Objective:To synthesize magnesium oxide nanoparticles using ethanol extract of shoots of Plicosepalus curviflorus(PC-MgONPs)and evaluate the antimicrobial,antioxidant,and anti-proliferative activities of PC-MgONPs.Met...Objective:To synthesize magnesium oxide nanoparticles using ethanol extract of shoots of Plicosepalus curviflorus(PC-MgONPs)and evaluate the antimicrobial,antioxidant,and anti-proliferative activities of PC-MgONPs.Methods:The green synthesized PC-MgONPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible(UV),Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,zeta potential,energy dispersive X-ray,and scanning electron microscopy.Furthermore,we investigated total antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial and anti-proliferative activities using breast cancer cell lines(MDA-231).Results:The UV spectrum of PC-MgONPs showed a sharp absorption peak at 300 nm.The presence of magnesium,oxygen,and sodium was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis.Scanning electron microscopy revealed PC-MgONPs as roughly spherical granular structures with sizes ranging from 20.0 to 76.4nm.PC-MgONPs showed considerable antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans with zones of inhibition of 11-17 mm.In addition,total antioxidant capacity and anti-proliferative activity of PC-MgONPs against MDA-231 cells were dose-dependent.Conclusions:The synthesized PC-MgONPs could be a potent antimicrobial,antioxidant and anti-cancer agent,which needs further investigation.展开更多
Background and objectives: Diabetes is a chronic multifactorial disease which requires a variety of strategies to reduce its epidemic. Type 2 diabetes (T2MD) is the most common form of diabetes which results from inef...Background and objectives: Diabetes is a chronic multifactorial disease which requires a variety of strategies to reduce its epidemic. Type 2 diabetes (T2MD) is the most common form of diabetes which results from inefficiency of insulin secretion or resistance to insulin action, both of which lead to chronic hyperglycemia. Lipid peroxidation is an oxidative stress process that involve in T2DM complications. This study aimed to 1) determine plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as a biomarker for lipid peroxidation in Sudanese patients with T2DM, and 2) assess the associations between MDA and diabetes-related variables. Material and Methods: This case-control study was conducted from November 2022 to June 2023 at the National University, Sudan. It included 100 participants, of whom 50 were T2DM patients and 50 were healthy controls. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, and biochemical markers (FBS, HbA1c, and MDA) were collected. The NycoCard HbA1c method and the GOD-POD Method were used for HbA1c and glucose measurement, respectively. MDA was determined by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version. Results: Significant differences were observed between T2DM patients and healthy controls in FBS (P = 0.000), HbA1c (P = 0.000), and MDA (P = 0.010), with T2DM patients exhibiting higher levels. The study revealed a strong positive correlation between MDA levels and the duration of diabetes (r = 0.69, P = 0.00), while other variables, including age, BMI, and glucose control, did not significantly correlate with MDA levels. Conclusion: Findings revealed elevated MDA levels in Sudanese T2DM patients, with a positive correlation between MDA and diabetes duration. These findings emphasize the importance of oxidative stress in T2DM pathogenesis and call for the need for targeted strategies to mitigate oxidative damage and improve diabetes care.展开更多
One of the most complex tasks for computer-aided diagnosis(Intelligent decision support system)is the segmentation of lesions.Thus,this study proposes a new fully automated method for the segmentation of ovarian and b...One of the most complex tasks for computer-aided diagnosis(Intelligent decision support system)is the segmentation of lesions.Thus,this study proposes a new fully automated method for the segmentation of ovarian and breast ultrasound images.The main contributions of this research is the development of a novel Viola–James model capable of segmenting the ultrasound images of breast and ovarian cancer cases.In addition,proposed an approach that can efficiently generate region-of-interest(ROI)and new features that can be used in characterizing lesion boundaries.This study uses two databases in training and testing the proposed segmentation approach.The breast cancer database contains 250 images,while that of the ovarian tumor has 100 images obtained from several hospitals in Iraq.Results of the experiments showed that the proposed approach demonstrates better performance compared with those of other segmentation methods used for segmenting breast and ovarian ultrasound images.The segmentation result of the proposed system compared with the other existing techniques in the breast cancer data set was 78.8%.By contrast,the segmentation result of the proposed system in the ovarian tumor data set was 79.2%.In the classification results,we achieved 95.43%accuracy,92.20%sensitivity,and 97.5%specificity when we used the breast cancer data set.For the ovarian tumor data set,we achieved 94.84%accuracy,96.96%sensitivity,and 90.32%specificity.展开更多
