Activated carbon made from the shells of Ricinodendron heudelotii was used to remove the remazol black dye in aqueous solution. The results of the characterization of this carbon revealed that it is microporous, with ...Activated carbon made from the shells of Ricinodendron heudelotii was used to remove the remazol black dye in aqueous solution. The results of the characterization of this carbon revealed that it is microporous, with a basic global surface (0.337 mmol/L) and a specific surface of 612 m<sup>2</sup>/g. The prepared carbon therefore has excellent adsorbent properties. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies were carried out to describe the adsorption mechanism of remazol black on this carbon. It appears from this study that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model is the best suited to describe this adsorption phenomenon with an equilibrium time of 200 min. The adsorption equilibrium study revealed that Langmuir and Freundlich models can help to describe the adsorption process. We note that the optimum pH and optimum mass for the removal of 20 mg/L of remazol black are 3 and 0.25 g, respectively. This carbon made it possible to eliminate more than 98% of the remazol dye in aqueous solution. The thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption is of the physisorption type, spontaneous and endothermic.展开更多
Malaria is a real public health problem. It’s one of the pathologies that mobilize the scientific community. Resistance to existing treatments is the basis for the search for new treatments. Some molecules such as Ma...Malaria is a real public health problem. It’s one of the pathologies that mobilize the scientific community. Resistance to existing treatments is the basis for the search for new treatments. Some molecules such as Manzamenones have shown important antimalarial properties. These molecules belong to the family of atypical fatty acid derivatives. This work presents the relative stabilities, some reactivity properties and the privileged sites of interaction by hydrogen bond of fourteen Manzamenones and two antimalarial drugs: quinine and Artemisinin. These analyses were performed using quantum chemical calculations. We employed the two-layer ONIOM calculation method;namely ONIOM (B3LYP/6-311++G (d, p): AM1) for the fourteen Manzamenones. The geometries of the two antimalarials are calculated at B3LYP/6-311++G (d, p). The electrostatic potential (ESP) calculation of all molecules is done at the B3LYP/6-31++G (d, p) level. The formation processes of the molecules are discussed from the thermodynamic quantities we have calculated. The relative stabilities, the energies of the frontier orbitals, the energy gaps, the dipole moment, etc., are evaluated and discussed. The electrostatic potential at the molecular surface has been used to identify the sites favorable to the formation of hydrogen bonds.展开更多
In most developing countries, particularly in the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, corn cobs are considered as waste polluting the environment during the harvest period of this cereal. In order to valorize this agricu...In most developing countries, particularly in the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, corn cobs are considered as waste polluting the environment during the harvest period of this cereal. In order to valorize this agricultural waste, high-performance, inexpensive and low-energy consumption magnetic bioadsorbents were prepared from corn cobs. The chemically activated raw corn cob was magnetized by coating the surface with magnetite nanoparticles. The prepared biosorbents were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM associated with EDX, HR-TEM, TG analysis, BET surface area analysis and XPS. The maximum specific surface area of 35.22 m<sup>2</sup>/g was reached. An attempt to use of these magnetic biosorbents for the removal of heavy metal like Cr(VI) from aqueous solution was envisaged.展开更多
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are strongly associated with agricultural, residential, transportation, industrial and petroleum activities. In this study, the presence of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon...Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are strongly associated with agricultural, residential, transportation, industrial and petroleum activities. In this study, the presence of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) was investigated in sediments of the ivory coastal zone (Toukouzou Hozalem-Assinie). The main objectives of this study were to determine the abundance and to predict the source of PAHs in the sediments. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze sixteen priority PAHs. Total PAHs concentrations were from 1.31 to 3992.68 mg/kg in sediment with an average concentration of (307.54 ± 16.10) mg/kg. Among all PAHs, Naphthalene (Nap = 332.72 mg/kg) and Phenanthrene (Phe = 41.75 mg/kg) were found in the highest concentration, whereas Benzo (k) Fluoranthene was found in the least concentration in the range of 0 - 0.85 mg/kg (mean 0.24 mg/kg). Bassam-Modeste Lagune (BML) sampling site was the site with the highest concentration of total PAHs (all 16 PAHs) compared to the others due to their location in a highly populated estuary area that receives commercial, tourism, port, petroleum and heavy industrial activities. Diagnostic ratios were used to determine the sources of PAHs and suggested that the PAH profile in the sediments was dominated by 2 and 3 ring PAHs. The patterns of PAH compounds in sediment indicated that contamination is from mixed sources, with a strong indication of petrogenic contamination potentially from spills of fuel, oil and industrial activities.展开更多
This article describes the use of a boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE) as an electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous determination of omnipaque (OMP) and paracetamol (PCM) in perchloric acid medium (HClO4 0.1 M)...This article describes the use of a boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE) as an electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous determination of omnipaque (OMP) and paracetamol (PCM) in perchloric acid medium (HClO4 0.1 M) and in complex matrices such as tomato, carrot and cucumber juices and waste water from the Treichville University Hospital. Voltammetric studies allowed us to have well-defined oxidation peaks at distinct potentials of OMP (E = 0.5 V/SCE) and PCM (E = 0.7 V/SCE). Under optimized conditions, well-defined quantities of OMP and PCM, introduced simultaneously by metered additions, gave linear responses in concentration ranges of 259.8 - 467.2 μM for OMP and 58.73 - 116.3 μM PCM. The detection limits obtained are 7.23 μΜ and 3.6 μΜ respectively for OMP and PCM with recovery rates between 85.8% ± 0.1% and 92.6% ± 0.1% for OMP and between 99.9% ± 0.1% and 101.2% ± 0.4% for the PCM. This technique has been successfully used to simultaneously detect these pharmaceuticals in these complex environments. It allows recovery of OMP and PCM respectively up to 97.5% ± 0.0% and 91.6% ± 0.3% in tomato juice;100.0% ± 0.0% and 95.2% ± 0.2% in carrot juice;101.4% ± 0.1% and 97.3% ± 0.3% in cucumber juice;100.1% ± 0.9% and 100.9% ± 0.1% in wastewater. The relevance of this technique for the simultaneous detection of OMP and PCM in tomato, carrot, cucumber juices and in waste water can be studied in the context of the contamination of certain fruits and vegetables by the substances organic pharmaceuticals released into the environment without prior treatment.展开更多
