The exploitation of fossil resources to meet humanity’s energy needs is the root cause of the climate warming phenomenon facing the planet. In this context, non-carbon-based energies, such as photovoltaic energy, are...The exploitation of fossil resources to meet humanity’s energy needs is the root cause of the climate warming phenomenon facing the planet. In this context, non-carbon-based energies, such as photovoltaic energy, are identified as crucial solutions. Organic perovskites MAPbI<sub>3</sub> and FAPbI<sub>3</sub>, characterized by their abundance, low cost, and ease of synthesis, are emerging as candidates for study to enhance their competitiveness. It is within this framework that this article presents a comparative analysis of the performances of MAPbI<sub>3</sub> and FAPbI<sub>3</sub> perovskites in the context of photovoltaic devices. The analysis focuses on the optoelectronic characteristics and stability of these high-potential materials. The optical properties of perovskites are rigorously evaluated, including band gaps, photoluminescence, and light absorption, using UV-Vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence techniques. The crystal structure is characterized by X-ray diffraction, while film morphology is examined through scanning electron microscopy. The results reveal significant variations between the two types of perovskites, directly impacting the performance of resulting solar devices. Simultaneously, the stability of perovskites is subjected to a thorough study, exposing the materials to various environmental conditions, highlighting key determinants of their durability. Films of MAPbI<sub>3</sub> and FAPbI<sub>3</sub> demonstrate distinct differences in terms of topography, optical performance, and stability. Research has unveiled that planar perovskite solar cells based on FAPbI<sub>3</sub> offer higher photoelectric conversion efficiency, surpassing their MAPbI<sub>3</sub>-based counterparts in terms of performance. These advancements aim to overcome stability constraints and enhance the long-term durability of perovskites, ultimately aiming for practical application of these materials. This comprehensive comparative analysis provides an enlightened understanding of the optoelectronic performance and stability of MAPbI<sub>3</sub> and FAPbI<sub>3</sub> perovskites, which is critically important to guide future research and development of solar devices that are both more efficient and sustainable.展开更多
A systematic study was carried out to assess the level of contamination with fluorides and heavy metals in the drinking water of the city of Daloa as well as the risks to the health of consumers. The waters of 11.11% ...A systematic study was carried out to assess the level of contamination with fluorides and heavy metals in the drinking water of the city of Daloa as well as the risks to the health of consumers. The waters of 11.11% of the sites sampled exceeded the fluoride limit for drinking water with a contamination index (CI) greater than 0. All the waters recorded concentrations of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb) above the recommended values with CI > 0. However, 22.22% of the sites recorded concentrations below the standard for zinc (Zn) with IC < 0. The assessment of adverse effects on human health showed that the chronic daily intake (CDI) of fluorine and metals was less than 1 (CDI < 1) for both adults and children except for Zn where the CDI > 1 for children in 22.22% of drinking water studied. HQs have an average of less than 1 for fluorine and greater than 1 for all metals. Moreover, the danger indices have values greater than 1. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and the total ILCR are above the recommended values. These results showed that the drinking water sampled is of poor quality due to higher levels of heavy metals, which can constitute a danger to human health. Long-term use of one of these poor quality waters can lead to cancer in consumers. It is therefore necessary to treat this water in order to eliminate the metals before using it for drinking. This study can help decision-makers and competent authorities in charge of water management.展开更多
文摘The exploitation of fossil resources to meet humanity’s energy needs is the root cause of the climate warming phenomenon facing the planet. In this context, non-carbon-based energies, such as photovoltaic energy, are identified as crucial solutions. Organic perovskites MAPbI<sub>3</sub> and FAPbI<sub>3</sub>, characterized by their abundance, low cost, and ease of synthesis, are emerging as candidates for study to enhance their competitiveness. It is within this framework that this article presents a comparative analysis of the performances of MAPbI<sub>3</sub> and FAPbI<sub>3</sub> perovskites in the context of photovoltaic devices. The analysis focuses on the optoelectronic characteristics and stability of these high-potential materials. The optical properties of perovskites are rigorously evaluated, including band gaps, photoluminescence, and light absorption, using UV-Vis spectroscopy and photoluminescence techniques. The crystal structure is characterized by X-ray diffraction, while film morphology is examined through scanning electron microscopy. The results reveal significant variations between the two types of perovskites, directly impacting the performance of resulting solar devices. Simultaneously, the stability of perovskites is subjected to a thorough study, exposing the materials to various environmental conditions, highlighting key determinants of their durability. Films of MAPbI<sub>3</sub> and FAPbI<sub>3</sub> demonstrate distinct differences in terms of topography, optical performance, and stability. Research has unveiled that planar perovskite solar cells based on FAPbI<sub>3</sub> offer higher photoelectric conversion efficiency, surpassing their MAPbI<sub>3</sub>-based counterparts in terms of performance. These advancements aim to overcome stability constraints and enhance the long-term durability of perovskites, ultimately aiming for practical application of these materials. This comprehensive comparative analysis provides an enlightened understanding of the optoelectronic performance and stability of MAPbI<sub>3</sub> and FAPbI<sub>3</sub> perovskites, which is critically important to guide future research and development of solar devices that are both more efficient and sustainable.
文摘A systematic study was carried out to assess the level of contamination with fluorides and heavy metals in the drinking water of the city of Daloa as well as the risks to the health of consumers. The waters of 11.11% of the sites sampled exceeded the fluoride limit for drinking water with a contamination index (CI) greater than 0. All the waters recorded concentrations of cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and lead (Pb) above the recommended values with CI > 0. However, 22.22% of the sites recorded concentrations below the standard for zinc (Zn) with IC < 0. The assessment of adverse effects on human health showed that the chronic daily intake (CDI) of fluorine and metals was less than 1 (CDI < 1) for both adults and children except for Zn where the CDI > 1 for children in 22.22% of drinking water studied. HQs have an average of less than 1 for fluorine and greater than 1 for all metals. Moreover, the danger indices have values greater than 1. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) and the total ILCR are above the recommended values. These results showed that the drinking water sampled is of poor quality due to higher levels of heavy metals, which can constitute a danger to human health. Long-term use of one of these poor quality waters can lead to cancer in consumers. It is therefore necessary to treat this water in order to eliminate the metals before using it for drinking. This study can help decision-makers and competent authorities in charge of water management.
