger-associated molecular patterns accelerate local and systemic inflammation.Therefore,periodontal dysbiosis could promote or sustain bone resorption in distant inflamed joints.Interestingly,in inflammatory conditions,the existence of osteoclasts distinct from“classical osteoclasts”has recently been reported.They have proinflammatory origins and functions.Several populations of osteoclast precursors have been described in RA,such as classical monocytes,a dendritic cell subtype,and arthritis-associated osteoclastogenic macrophages.The aim of this review is to synthesize knowledge on osteoclasts and their precursors in inflammatory conditions,especially in RA and periodontitis.Special attention will be given to recent data related to RA that could be of potential value in periodontitis due to the immunopathogenic similarities between the two diseases.Improving our understanding of these pathogenic mechanisms should lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets involved in the pathological inflammatory bone resorption associated with these diseases.

中药抗骨质疏松症及其分子作用机制研究进展

骨质疏松症是一种以骨量减少、骨微结构退化和骨脆性增加的常见疾病。随着世界人口老龄化的加剧,其发病率呈逐年升高趋势,因此,针对骨质疏松症的防治受到越来越多的重视。近年来,传统中药治疗骨质疏松症作用机制方面的研究不断深入,发现其与细胞自噬作用、成骨细胞与破骨细胞的活性以及间充质干细胞的定向分化等因素关系密切。因此,结合中药有效成分对骨质疏松症的作用和精准信号调节通路,可为骨质疏松症的防治提供理论依据和潜在治疗靶点。

基于选择性激光熔化技术的骨缺损修复用梯度多孔钛支架的研制与表征

为提高骨缺损修复的治疗效果,设计孔隙率为78.8%、70.8%、62.6%和54.4%的梯度多孔钛支架(分别表示为P1,P2,P3和P4),并通过选择性激光熔化技术进行制备。通过模拟和实验方法研究支架的成形性、显微组织、力学性能和渗透性能。模拟结果表明,4种梯度结构的最大等效应力和渗透性分别在569.1~1469.0MPa和(21.7~54.6)×10^(−9)m^(2)范围内,并且P3和P4具有更小的最大等效应力,表明P3和P4具有更高的强度。P3和P4结构支架的显微组织为α'马氏体,屈服强度和弹性模量分别为185.3~250.8MPa和6.1~9.7GPa。相比于P3结构支架,P4结构支架展现出更高的强度和与皮质骨更加匹配的弹性模量,并且其渗透性(18.6×10^(−9)m^(2))在人体骨组织渗透性范围内。因此,具有P4结构支架有望被应用于骨科植入领域。

Hourglass-like constriction of the anterior interosseous nerve in the left forearm:A case report

BACKGROUND Hourglass-like constriction neuropathy is a rare neurological disorder.The main clinical manifestation is peripheral nerve injury with no apparent cause,and the pathomorphological change is an unexplained narrowing of the diseased nerve.The diagnosis and treatment of the disease are challenging and there is no accepted diagnostic or therapeutic approach.CASE SUMMARY This report describes a rare hourglass constriction of the anterior interosseous nerve in the left forearm in a 47-year-old healthy male who was treated surgically and gradually recovered function over a 6-mo follow-up period.CONCLUSION Hourglass-like constriction neuropathy is a rare disorder.With the development of medical technology,more examinations are now available for diagnosis.This case aims to highlight the rare manifestations of Hourglass-like constriction neuropathy and provides a reference for enriching the clinical diagnosis and treatment experience.

The role of autophagy in the treatment of osteoporosis by Chinese medicines(natural)

Osteoporosis is one of the common orthopaedic diseases,characterised by increased bone fragility due to reduced bone mass and microstructural degeneration,posing a great threat to patients’quality of life and safety.In recent years,Chinese medicine(natural)has had a unique advantage in the treatment of osteoporosis and has shown good efficacy.Autophagy is an inherent cellular survival mechanism for the removal and recycling of damaged proteins and organelles and plays an important role in maintaining the stability of the intracellular environment and organ function.Therefore,this article aims to provide a comprehensive review of these Chinese medicines(natural)for the treatment of osteoporosis through autophagy.They have been intensively studied and reported to have effects such as promoting osteogenesis and anti-bone resorption.The Chinese medicines include plants such as Cistanche deserticola,Epimedium,Curculigo orchioides Gaertn,Achyranthes bidentata Blume,Leonurus japonicus Houtt,Ginseng,Chuanxiong Rhizome,Eucommia ulmoides,Morindae Officinalis Radix,Curcuma longa,Polygoni Cuspidati Rhizoma et Radix,Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge,Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge and Pueraria Lobata,thus providing evidence for the use of alternative herbal therapies for the effective treatment of osteoporosis.