Phosphorus is introduced into the aquatic environment from different point sources, mainly by domestic and industrial wastewater;contributing to the <span>eutrophication of water bodies. </span><span st...Phosphorus is introduced into the aquatic environment from different point sources, mainly by domestic and industrial wastewater;contributing to the <span>eutrophication of water bodies. </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">The most common way for wastewater dephosphation is the injection of expensive chemicals into these bodies of water</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">. Thus, the main objective of this work</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">was to find an alternative to chemicals by using clay materials from C<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;">ô</span>te d’Ivoire to adsorb phosphate</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> ions from aqueous solutions. The clay samples, taken from various regions were characterized by X-ray diffraction. They have a different mineralogical composition. The influence of various parameters such as the pH of the medium, contact time, the ion force, temperature, etc. on the adsorption was studied. Adsorption is influenced by the temperature, the pH of the medium, valence of the saturated cation and the clay composition. It is described by a kinetic model of the pseudo-second order. </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">The salt of the medium has no significant effect on the process</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">. The thermodynamic study revealed that adsorption is spontaneous, endothermic and that it is done by electrostatic means of physical nature.</span>展开更多
The paddy rice degradation remains a concern for research;the chemical phenomena underlying this process persists unknown. This research aims to identify the mechanism of starch degradation. It determines the nature o...The paddy rice degradation remains a concern for research;the chemical phenomena underlying this process persists unknown. This research aims to identify the mechanism of starch degradation. It determines the nature of the reactions between two, three and four synthons of amylose with oryzenin using theoretical methods. The ONIOM (DFT/B3LYP/6 - 31 + G(d, p): AM1) level of theory is performed on four monomers and eight complexes. Frequencies make it possible to obtain energy and spectroscopic quantities. Calculations after geometry optimization. Following this, a “single point” allows exploiting the “Natural Bond Orbital (NBO)” analysis. The first three parameters suggest that the main interactions between oryzenin and amylose arise through O29-H30…O46 hydrogen bonds (HB). Furthermore, this result posits that the length of the amylose doesn’t influence this reaction. The NBO analysis shows that this component of starch degrades first at the end of the chain to produce monosaccharides;it can also alter in the middle of the chain to give disaccharides.展开更多
Cefixime, a third-generation semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic was used as a copper corrosion inhibitor in 1M HNO<sub>3</sub> solution. The study was conducted through the weight loss technique at 29...Cefixime, a third-generation semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic was used as a copper corrosion inhibitor in 1M HNO<sub>3</sub> solution. The study was conducted through the weight loss technique at 298 - 318 K and theoretical studies based on quantum chemistry. The studied drug inhibited the corrosion of copper in 1M HNO<sub>3</sub> over the cefixime concentration range (0.02 - 2 mM). The inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in the inhibitor concentration to reach 91.07% at 2 mM, but decreased with an increase in temperature. The thermodynamic functions related to the adsorption of cefixime on the copper surface and that of the metal dissolution were computed and analyzed. The results point out spontaneous adsorption, mainly through a physisorption mechanism following Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and an endothermic dissolution process. Quantum chemical calculations were also performed at B3LYP level with 6-31G (d, p) basis set and lead to molecular descriptors such as E<sub>HOMO</sub> (energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital), E<sub>LUMO</sub> (energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital), Δ<i>E</i> (energy gap) and <i>μ<span style="white-space:normal;"></span></i> (dipole moment). The global reactivity descriptors such as <span style="white-space:normal;"><i></i></span><i>χ<span style="white-space:normal;"></span></i> (electronegativity), <span style="white-space:normal;"><i></i></span><i>χ<span style="white-space:normal;"></span></i> (global hardness), <span style="white-space:normal;"><i></i></span><i>S<span style="white-space:normal;"></span></i> (global softness), and <span style="white-space:normal;"><i></i></span><i>ω<span style="white-space:normal;"></span></i> (electrophilicity index) were derived using Koopman’s theorem and analyzed. The local reactivity parameters, including Fukui functions and dual descriptors were determined and discussed. Experimental and theoretical results were found to be in good agreement.展开更多
Lannea kerstingii is known for its multiple therapeutic and biological activities. Despite of many traditional uses of this plant, scientific research on the content of its chemical compounds is still limited. This st...Lannea kerstingii is known for its multiple therapeutic and biological activities. Despite of many traditional uses of this plant, scientific research on the content of its chemical compounds is still limited. This study aims to isolate the chemical compounds contained in the n-butanol fraction of Lannea kerstingii leaves. The chemical investigation of the leaves of Lannea kerstingii led to isolation of three undescribed C-13 norisoprenoids, lankerstinol A-C (1-3), together with six (4-9) known flavonoid glycosides. The structures of these compounds were established by spectroscopic analyses.展开更多
Understanding the molecular factors of rice degradation during its aging concerns our research team. This article emphasizes oryzenin-amylopectin. It aims to reveal the mechanism of amylopectin deterioration during ri...Understanding the molecular factors of rice degradation during its aging concerns our research team. This article emphasizes oryzenin-amylopectin. It aims to reveal the mechanism of amylopectin deterioration during rice aging. The research exploits the Natural Bond Analysis and ONION method at theory level DFT/B3LYP/6-31+G(d, p) and AM1. This methodological approach allows highlighting amylopectin transformation;oryzenin converts amylopectin into amyloidosis in continuous. This led to monosaccharides and disaccharides.展开更多
A series of 2-<span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">benzylthio</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span>...A series of 2-<span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">benzylthio</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pyrimidines (</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">6a-l</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 2-(benzimidazolylmethylthio</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pyrimidines derivatives (</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">6m</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">6n</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) analogues of ethyl 2-(benzylthio)-6-methyl-</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylates and ethyl 2-(((1H-benzimi</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">da</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">zol-</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2-yl)methyl)thio)-6-methyl-4-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyri</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">midine-5-carboxy</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">l</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ates</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were prepared and evaluated for antibacterial activity. These com</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pounds