Application of Statistical Design of Experiments to Performance Analysis of Charcoal Cooks Stoves

The Design of Experiments (DOE) and the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) are used to determine the effect of fuel type, fuel initial load, secondary air inlet and ventilation on thermal efficiency and CO emission of two biomass fire cookstoves during boiling or simmering. Analysis of variance with Fischer’s statistical test (F-test) and Newman-Keuls test were applied to establish the influence of the independent parameters on the studied responses. The results of this study are useful to application of charcoal cooks stoves.

Proximate Analysis of Alternatives Cooking Solides Fuels in Sub Saharan by Using Astm Standards

A number of persistent problems have been associated with the supply of traditional domestic fuels in developing countries and particularly in rural areas, including deforestation, scarcity of fuel wood and the high cost of fossil fuels. The use of biomass fuels derived from agricultural waste biomass, generally available in large quantities, has been advocated. This article, therefore, presents some bio-fuels in use or in acceptability test phase in some countries of West Africa and particularly in Senegal but also their characteristics, compared to those of wood or wood charcoal. Samples were prepared and analyzed for moisture content, ash content, volatiles mater, fixed carbon and calorific value. The results indicate that charcoal and bio-charcoal (not mixed with clay) have the best calorific value, while pellets and typha briquettes have the best results in volatile matter and fixed carbon. The results of moisture are generally satisfactory against the use of clay as a binder detrimental to fuel performance. These results suggest that pellets and bio-fuels are used as an energy source for domestic purposes;that the binder is changed in others;pelletizing and briquetting transformations are expanded in other residues such as rice husks, peanut shells.

Minority Carrier Diffusion Coefficient <i>D</i>*(<i>B,T</i>): Study in Temperature on a Silicon Solar Cell under Magnetic Field

This work deals with minority carrier diffusion coefficient study in silicon solar cell, under both temperature and applied magnetic field. New expressions of diffusion coefficient are pointed out, which gives attention to thermal behavior of minority carrier that is better understood with Umklapp process. This study allowed to determine an optimum temperature which led to maximum diffusion coefficient value while magnetic field remained constant.

A Solvation Model for Performance Enhancement of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

A solubility model for Merocyanine-540 dye together with the interface’s electron transfer kinetics of MC-540/TiO2 has been investigated(Merocyanine 540-based dye has been used effectively in dye-sensitized solar cells).The highest absorption peaks were recorded at 489 nm and 493 nm in Water and Ethanol solvent,vs.the vacuum phase which yielded 495 nm(associated with a modest electron injection-free energy value(
Ginj)of−2.34 eV for both Water and Ethanol solvents).The time-dependent density functional theory(TD-DFT)method approach has been applied in this simulation.Additionally,the electronic structure and simulated UV-Vis spectra of the dye in different solvents have been determined,and the alignment with the solar spectrum has been discussed to a certain extent.The energy level diagrams and electron density of the primary molecular orbitals are shown,and the major issues that have an impact on our new interface’s performance are examined.It is concluded that the proposed Solvation Model(SM)can improve the performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.

Effect of SnCl2 and SnCl4 precursors on SnSx thin films prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis

Thin films of SnSx,semiconductors,have been successfully synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis technique,using two precursors namely：tin（II）chloride and tin（IV）chloride,respectively.The solutions were prepared by the dilution of different Sn molarities of the two precursors separately.The precursor molarities were varied from 0.04 to 0.07 mol/L,whereas that of S was fixed at 0.1 mol/L.The present work focuses on the effect of the different precursor’s molarities on the nature and the properties of the prepared thin films in order to optimize the growth conditions.X-ray diffraction analysis reveals that the precursor’s molarities alter the grain size of the prepared films,which varied from 8 to 14 nm and from 12 to 16 nm,according to the used precursor.The films analysis by SEM,shows that the SnS2 films are more dense and smooth than the SnS films.The composition of the elements is analysed with an EDX spectrometer,and the obtained result for M（sn）=0：07 mol/L indicates that the atomic ratio of Sn to S is 51.57：48：43 and 36：64 for films synthesized from the first and second precursors respectively.Electrical measurements show that the conductivity behavior depends on the used precursors and their molarities.