Cemented versus uncemented stems for revision total hip replacement:A systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND The popularity of uncemented stems in revision total hip arthroplasty(THA)has increased in the last decade.AIM To assess the outcomes of both cemented and uncemented stems after mid-term follow up.METHODS This study was performed following both the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Statement and the Cochrane Handbook for systematic reviews and meta-analysis guidelines.Articles were chosen irrespective of country of origin or language utilized for the article full texts.This paper included studies that reviewed revision THA for both cemented or uncemented long stems.RESULTS Three eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis.Analysis was conducted by using Review Manager version 5.3.We computed the risk ratio as a measure of the treatment effect,taking into account heterogeneity.We used random-effect models.There were no significant differences found for intraoperative periprosthetic fractures[risk ratio(RR)=1.25;95%confidence interval(CI):0.29-5.32;P=0.76],aseptic loosening(RR=2.15,95%CI:0.81-5.70;P=0.13),dislocation rate(RR=0.50;95%CI:0.10-2.47;P=0.39),or infection rate(RR=0.99,95%CI:0.82-1.19;P=0.89),between the uncemented and the cemented long stems for revision THA after mid-term follow-up.CONCLUSION This study has evaluated the mid-term outcomes of both cemented and uncemented stems at first-time revision THA.In summary,there were no significant differences in the dislocation rate,aseptic loosening,intraoperative periprosthetic fracture and infection rate between the two cohorts.

基于居民和游客双重视角的线性文化遗产感知研究——以滇越铁路为例

从“一带一路”倡议的提出到丝绸之路和京杭大运河申遗成功,再到国家文化公园的提出,线性文化遗产价值逐渐被挖掘与重构,其所蕴含的巨大文化力量获得全社会的关注和认可。滇越铁路是我国西南地区一条重要的线性文化遗产,通过滇越铁路沿线地区考察,对所收集的有效问卷运用主因子分析、均值比较分析和多重响应分析方法进行分析,研究居民和游客对旅游产业要素、旅游开发利用、文化遗产认知和旅游线路组织4个主因子的感知异同,分析差异或协同原因,对比遗产地主客双方在发展策略方面所持态度,在此基础上提出滇越铁路遗产旅游现存问题与对策建议。

室内装修用特制定向刨花板

本文介绍了一种加拿大产特制定向刨花板,该板材是为室内装修和家具制造而特制的,通过对其生产原材料、生产工艺特点、产品性能的分析,并就该产品在室内装修领域进行了探讨,期望室内设计师、家具设计师和用户对该特制定向刨花板有全新的认识。

未来实验室的样子

十年前甚至更久，中国实验室通常都有这样的场景，巨大的实验仪器．摆满实验台的试管．烦琐的人工样品处理，字迹；麦乱的实验记录本，样品处理量也很有限，可想而知，

过氧化氢强化两段氧脱木素

研究表明,在两段氧脱木素过程加入过氧化氢会提高脱木素效果,且加在氧脱木素的第二段比加在第一段时的脱木素率和选择性指数(脱木素率与黏度损失率的比值)好;综合考虑,建议过氧化氢的用量控制在2～3kg/t;螯合处理对脱木素率与选择性指数也有影响,建议采用Q-O-OP处理程序,且螯合处理在酸性条件下的效果较好。

羽毛球运动中的跟腱损伤

羽毛球运动是以上肢的挥击配合下肢的步伐完成击球动作,具有非常高的技术性且需要连续、快速的往复移动,因此,虽然羽毛球是隔网运动,但仍然很容易有运动伤害产生,其中跟腱撕裂伤则是羽毛球运动中最常见的严重伤害。