were </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">obtained by condensation of 2-thiopyrimidines (</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) with benzyl halides or</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 2-</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(chloromethyl)-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1H</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-benzimidazole (</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">5</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) in the presence of a base. All com</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pounds were characterized by </span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">H, </span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">13</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C and HRMS spectra. Out of fourteen, only eight compounds were screened against multi-resistant strains of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Escherichia</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">coli</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Staphylococcus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aureus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The results revealed that all of them were found </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to possess significant antibacterial activity against the germs tested.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Compounds </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">6c</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">6d</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">6h</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">6m</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were more active on </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aureus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and compounds </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">6h</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">6m</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> more active on </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">E</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">coli</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span>展开更多
This work aimed to synthesis a novel material that would be able to efficiently remove both organic and microbiological pollutants from wastewater. Through the hydrothermal process, we first doped titanium dioxide, a ...This work aimed to synthesis a novel material that would be able to efficiently remove both organic and microbiological pollutants from wastewater. Through the hydrothermal process, we first doped titanium dioxide, a semiconductor possessing excellent photocatalytic properties with silver nanoparticles having good antibacterial properties. The obtained material was then associated with clay known for its good adsorbent properties to form [AgTiO<sub>2</sub>]:[clay] type nanocomposites. The different mass composition of [AgTiO<sub>2</sub>]:[clay] considered in this work were 1:1;1:0.5;1:0.1;1:0.05 and 1:0.01. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized by means of XRD, FTIR and SEM techniques. Results revealed the presence of TiO<sub>2</sub> anatase and Ag on the surface of the clay mainly composed of kaolinite and quartz. The photocatalytic activities of the nanocomposites were tested in the presence of synthetic Orange II (25 mg/L) wastewater under visible light irradiation. The experiments demonstrated that organic pollutants were effectively photodegraded when the proportion of clay in the mixture (AgTiO<sub>2</sub>)-(Clay) was inferior or equaled to 50%. The use of commercial TiO<sub>2</sub>, for comparison purpose, showed a lower degradation efficiency of the Orange II solution (η < 30%). The antibacterial properties of the nanocomposites [AgTiO<sub>2</sub>]:[clay] were also assessed in the presence of two types of bacteria E. coli (Gram negative) and S. aureus (Gram positive). The antibacterial activities of the nanocomposites were characterized with and without UV irradiation. In dark conditions, the antibacterial activities of nanocomposites (AgTiO<sub>2</sub>)-(Clay) against S. aureus gradually increased with increasing the clay amount. Under visible light irradiation, the nanocomposites showed a significant antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus.展开更多
A systematic study was carried out to assess the level of contamination with fluorides and heavy metals in the drinking water of the city of Daloa as well as the risks to the health of consumers. The waters of 11.11% ...A systematic study was carried out to assess the level of contamination with fluorides and heavy metals in the drinking water of the city of Daloa as well as the risks to the health of consumers. The waters of 11.11% of the sites sampled exceeded the fluoride limit for drinking water with a contamination index (CI) greater than 0. All the waters recorded concentrations of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb) above the recommended values with CI > 0. However, 22.22% of the sites recorded concentrations below the standard for zinc (Zn) with IC < 0. The assessment of adverse effects on human health showed that the chronic daily intake (CDI) of fluorine and metals was less than 1 (CDI < 1) for both adults and children except for Zn where the CDI > 1 for children in 22.22% of drinking water studied. HQs have an average of less than 1 for fluorine and greater than 1 for all metals. Moreover, the danger indices have values greater than 1. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and the total ILCR are above the recommended values. These results showed that the drinking water sampled is of poor quality due to higher levels of heavy metals, which can constitute a danger to human health. Long-term use of one of these poor quality waters can lead to cancer in consumers. It is therefore necessary to treat this water in order to eliminate the metals before using it for drinking. This study can help decision-makers and competent authorities in charge of water management.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">A series of novel substituted benzimidazole </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(7a</span></b><b><span style...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">A series of novel substituted benzimidazole </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(7a</span></b><b><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></b><b><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n)</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> derivatives w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> synthesized and characterized by </span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">H, </span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">13</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS). The substitution w</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">as</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> done in position -1 and -2 by appropriate groups. These compounds are obtained by N-alkylation reaction with thiomethyl-1</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">H</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-benzimidazole intermediates </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(5a</span></b></span><b><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></b><b><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g)</span></b><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Design of intermediates </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(5a</span></b></span><b><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></b><b><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g)</span></b><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was made by