Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2) infection can progress to a severe respiratory and systemic disease named coronavirus disease–2019(COVID-19). The most common symptoms are fever and respira...Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2) infection can progress to a severe respiratory and systemic disease named coronavirus disease–2019(COVID-19). The most common symptoms are fever and respiratory discomfort. Nevertheless, gastrointestinal infections have been reported, with symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and lack of appetite. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 can remain positive in fecal samples after nasopharyngeal clearance. After gastrointestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection and other viral gastrointestinal infections, some patients may develop alterations in the gastrointestinal microbiota. In addition, some COVID-19 patients may receive antibiotics, which may also disturb gastrointestinal homeostasis. In summary, the gastrointestinal system, gut microbiome, and gut-lung axis may represent an important role in the development, severity, and treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, in this review, we explore the current pieces of evidence of COVID-19 gastrointestinal manifestations, possible implications, and interventions.展开更多
The recent manuscript reviewed investigations involving liver damage in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients,and COVID-19 in patients with previous chronic hepatological diseases,such as patients with liver graf...The recent manuscript reviewed investigations involving liver damage in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients,and COVID-19 in patients with previous chronic hepatological diseases,such as patients with liver graft.The literature presents several conflicting results concerning the anti-SARS-CoV-2 response in patients with solid organ transplants,in liver transplant recipients.Therefore,we would like to humbly state a few points for consideration involving liver transplant recipients and COVID-19,such as the time since transplantation,comorbidities,and immunosuppressive regimens.展开更多
Recent manuscripts described the incidence of vitamin D hypovitaminosis in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients.Vitamin D deficiency is also common in patients with comorbidities that are associated with a poor ...Recent manuscripts described the incidence of vitamin D hypovitaminosis in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients.Vitamin D deficiency is also common in patients with comorbidities that are associated with a poor COVID-19 prognosis.In this letter,we review the literature regarding the association of comorbidities,vitamin D deficiency,and COVID-19.展开更多
基金Supported by RWA holds a fellowship from FundaÇǎo de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Sāo Paulo (FAPESP),No.19/02679-7。
文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2(SARS-CoV-2) infection can progress to a severe respiratory and systemic disease named coronavirus disease–2019(COVID-19). The most common symptoms are fever and respiratory discomfort. Nevertheless, gastrointestinal infections have been reported, with symptoms such as diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and lack of appetite. Importantly, SARS-CoV-2 can remain positive in fecal samples after nasopharyngeal clearance. After gastrointestinal SARS-CoV-2 infection and other viral gastrointestinal infections, some patients may develop alterations in the gastrointestinal microbiota. In addition, some COVID-19 patients may receive antibiotics, which may also disturb gastrointestinal homeostasis. In summary, the gastrointestinal system, gut microbiome, and gut-lung axis may represent an important role in the development, severity, and treatment of COVID-19. Therefore, in this review, we explore the current pieces of evidence of COVID-19 gastrointestinal manifestations, possible implications, and interventions.
基金Fundação de AmparoàPesquisa do Estado de São Paulo(FAPESP),No.19/02679-7 and No.20/13148-0.
文摘The recent manuscript reviewed investigations involving liver damage in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients,and COVID-19 in patients with previous chronic hepatological diseases,such as patients with liver graft.The literature presents several conflicting results concerning the anti-SARS-CoV-2 response in patients with solid organ transplants,in liver transplant recipients.Therefore,we would like to humbly state a few points for consideration involving liver transplant recipients and COVID-19,such as the time since transplantation,comorbidities,and immunosuppressive regimens.
基金RWA holds a fellowship from Fundação de AmparoàPesquisa do Estado de São Paulo(FAPESP),No.19/02679-7.
文摘Recent manuscripts described the incidence of vitamin D hypovitaminosis in coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patients.Vitamin D deficiency is also common in patients with comorbidities that are associated with a poor COVID-19 prognosis.In this letter,we review the literature regarding the association of comorbidities,vitamin D deficiency,and COVID-19.