运动员肌效能贴扎技术运用简述

运动伤售的预防与康复是专业运动团队与运动员部应重视的工作、2012年伦敦奥运会锷场．在体操、排球、镌球、手球、举重、跳水等多个运动项目，都可以行到运动员接受赛前防护以及自主运动贴扎防护的场景，可见运动员的防护观念已经有明显的提升，而运动贴扎中以肌效能贴扎技术最简单易学且操作简便，近几年来，越来越多的运动员或运动爱好有使川运动贴扎技术束预防过度使用性肌肉损伤，让贴布化作用部位达到最好的支撑与协助促进效果。

Compaction Rate of an Early Permian Volcanic Tuff from Wuda Coalfield, Inner Mongolia

Compaction rates of sediments or volcaniclastic material are needed to reconstruct original thickness of a bed, which in turn is required to reconstruct subsidence rates, sea-level rise, or in the case of volcanielastic, the location or direction of the eruption site. The knowledge of compaction rates can also aid in the reconstruction of deformed fossils. The known shape of deformed fossils can allow the determination of the compaction they experienced. Here we report the compaction rate in an early Permian volcanic tuff from Wuda, Inner Mongolia, determined from the deformation of standing tree fern stems of known anatomy. The compaction rate has been found to be 0.56 in this case, indicating that 44% of original thickness remains.

Time for the world to move beyond the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a proven feeding tube,just as the nasogastric tube is proven to be able to deliver enteral nutrition.For long-term use,both patient and caregiver want neither.What is desired is the LOOPPEG? 3G tube,more secure than the PEG,and less risky to change than the nasogastric tube.Future clinical research should focus on this high-comfort low-risk tube.

Burst mode enabled ultrafast laser inscription inside gallium arsenide

Ultrafast laser inscription(ULI)inside semiconductors offers new perspectives for 3D monolithic structures to be fabricated and new functionalities to be added in electronic and photonic microdevices.However,important challenges remain because of nonlinear effects such as strong plasma generation that distort the energy delivery at the focal point when exposing these materials to intense infrared light.Up to now,the successful technological demonstrations have primarily concentrated on silicon(Si).In this paper,we target at another important semiconductor:gallium arsenide(GaAs).With nonlinearities higher than those of Si,3D-machining of GaAs with femtosecond pulses becomes even harder.However,we show that the difficulty can be circumvented by burst-mode irradiation.We generate and apply trains of pulses at terahertz repetition rates for efficient pulse-to-pulse accumulation of laser-induced free carriers in the focal region,while avoiding an overdose of prefocal excitations.The superior performance of burst-mode irradiation is confirmed by a comparative study conducted with infrared luminescence microscopy.The results indicate a successful reduction of the plasma density in the prefocal region so that higher pulse energy reaches the focal spot.The same method is applied to identify optimum irradiation conditions considering particular cases such as asymmetric pulse trains and aberrated beams.With 64-pulse trains,we successfully manage to cross the writing threshold providing a solution for ULI inside GaAs.The application potential is finally illustrated with a stealth dicing demonstration by taking benefit of the burst mode.The irradiation method opens wide possibilities for 3D structuring inside GaAs by ULI.

Cut-off of body mass index and waist circumference to predict hypertension in Indian adults

AIM: To determine the cut-off values of body mass index(BMI) and waist circumference to predict hypertension in adults in north India.METHODS: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in 801 subjects in Kanpur, aged 20 years and above, using multistage stratified random sampling technique. A pre-tested structured question-naire was used to elicit the required information from the study participants and the diagnostic criteria for hypertension were taken according to the Seventh Joint National Committee Report on Hypertension(JNC-7). Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) analysis was used to estimate the cut-off values of BMI and waist circumference to predict hypertension.RESULTS: The ROC analysis revealed that BMI is a good predictor of hypertension for both men(area under the ROC curve 0.714) and women(area under the ROC curve 0.821). The cut-off values of BMI for predicting hypertension were identified as ≥ 24.5 kg/m2 in men and ≥ 24.9 kg/m2 in women. Similarly, the ROC analysis for waist circumference showed that it is a good predictor of hypertension both for men(area under the ROC curve 0.784) and women(area under the ROC curve 0.815). The cut-offs for waist circumference for predicting hypertension were estimated as ≥ 83 cm for men and ≥ 78 cm for women. Adults with high BMI or high waist circumference had a higher prevalence of hypertension, respectively.CONCLUSION: Simple anthropometric measurements such as BMI and waist circumference can be used for screening people at increased risk of hypertension in order to refer them for more careful and early diagnostic evaluation. Policies and programs are required for primary and secondary prevention of hypertension.