condensation reaction between 2-methylbenzimidazole thiourunium salt </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(3)</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and functionalized halides </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(4)</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in the presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Among the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">twenty-one compounds synthesized, ten were evaluated for their antimi</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">crobial activity on three bacterial strains namely: </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Escherichia</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">coli</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ATCC 25922, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Staphylococcus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aureus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ATCC 25923 and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pseudomonas</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aeruginosa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ATCC 27853. Only </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">E.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">coli</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ATTC 25922 was susceptible to the synthesized derivatives </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">5g</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">7f</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">7h</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> with a significant antibacterial activity (CMI </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">is </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">between 250 and 500 μg/mL)</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span>展开更多
From (2,3-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-perimidin-2-yl)-phenyl, the substitution of OH group in <i>ortho</i> or <i>para</i> position on the phenyl ring, allows us to synthesize the studied comp...From (2,3-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-perimidin-2-yl)-phenyl, the substitution of OH group in <i>ortho</i> or <i>para</i> position on the phenyl ring, allows us to synthesize the studied compounds. These three compounds have been characterized by conventional spectroscopic methods (NMR and MS). The interest of this work is to review the antioxidant activity of our compounds. The antioxidant activity screening carried out according to FRAP and DPPH methods revealed significant anti-free radical properties for compounds 1 and 2 even at low concentrations. In contrast to the compound 2, compound 3 for which the OH group is substituted in <i>para</i> position has the lowest activity in both cases. Therefore the <i>para</i> position seems to be the least sensitive position to increase the antioxidant activity of this pharmacophore.展开更多
A new flavonoid, acacetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (1), together with four known flavonoids, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (2), acacetin (3), acace...A new flavonoid, acacetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (1), together with four known flavonoids, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (2), acacetin (3), acacetin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide (4) and genkwanin-5-O-primveroside (5) were isolated from the leaves of Glyphaea brevis. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. The isolated compounds (1 - 5) were tested for their antioxidant activity using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The tested compounds showed slight negative antioxidant activities against DPPH radicals.展开更多
<i><span style="font-family:;" "=""><i></i></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "="">Moringa oleifera</span></i>...<i><span style="font-family:;" "=""><i></i></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "="">Moringa oleifera</span></i><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""></span></i></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> is an edible plant cultivated throughout the tropical belt. It belongs to the family Moringaceae and is one of its 14 known species. This paper presents a synthesis of the main factors responsible for the retention of trace metal elements (TMEs) by </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:;" "="">Moringa oleifera</span></i><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""></span></i></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> seed powder, a natural adsorbent. The five main factors studied are metal concentration, solution pH, adsorbent particle size, adsorbent dose and adsorbent/adsorbate contact time. Through these factors, we present the optimal conditions for removal of these TMEs, as well as adsorption isotherm models appropriate for the conditions of retention of these metal cations by the adsorbent. The times of 20 min (GD) and 50 min (GND) are the equilibrium times obtained in our study. An optimal adsorbent mass (GD and GND powders) of 4.5 g was found. 20</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">%</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> to 97% abatement is observed for average pH values between 6 and 8. The coefficients of determination (R2) obtained (0.972</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">,</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> 0.963</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">,</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> 0.991 and 0.799) during the isotherm experiments carried out at 20</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">°</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">C, 30</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">°</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">C, 40</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">°</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">C and 50</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">°</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">C are close to 1. Also, the separation factor (R<sub>L</sub>), an essential characteristic of the Langmuir isotherm whose values are between 0 and 1, attest to the applicability of the Langmuir isotherm model to fit the experimental data of copper adsorption by Moringa powders.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> In this paper, we are particularly interested in the following TMEs (Mn, Ni, Cr, Cu, Cd, Co, Pb, Fe, Zn, Ag).</span>展开更多
A previous study was conducted on the synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of Mannich bases of 2-(thioalkyl)-1H-methylbenzimidazole derivatives. The results of this study showed that certain 2-(thioalkyl)-1H-methylb...A previous study was conducted on the synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of Mannich bases of 2-(thioalkyl)-1H-methylbenzimidazole derivatives. The results of this study showed that certain 2-(thioalkyl)-1H-methylbenzimidazole and 2-(thioalkyl)-methyl-1-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)benzimidazole derivatives possess antibacterial activities against clinical strains, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia (Gram-negative bacteria), Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-positive bacteria). Following these favorable results, we extended the antibacterial evaluation of this series of molecules to environmental strains. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the methyl-piperidine group fixed at position-1 of this new series of benzimidazoles on the antibacterial activity of environmental strains. In addition, we first evaluated the antibacterial activity of four 2-(thioalkyl)methylbenzimidazole derivatives and then that of five 2-(thioalkyl)-methyl-1-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl) benzimidazole derivatives. This study allowed us to show that compounds 1d and 1e could inhibit bacterial growth in vitro of the Enterobacteria P1 strain with inhibition diameters of 17.3 ± 0.6 mm and 10 ± 0.0 mm, respectively. However, addition of methyl-piperidinyl in this series showed that five (5) of 2-(thioalkyl)-methyl-1-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl) benzimidazole derivatives had an inhibitory effect on the in vitro growth of bacterial strains used except on Enterobacteria P2 with inhibition diameters between 10.0 ± 0.8 mm and 27.9 ± 1.4 mm. The introduction of the methyl-piperidinyl group at the 1-position of 2-(thioalkyl)-1H-methylbenzimidazole derivatives greatly improved the antibacterial activity against environmental bacteria such as Escherichia coli A1, A2, A3, and A4 and two Enterobacteria P1.展开更多
