Solutions Comparison towards Voice Services Implementation for Operators Starting LTE Deployment

The continuity of voice services, for many operators planning to start their LTE network, is one of the key requirements to cover back the cost of this expensive network. In this paper, we discuss and compare the possible solutions to add voice services on an LTE network dedicated mainly for high-speed data transfer. By comparing advantages and inconvenient of the existing approaches, we conclude that the selection of the One Voice approach is obvious, especially for operators starting LTE deployments, the One Voice approach has the support of all the famous operators and vendors. Selecting the One Voice approach as a first alternative was evident, but the choice of CSFB as a mid-term solution or backup solution from many operators was not clear. As a key lesson can be learned from the existing technologies, CDMA and GSM, where the type of handset was one of the major factors of the GSM success;we prove in this paper that VOLGA approach is better than CSFB for many reasons: The VOLGA approach uses less complex and less expensive handset while it gives more comfortable user experience compared to CSFB approach, so operators should take into consideration these two points before selecting the second alternative.

Privacy Preserving Scheme for Location-Based Services

Homomorphic encryption schemes make it possible to perform arithmetic operations, like additions and multiplications, over encrypted values. This capability provides enhanced protection for data and offers new research directions, including blind data processing. Using homomorphic encryption schemes, a Location-Based Service (LBS) can process encrypted inputs to retrieve encrypted location-related information. The retrieved encrypted data can only be decrypted by the user who requested the data. The technology still faces two main challenges: the encountered processing time and the upper limit imposed on the allowed number of operations. However, the protection of users’ privacy achieved through this technology makes it attractive for more research and enhancing. In this paper we use homomorphic encryption schemes to build a fully secure system that allows users to benefit from location-based services while preserving the confidentiality and integrity of their data. Our novel system consists of search circuits that allow an executor (i.e. LBS server) to receive encrypted inputs/requests and then perform a blind search to retrieve encrypted records that match the selection criterion. A querier can send the user’s position and the service type he/she is looking for, in encrypted form, to a server and then the server would respond to the request without any knowledge of the contents of the request and the retrieved records. We further propose a prototype that improves the practicality of our system.

Gas pressure effect on plasma transport in a magnetic-filtered radio-frequency plasma source

Volume negative ion production relies on a magnetic filter(MF),where the plasma downstream of the MF is characterized by a strip-like pattern that consists of a bright and dense plasma region.In this work,we study,in a radio-frequency plasma source,the effects of operating pressure on this strip.This investigation,conducted using a Langmuir probe,shows that the plasma uniformity might be controlled through the gas pressure.Moreover,the operating pressure determines on which hemi-cylinder(side of magnetic field lines)the strip forms.This side inversion of the high-density plasma hemi-cylinder is due to an inversion of an ambipolar electric field that changes the E?×?B drift direction.

Periodic Planar Multilayered Substrates Analysis Using Wave Concept Iterative Process

Due to the practical importance and difficulties associated with their closed form solutions, the experimental and computational study of periodic planar multilayered structures, such as FSS in multilayered configuration and Multilayered Planar antennas array, are in complementary progress. During the past two decades, the widespread use of such methods has allowed a broad range of important scattering problems involving non-standard shapes, boundary conditions and material composition to be solved. In this sense, an efficient iterative technique based on the concept of wave is presented for computing periodic substrates in multilayered configuration. This paper presents an extensible approach of the iterative method to study multilayered substrates (n layers in which n = 2, 20) with spatial periodicity in multi- layer configuration. Our new approach is performed in order to study 3 dimensional structures by the method called Wave Concept Iterative Process (WCIP). This method is adapted in its original form to study 2 dimensional structures. The third dimension is modulated by transmission line as an approximation for every mode in spectral domain. The utility of the new WCIP appears because of its fast convergence and little consumption in memory.

Comparison of Circular Sector and Rectangular Patch Antenna Arrays in C-Band

The circular sector patch antenna is studied in C-band (4 GHz - 8 GHz). In this paper, we present steps of designing the circular sector antenna then a comparison with a rectangular antenna in literature. High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) software is used to compute the gain, axial ratio, radiation pattern, and return loss S11 of proposed antenna. Based on the designed patch antenna, many phased arrays will be simulated using HFSS. The impact of distance between element, number of element and phase will be checked. Obtained results are analyzed and compared with literature.