Paleoecology of Oligocarpia gothanii Halle from the Middle Permian of Southeastern Shanxi,North China

Fossil ferns are abundant and diverse in the Permian Cathaysian Flora of Shanxi, North China. Although plants assemblages of the Carboniferous and Permian have been extensively investigated, their palaeoecology and especially the paleoecology of ferns has not been studied in detail. Recent reinvestigation of Oligocarpia gothanii has revealed its growth habit and cloning reproduction strategy, but most previous studies lack integrated sedimentological and taphonomic data. In this study, new materials of O. gothanii have been collected from a floodplain setting in the middle Permian Lower Shihhotse Formation of southeastern Shanxi. These plant fossils were found in a lenticular claystone associated with rooting structures. They are characterized by aphlebia at the base of the penultimate rachis. Sedimentological, taphonomic and morphological analyses were conducted to understand the growth habit and ecology of the fern. The result indicates that the Oligocarpia gothanii had a prostrate, ground cover growth habit, and was dominant in pioneer floras that colonized disturbed floodplains.

Correlation between hypertension and hyperglycemia among young adults in India

AIM: To assess the correlation between blood pressure levels and fasting plasma glucose levels among young adults attending Chatrapati Shahuji Maharaj University, Kanpur, India.METHODS: The present study was cross-sectional in nature, conducted among students in the Institute of Paramedical Sciences, Chatrapati Shahuji Maharaj University, Kanpur. Study subjects included 185 young adults. Among them, 94 were males and 91 were females, in the age group 17 to 19 years.RESULTS: Mean age among males was 18.5 ± 1.5 years and among females was 17.9 ± 1.8 years. Of the total 185 study subjects, 61(32.9%) were classified as pre-diabetic and 20(10.8%) as pre-hypertensive. Mean waist circumference, systolic blood pressure and serum high density lipoprotein did not vary significantly between normoglycemic and pre-diabetic subjects. However, the mean diastolic blood pressure of pre-diabetics(82 ± 5 mm Hg) was significantly higher than normoglycemics(79 ± 6 mm Hg). Mean serum cholesterol, serum triglycerides, serum low density lipoprotein(LDL) and serum very low density lipoprotein was also higher among pre-diabetic subjects in comparison to normoglycemic subjects and the difference was statistically significant. Upon multiple linear regression analysis, it was observed that body mass index(BMI)(β = 0.149), diastolic blood pressure(β = 0.375) and serum LDL(β = 0.483) were significantly associated with fasting plasma glucose. Multiple linear regression with diastolic blood pressure as the outcome variable showed that BMI(β = 0.219), fasting blood glucose(β = 0.247) and systolic blood pressure(β = 0.510) were significantly associated.CONCLUSION: A significant prevalence of pre-diabetes and pre-hypertension in young adults is a matter of concern therefore all young adults need to be targeted for screening of diabetes and hypertension and lifestyle modification.

故宫文创产品的成功对图书出版的参考价值——以《谜宫·如意琳琅图籍》为例

故宫出版社于2018年发售的《谜宫·如意琳琅图籍》引起了现象级的讨论,不管是出版形式、发行方式,还是读者反馈,都突破了传统博物院给人的固有印象,也将近些年始终处于热点的故宫推向了更年轻的市场。本文着重从《谜宫·如意琳琅图籍》的内容、形式、营销和发行的角度出发,分析其成功之处,简单地探讨其他传统出版社是否能从故宫出版社的成功案例中发掘新的出版视角。