Uvaria tortilis is a lianescent annonaceous species endemic to the Côte d’Ivoire where it is used to treat amenorrhea and as uterotonic. Thus, the MeOH crude extract of its stem barks was investigated in orde...Uvaria tortilis is a lianescent annonaceous species endemic to the Côte d’Ivoire where it is used to treat amenorrhea and as uterotonic. Thus, the MeOH crude extract of its stem barks was investigated in order to determine the chemical composition. A new C-benzyl hydroxlated, uvriatortilisin (1), together with six known compounds, dichamanetin (2), β-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4), chamanetin (5), uvaretin (6) and (-)-epicatechin (7), were isolated. Structure of these compounds was elucidated using spectroscopic techniques, including IR, UV, MS and NMR (1D and 2D). Certain compounds could be considered to have chemotaxonomic value.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Due to the continuous emergence and rapid spread of drug-resistant strains of bacteria, there is an urgent need for the development of novel antimicrobials. Along thi...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Due to the continuous emergence and rapid spread of drug-resistant strains of bacteria, there is an urgent need for the development of novel antimicrobials. Along this line, the synthesis and antibacterial activity of 4,5-diphenylimidazol-2-thiol derivatives <strong>2a-g</strong> and <strong>6a-e</strong> are reported. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS). All compounds were screened <em>in vitro</em> for their antibacterial activity against <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em> (Gram-negative bacteria) and also against <em>Staphyloccocus aureus</em> and <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> (Gram-positive bacteria). The results showed most of the synthesized compounds have no antibacterial activity. However compound <strong>6d</strong> was two-fold potent than ciprofloxacin against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 4 μg/mL and <strong>6c</strong> showed moderate biological activity against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (16 μg/mL) and <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> (16 μg/mL).</span>展开更多
文摘Activated carbon made from the shells of Ricinodendron heudelotii was used to remove the remazol black dye in aqueous solution. The results of the characterization of this carbon revealed that it is microporous, with a basic global surface (0.337 mmol/L) and a specific surface of 612 m<sup>2</sup>/g. The prepared carbon therefore has excellent adsorbent properties. Kinetic and thermodynamic studies were carried out to describe the adsorption mechanism of remazol black on this carbon. It appears from this study that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model is the best suited to describe this adsorption phenomenon with an equilibrium time of 200 min. The adsorption equilibrium study revealed that Langmuir and Freundlich models can help to describe the adsorption process. We note that the optimum pH and optimum mass for the removal of 20 mg/L of remazol black are 3 and 0.25 g, respectively. This carbon made it possible to eliminate more than 98% of the remazol dye in aqueous solution. The thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption is of the physisorption type, spontaneous and endothermic.
文摘Malaria is a real public health problem. It’s one of the pathologies that mobilize the scientific community. Resistance to existing treatments is the basis for the search for new treatments. Some molecules such as Manzamenones have shown important antimalarial properties. These molecules belong to the family of atypical fatty acid derivatives. This work presents the relative stabilities, some reactivity properties and the privileged sites of interaction by hydrogen bond of fourteen Manzamenones and two antimalarial drugs: quinine and Artemisinin. These analyses were performed using quantum chemical calculations. We employed the two-layer ONIOM calculation method;namely ONIOM (B3LYP/6-311++G (d, p): AM1) for the fourteen Manzamenones. The geometries of the two antimalarials are calculated at B3LYP/6-311++G (d, p). The electrostatic potential (ESP) calculation of all molecules is done at the B3LYP/6-31++G (d, p) level. The formation processes of the molecules are discussed from the thermodynamic quantities we have calculated. The relative stabilities, the energies of the frontier orbitals, the energy gaps, the dipole moment, etc., are evaluated and discussed. The electrostatic potential at the molecular surface has been used to identify the sites favorable to the formation of hydrogen bonds.
文摘In most developing countries, particularly in the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, corn cobs are considered as waste polluting the environment during the harvest period of this cereal. In order to valorize this agricultural waste, high-performance, inexpensive and low-energy consumption magnetic bioadsorbents were prepared from corn cobs. The chemically activated raw corn cob was magnetized by coating the surface with magnetite nanoparticles. The prepared biosorbents were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, FE-SEM associated with EDX, HR-TEM, TG analysis, BET surface area analysis and XPS. The maximum specific surface area of 35.22 m<sup>2</sup>/g was reached. An attempt to use of these magnetic biosorbents for the removal of heavy metal like Cr(VI) from aqueous solution was envisaged.
文摘Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are strongly associated with agricultural, residential, transportation, industrial and petroleum activities. In this study, the presence of PAHs (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) was investigated in sediments of the ivory coastal zone (Toukouzou Hozalem-Assinie). The main objectives of this study were to determine the abundance and to predict the source of PAHs in the sediments. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to analyze sixteen priority PAHs. Total PAHs concentrations were from 1.31 to 3992.68 mg/kg in sediment with an average concentration of (307.54 ± 16.10) mg/kg. Among all PAHs, Naphthalene (Nap = 332.72 mg/kg) and Phenanthrene (Phe = 41.75 mg/kg) were found in the highest concentration, whereas Benzo (k) Fluoranthene was found in the least concentration in the range of 0 - 0.85 mg/kg (mean 0.24 mg/kg). Bassam-Modeste Lagune (BML) sampling site was the site with the highest concentration of total PAHs (all 16 PAHs) compared to the others due to their location in a highly populated estuary area that receives commercial, tourism, port, petroleum and heavy industrial activities. Diagnostic ratios were used to determine the sources of PAHs and suggested that the PAH profile in the sediments was dominated by 2 and 3 ring PAHs. The patterns of PAH compounds in sediment indicated that contamination is from mixed sources, with a strong indication of petrogenic contamination potentially from spills of fuel, oil and industrial activities.