Adaptive Switching between Space-Time and Space-Frequency Block Coded OFDM Systems in Rayleigh Fading Channel

This work explores the performances of Space-Time and Space Frequency Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) with simple two branches transmit diversity scheme. The combination of multiple-antenna and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) provides reliable communications over frequency selective fading channels. We focus on the application of space-time block codes (STBC) and space-frequency block codes (SFBC) in OFDM systems over time-varying and frequency-selective channels. SFBC transmitter shows superior performance in fast varying channels while STBC shows better performance in frequency selective channels. A switching technique is presented that selects an appropriate transmission scheme between the STBC and SFBC assuming Rayleigh fading model.

Secured Transmission of ECG Signals: Numerical and Electronic Simulations

In many domains of science and technology, as the need for secured transmission of information has grown over the years, a variety of methods have been studied and devised to achieve this goal. In this paper, we present an information securing method using chaos encryption. Our proposal uses only one chaotic oscillator both for signal encryption and decryption for?avoiding the delicate synchronisation step. We carried out numerical and electronic simulations of the proposed circuit using electrocardiographic signals as input. Results obtained from both simulations were compared and exhibited a good agreement proving the suitability of our system for signal encryption and decryption.

A Joint Mobility Management Approach and Data Rate Adaptation Algorithm for IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee Nodes

This paper presents an original approach to reduce energy consumption in an IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee cluster tree network related to a backbone network. Our approach uses an enhanced mobility management of end devices combined with a rate adaptation algorithm. The mobility management approach anticipates link disruption and relies on a speculative algorithm that does not require scanning neighbor cells. The joint mobility management and rate adaptation methods are based on the link quality indicator (LQI). It is demonstrated that even in a noisy environment, the energy consumption as well as the latency of mobile devices can be significantly reduced.

Modeling of Waveguide Filter Using Wave Concept Iterative Procedure

A rigorous full wave technique based on the Transverse Wave Concept Iterative Procedure (WCIP) is used to design a complex Frequency Selective Surface (FSS). These surfaces include a periodically arrangement of identical circuit. There are used as filters and reflector antenna as well as deep-space exploration for multi-frequencies operations. A simple FSS structure is studied in the first stage to validate our approach. In the second stage two different complex structures are studied. The good agreement between simulated and published data justifies the design procedure.

Ambient Vibration Recording for Single-Station, Array and Building Studies Made Simple: CityShark Ⅱ

This article describes an improved data acquisition system from a previous system dedicated to one-sensor site studies, aimed at recording ambient vibrations (microtremors). A multi-channel and/or remote triggering system is proposed. The system was conceived by IRD-Leas, France, and used at ISTerre, France, for research activities. The size, weight of this high quality system and its autonomy (no need to be connected to a laptop) make it a real portable device. The system acquires data with 24-bit delta-sigma ADCs in the 10 - 1000 sps range at 10 - 20 bit resolution on up to 18 channels in the multi-channel version. The input stage dynamics is available at ±2.5 V or ±5 V. The dynamic range varies, for example, from 108 dB at 100 sps to 90 dB at 250 sps. Gain is selectable from 1 (0 dB) to 8192 (78 dB) by powers of two (6 dB). Its very low level of internal noise allows recording of very low tension signals without missing code. Continuous recording and GPS may also be implemented in the system. While primarily dedicated to ambient vibration recordings, this system can be connected to any type of device delivering an output tension in the ±5 V range.

Calculation of the Voigt Function in the Region of Very Small Values of the Parameter a Where the Calculation Is Notoriously Difficult

The Voigt function is the convolution of a Lorentzian and a Guaussian density. The computation of these functions is required in several problems arising in a variety of physicochemical subjects;such as nuclear reactors, atmospheric transmittance and spectroscopy. In this work we suggest using a new formula for the calculation of the Voigt function. Our formula is a new integral representation for the Voigt function that gives the perfect results for the Voigt function calculation and is easily calculable. We give also a comparison between our results of calculation of Voigt function for the very small values of the parameter a, where the calculation is notoriously difficult, with those of the various algorithms of other authors.

Analytical Calculation of the Energy in a Permanent Magnet

The energy in permanent magnet is not a trivial problem because it exist two types of energy: the field energy and the demagnetizing energy. For parallelepiped shape, the magnet energy has been calculated by fully analytical expressions in 3D. The result has been obtained after four successive integrations of Arctangent and Logarithm functions. The analytically calculated energy corresponds to the demagnetization energy in the magnet. The analytical results have been compared with different terms of energy obtained by computation.