文摘This article describes the use of a boron-doped diamond electrode (BDDE) as an electrochemical sensor for the simultaneous determination of omnipaque (OMP) and paracetamol (PCM) in perchloric acid medium (HClO4 0.1 M) and in complex matrices such as tomato, carrot and cucumber juices and waste water from the Treichville University Hospital. Voltammetric studies allowed us to have well-defined oxidation peaks at distinct potentials of OMP (E = 0.5 V/SCE) and PCM (E = 0.7 V/SCE). Under optimized conditions, well-defined quantities of OMP and PCM, introduced simultaneously by metered additions, gave linear responses in concentration ranges of 259.8 - 467.2 μM for OMP and 58.73 - 116.3 μM PCM. The detection limits obtained are 7.23 μΜ and 3.6 μΜ respectively for OMP and PCM with recovery rates between 85.8% ± 0.1% and 92.6% ± 0.1% for OMP and between 99.9% ± 0.1% and 101.2% ± 0.4% for the PCM. This technique has been successfully used to simultaneously detect these pharmaceuticals in these complex environments. It allows recovery of OMP and PCM respectively up to 97.5% ± 0.0% and 91.6% ± 0.3% in tomato juice;100.0% ± 0.0% and 95.2% ± 0.2% in carrot juice;101.4% ± 0.1% and 97.3% ± 0.3% in cucumber juice;100.1% ± 0.9% and 100.9% ± 0.1% in wastewater. The relevance of this technique for the simultaneous detection of OMP and PCM in tomato, carrot, cucumber juices and in waste water can be studied in the context of the contamination of certain fruits and vegetables by the substances organic pharmaceuticals released into the environment without prior treatment.
文摘Phosphorus is introduced into the aquatic environment from different point sources, mainly by domestic and industrial wastewater;contributing to the <span>eutrophication of water bodies. </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">The most common way for wastewater dephosphation is the injection of expensive chemicals into these bodies of water</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">. Thus, the main objective of this work</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">was to find an alternative to chemicals by using clay materials from C<span style="color:#4F4F4F;font-family:-apple-system, "font-size:16px;white-space:normal;background-color:#F7F7F7;">ô</span>te d’Ivoire to adsorb phosphate</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> ions from aqueous solutions. The clay samples, taken from various regions were characterized by X-ray diffraction. They have a different mineralogical composition. The influence of various parameters such as the pH of the medium, contact time, the ion force, temperature, etc. on the adsorption was studied. Adsorption is influenced by the temperature, the pH of the medium, valence of the saturated cation and the clay composition. It is described by a kinetic model of the pseudo-second order. </span><span style="font-family:;" "="">The salt of the medium has no significant effect on the process</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">. The thermodynamic study revealed that adsorption is spontaneous, endothermic and that it is done by electrostatic means of physical nature.</span>
文摘The paddy rice degradation remains a concern for research;the chemical phenomena underlying this process persists unknown. This research aims to identify the mechanism of starch degradation. It determines the nature of the reactions between two, three and four synthons of amylose with oryzenin using theoretical methods. The ONIOM (DFT/B3LYP/6 - 31 + G(d, p): AM1) level of theory is performed on four monomers and eight complexes. Frequencies make it possible to obtain energy and spectroscopic quantities. Calculations after geometry optimization. Following this, a “single point” allows exploiting the “Natural Bond Orbital (NBO)” analysis. The first three parameters suggest that the main interactions between oryzenin and amylose arise through O29-H30…O46 hydrogen bonds (HB). Furthermore, this result posits that the length of the amylose doesn’t influence this reaction. The NBO analysis shows that this component of starch degrades first at the end of the chain to produce monosaccharides;it can also alter in the middle of the chain to give disaccharides.
文摘Cefixime, a third-generation semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotic was used as a copper corrosion inhibitor in 1M HNO<sub>3</sub> solution. The study was conducted through the weight loss technique at 298 - 318 K and theoretical studies based on quantum chemistry. The studied drug inhibited the corrosion of copper in 1M HNO<sub>3</sub> over the cefixime concentration range (0.02 - 2 mM). The inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in the inhibitor concentration to reach 91.07% at 2 mM, but decreased with an increase in temperature. The thermodynamic functions related to the adsorption of cefixime on the copper surface and that of the metal dissolution were computed and analyzed. The results point out spontaneous adsorption, mainly through a physisorption mechanism following Langmuir adsorption isotherm model and an endothermic dissolution process. Quantum chemical calculations were also performed at B3LYP level with 6-31G (d, p) basis set and lead to molecular descriptors such as E<sub>HOMO</sub> (energy of the highest occupied molecular orbital), E<sub>LUMO</sub> (energy of the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital), Δ<i>E</i> (energy gap) and <i>μ<span style="white-space:normal;"></span></i> (dipole moment). The global reactivity descriptors such as <span style="white-space:normal;"><i></i></span><i>χ<span style="white-space:normal;"></span></i> (electronegativity), <span style="white-space:normal;"><i></i></span><i>χ<span style="white-space:normal;"></span></i> (global hardness), <span style="white-space:normal;"><i></i></span><i>S<span style="white-space:normal;"></span></i> (global softness), and <span style="white-space:normal;"><i></i></span><i>ω<span style="white-space:normal;"></span></i> (electrophilicity index) were derived using Koopman’s theorem and analyzed. The local reactivity parameters, including Fukui functions and dual descriptors were determined and discussed. Experimental and theoretical results were found to be in good agreement.
文摘Lannea kerstingii is known for its multiple therapeutic and biological activities. Despite of many traditional uses of this plant, scientific research on the content of its chemical compounds is still limited. This study aims to isolate the chemical compounds contained in the n-butanol fraction of Lannea kerstingii leaves. The chemical investigation of the leaves of Lannea kerstingii led to isolation of three undescribed C-13 norisoprenoids, lankerstinol A-C (1-3), together with six (4-9) known flavonoid glycosides. The structures of these compounds were established by spectroscopic analyses.
文摘Understanding the molecular factors of rice degradation during its aging concerns our research team. This article emphasizes oryzenin-amylopectin. It aims to reveal the mechanism of amylopectin deterioration during rice aging. The research exploits the Natural Bond Analysis and ONION method at theory level DFT/B3LYP/6-31+G(d, p) and AM1. This methodological approach allows highlighting amylopectin transformation;oryzenin converts amylopectin into amyloidosis in continuous. This led to monosaccharides and disaccharides.
文摘A series of 2-<span style="font-family:Verdana;">(</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">benzylthio</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pyrimidines (</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">6a-l</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) and</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 2-(benzimidazolylmethylthio</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)-</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pyrimidines derivatives (</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">6m</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">6n</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) analogues of ethyl 2-(benzylthio)-6-methyl-</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyrimidine-5-carboxylates and ethyl 2-(((1H-benzimi</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">da</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">zol-</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">2-yl)methyl)thio)-6-methyl-4-phenyl-1,4-dihydropyri</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">midine-5-carboxy</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">l</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ates</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were prepared and evaluated for antibacterial activity. These com</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pounds were </span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">obtained by condensation of 2-thiopyrimidines (</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">4</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) with benzyl halides or</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> 2-</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(chloromethyl)-</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1H</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-benzimidazole (</span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">5</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">) in the presence of a base. All com</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pounds were characterized by </span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">H, </span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">13</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C and HRMS spectra. Out of fourteen, only eight compounds were screened against multi-resistant strains of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Escherichia</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">coli</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Staphylococcus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aureus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. The results revealed that all of them were found </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">to possess significant antibacterial activity against the germs tested.</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Compounds </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">6c</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">6d</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">6h</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">6m</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> were more active on </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aureus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and compounds </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">6h</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">6m</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> more active on </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">E</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">coli</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span></span>
文摘This work aimed to synthesis a novel material that would be able to efficiently remove both organic and microbiological pollutants from wastewater. Through the hydrothermal process, we first doped titanium dioxide, a semiconductor possessing excellent photocatalytic properties with silver nanoparticles having good antibacterial properties. The obtained material was then associated with clay known for its good adsorbent properties to form [AgTiO<sub>2</sub>]:[clay] type nanocomposites. The different mass composition of [AgTiO<sub>2</sub>]:[clay] considered in this work were 1:1;1:0.5;1:0.1;1:0.05 and 1:0.01. The prepared nanocomposites were characterized by means of XRD, FTIR and SEM techniques. Results revealed the presence of TiO<sub>2</sub> anatase and Ag on the surface of the clay mainly composed of kaolinite and quartz. The photocatalytic activities of the nanocomposites were tested in the presence of synthetic Orange II (25 mg/L) wastewater under visible light irradiation. The experiments demonstrated that organic pollutants were effectively photodegraded when the proportion of clay in the mixture (AgTiO<sub>2</sub>)-(Clay) was inferior or equaled to 50%. The use of commercial TiO<sub>2</sub>, for comparison purpose, showed a lower degradation efficiency of the Orange II solution (η < 30%). The antibacterial properties of the nanocomposites [AgTiO<sub>2</sub>]:[clay] were also assessed in the presence of two types of bacteria E. coli (Gram negative) and S. aureus (Gram positive). The antibacterial activities of the nanocomposites were characterized with and without UV irradiation. In dark conditions, the antibacterial activities of nanocomposites (AgTiO<sub>2</sub>)-(Clay) against S. aureus gradually increased with increasing the clay amount. Under visible light irradiation, the nanocomposites showed a significant antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus.
文摘A systematic study was carried out to assess the level of contamination with fluorides and heavy metals in the drinking water of the city of Daloa as well as the risks to the health of consumers. The waters of 11.11% of the sites sampled exceeded the fluoride limit for drinking water with a contamination index (CI) greater than 0. All the waters recorded concentrations of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb) above the recommended values with CI > 0. However, 22.22% of the sites recorded concentrations below the standard for zinc (Zn) with IC < 0. The assessment of adverse effects on human health showed that the chronic daily intake (CDI) of fluorine and metals was less than 1 (CDI < 1) for both adults and children except for Zn where the CDI > 1 for children in 22.22% of drinking water studied. HQs have an average of less than 1 for fluorine and greater than 1 for all metals. Moreover, the danger indices have values greater than 1. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and the total ILCR are above the recommended values. These results showed that the drinking water sampled is of poor quality due to higher levels of heavy metals, which can constitute a danger to human health. Long-term use of one of these poor quality waters can lead to cancer in consumers. It is therefore necessary to treat this water in order to eliminate the metals before using it for drinking. This study can help decision-makers and competent authorities in charge of water management.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">A series of novel substituted benzimidazole </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(7a</span></b><b><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></b><b><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">n)</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> derivatives w</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">ere</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> synthesized and characterized by </span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">1</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">H, </span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">13</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS). The substitution w</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">as</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> done in position -1 and -2 by appropriate groups. These compounds are obtained by N-alkylation reaction with thiomethyl-1</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">H</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-benzimidazole intermediates </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(5a</span></b></span><b><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></b><b><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g)</span></b><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Design of intermediates </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(5a</span></b></span><b><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">-</span></b><b><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span></b><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">g)</span></b><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> was made by condensation reaction between 2-methylbenzimidazole thiourunium salt </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(3)</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and functionalized halides </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(4)</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> in the presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Among the </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">twenty-one compounds synthesized, ten were evaluated for their antimi</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">crobial activity on three bacterial strains namely: </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Escherichia</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">coli</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ATCC 25922, </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Staphylococcus</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aureus</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ATCC 25923 and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Pseudomonas</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">aeruginosa</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ATCC 27853. Only </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">E.</span></i> <i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">coli</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> ATTC 25922 was susceptible to the synthesized derivatives </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">5g</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">7f</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and </span><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;">7h</span></b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> with a significant antibacterial activity (CMI </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">is </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">between 250 and 500 μg/mL)</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">.</span>
文摘From (2,3-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-perimidin-2-yl)-phenyl, the substitution of OH group in <i>ortho</i> or <i>para</i> position on the phenyl ring, allows us to synthesize the studied compounds. These three compounds have been characterized by conventional spectroscopic methods (NMR and MS). The interest of this work is to review the antioxidant activity of our compounds. The antioxidant activity screening carried out according to FRAP and DPPH methods revealed significant anti-free radical properties for compounds 1 and 2 even at low concentrations. In contrast to the compound 2, compound 3 for which the OH group is substituted in <i>para</i> position has the lowest activity in both cases. Therefore the <i>para</i> position seems to be the least sensitive position to increase the antioxidant activity of this pharmacophore.
文摘A new flavonoid, acacetin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (1), together with four known flavonoids, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 2)-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (2), acacetin (3), acacetin-7-O-β-D-glucuronide (4) and genkwanin-5-O-primveroside (5) were isolated from the leaves of Glyphaea brevis. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques. The isolated compounds (1 - 5) were tested for their antioxidant activity using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The tested compounds showed slight negative antioxidant activities against DPPH radicals.
文摘<i><span style="font-family:;" "=""><i></i></span><i><span style="font-family:;" "="">Moringa oleifera</span></i><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""></span></i></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> is an edible plant cultivated throughout the tropical belt. It belongs to the family Moringaceae and is one of its 14 known species. This paper presents a synthesis of the main factors responsible for the retention of trace metal elements (TMEs) by </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><i></i></span><i><i><span style="font-family:;" "="">Moringa oleifera</span></i><i><span style="font-family:;" "=""></span></i></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""> seed powder, a natural adsorbent. The five main factors studied are metal concentration, solution pH, adsorbent particle size, adsorbent dose and adsorbent/adsorbate contact time. Through these factors, we present the optimal conditions for removal of these TMEs, as well as adsorption isotherm models appropriate for the conditions of retention of these metal cations by the adsorbent. The times of 20 min (GD) and 50 min (GND) are the equilibrium times obtained in our study. An optimal adsorbent mass (GD and GND powders) of 4.5 g was found. 20</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">%</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> to 97% abatement is observed for average pH values between 6 and 8. The coefficients of determination (R2) obtained (0.972</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">,</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> 0.963</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">,</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> 0.991 and 0.799) during the isotherm experiments carried out at 20</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">°</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">C, 30</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">°</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">C, 40</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">°</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">C and 50</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">°</span><span style="font-family:;" "="">C are close to 1. Also, the separation factor (R<sub>L</sub>), an essential characteristic of the Langmuir isotherm whose values are between 0 and 1, attest to the applicability of the Langmuir isotherm model to fit the experimental data of copper adsorption by Moringa powders.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> In this paper, we are particularly interested in the following TMEs (Mn, Ni, Cr, Cu, Cd, Co, Pb, Fe, Zn, Ag).</span>
文摘A previous study was conducted on the synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of Mannich bases of 2-(thioalkyl)-1H-methylbenzimidazole derivatives. The results of this study showed that certain 2-(thioalkyl)-1H-methylbenzimidazole and 2-(thioalkyl)-methyl-1-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)benzimidazole derivatives possess antibacterial activities against clinical strains, such as Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia (Gram-negative bacteria), Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Gram-positive bacteria). Following these favorable results, we extended the antibacterial evaluation of this series of molecules to environmental strains. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the methyl-piperidine group fixed at position-1 of this new series of benzimidazoles on the antibacterial activity of environmental strains. In addition, we first evaluated the antibacterial activity of four 2-(thioalkyl)methylbenzimidazole derivatives and then that of five 2-(thioalkyl)-methyl-1-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl) benzimidazole derivatives. This study allowed us to show that compounds 1d and 1e could inhibit bacterial growth in vitro of the Enterobacteria P1 strain with inhibition diameters of 17.3 ± 0.6 mm and 10 ± 0.0 mm, respectively. However, addition of methyl-piperidinyl in this series showed that five (5) of 2-(thioalkyl)-methyl-1-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl) benzimidazole derivatives had an inhibitory effect on the in vitro growth of bacterial strains used except on Enterobacteria P2 with inhibition diameters between 10.0 ± 0.8 mm and 27.9 ± 1.4 mm. The introduction of the methyl-piperidinyl group at the 1-position of 2-(thioalkyl)-1H-methylbenzimidazole derivatives greatly improved the antibacterial activity against environmental bacteria such as Escherichia coli A1, A2, A3, and A4 and two Enterobacteria P1.
文摘Uvaria tortilis is a lianescent annonaceous species endemic to the Côte d’Ivoire where it is used to treat amenorrhea and as uterotonic. Thus, the MeOH crude extract of its stem barks was investigated in order to determine the chemical composition. A new C-benzyl hydroxlated, uvriatortilisin (1), together with six known compounds, dichamanetin (2), β-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4), chamanetin (5), uvaretin (6) and (-)-epicatechin (7), were isolated. Structure of these compounds was elucidated using spectroscopic techniques, including IR, UV, MS and NMR (1D and 2D). Certain compounds could be considered to have chemotaxonomic value.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">Due to the continuous emergence and rapid spread of drug-resistant strains of bacteria, there is an urgent need for the development of novel antimicrobials. Along this line, the synthesis and antibacterial activity of 4,5-diphenylimidazol-2-thiol derivatives <strong>2a-g</strong> and <strong>6a-e</strong> are reported. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) and High Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HRMS). All compounds were screened <em>in vitro</em> for their antibacterial activity against <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em> (Gram-negative bacteria) and also against <em>Staphyloccocus aureus</em> and <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> (Gram-positive bacteria). The results showed most of the synthesized compounds have no antibacterial activity. However compound <strong>6d</strong> was two-fold potent than ciprofloxacin against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of 4 μg/mL and <strong>6c</strong> showed moderate biological activity against <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> (16 μg/mL) and <em>Enterococcus faecalis</em> (16 μg/mL).</span>