The traditional Chinese medicine(Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f., TWH) has been clinically used to treat primary and secondary renal diseases and proteinuria for nearly 40 years. However, there is a rare literature a...The traditional Chinese medicine(Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f., TWH) has been clinically used to treat primary and secondary renal diseases and proteinuria for nearly 40 years. However, there is a rare literature about the effect of triptolide(the main active ingredient of TWH) on the expression of oxidative carbonyl protein(OCP) in diabetic nephropathy(DN). This study aimed to provide experimental evidence for triptolide treatment on DN through its effect on the expression of OCP, in order to investigate the effects of triptolide on the expression of OCP in rats with DN. Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group, high-dose triptolide(Th) group, low-dose triptolide(Tl) group, DN model group, and positive control(benazepril) group. The DN model was established using streptozotocin. Urinary protein excretion, fasting blood glucose(FBG), superoxide dismutase(SOD) in renal homogenate, malondialdehyde(MDA) in renal homogenate and renal nitrotyrosine by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of OCP by oxyblotimmune blotting were detected. In the DN model group, rat urinary protein excretion and renal MDA were significantly increased, while renal SOD significantly decreased and nitrotyrosine expression was obviously upregulated in the kidney. After triptolide treatment, 24-h urinary protein excretion(61.96±19.00 vs. 18.32±4.78 mg/day, P〈0.001), renal MDA(8.09±0.79 vs. 5.45±0.68 nmol/L, P〈0.001), and nitrotyrosine expression were decreased. Furthermore, renal OCP significantly decreased, while renal SOD(82.50±19.10 vs. 124.00±20.52 U/L, P〈0.001) was elevated. This study revealed that triptolide can down-regulate the expression of OCP in the renal cortex of DN rats.展开更多
Aim: To determine the prevalence and risk of anemia in type-2 diabetes mellitus. In addition, the incidence and risk of anemia in these patients were assessed according to gender and glycemic control status. Methods: ...Aim: To determine the prevalence and risk of anemia in type-2 diabetes mellitus. In addition, the incidence and risk of anemia in these patients were assessed according to gender and glycemic control status. Methods: The study group comprised 200 patients with type-2 diabetes. Patients were divided into groups according to glycemic control and gender. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood glucose level, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) of subjects were evaluated. The presence of anemia was defined by a hemoglobin level 6.5%, fasting blood glucose >126 mg/dl and random blood glucose >200 mg/dl. Result: 63% of diabetic patients had anemia. There was higher incidence and risk of anemia in females (36%) as compared to males (27%) (p 7.5% (49.5%) compared to those with controlled diabetes HbA1C < 7.5% (13.5%) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study indicated that poor glycemic control and gender difference are associated with the incidence of anemia in type II diabetes. Our findings suggest the need of screening for anemia in diabetes out-patient clinics. Routine hematological tests along with blood glucose level should be mandatory in order to make therapeutic decisions for the treatment of anemia in type II diabetes mellitus.展开更多
Background: Viruses of the Herpes viridae family infect 90% of the Earth’s population. Humans are the hosts of at least nine unique herpes viruses. Aim: This study is aimed at evaluating the seroprevalence of type sp...Background: Viruses of the Herpes viridae family infect 90% of the Earth’s population. Humans are the hosts of at least nine unique herpes viruses. Aim: This study is aimed at evaluating the seroprevalence of type specific herpes simplex virus infection and the associated risk factors in a cross-section of asymptomatic healthy women of childbearing age in Kogi state, Nigeria. Methodology: A total of 330 females of child bearing age (15 - 49 years) participated in this study. They were recruited from various local government areas of three Senatorial districts of Kogi state. Blood samples were collected from participants and analyzed for HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibodies (IgG) quantitatively with ELISA kit. Results: The overall prevalence of HSV was 76.7%. Data further show that majority (96.4%) of the population studied had HSV-1, while 77% had HSV-2 infections. Results also showed that the young adults indicated prevalence of 95.7% for HSV-1 and 74.7% for HSV-2, while in the middle aged, the prevalence were 98.6% for HSV-1, and 84.9% for HSV-2. 99.2% of the married women were positive for HSV-1, while 86.9% were positive for HSV-2. 94.5% of the unmarried women were positive for HSV-1, while 70.5% were positive for HSV-2. The risk of HVS-1 or VS-2 infections was not associated with age, age of first sexual exposure and number sex partners before marriage. Married women were at greater risk for HSV-1 (p = 0.03) and HSV-2 (p ≤ 0.001) infections compared to the unmarried women. Conclusion: The prevalence of the HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections was high among asymptomatic healthy women of childbearing age in Kogi state, Nigeria. Efforts should be made to increase the awareness of HSV infection among the child bearing populace.展开更多
Aim: We demonstrated the risk of developing islet autoantibodies-Insulin Autoanti-bodies (IAAs) and Islets cell Autoantibodies (ICAs)-in type-1 diabetic relatives and newly diagnosed type-1 patients compared to non-di...Aim: We demonstrated the risk of developing islet autoantibodies-Insulin Autoanti-bodies (IAAs) and Islets cell Autoantibodies (ICAs)-in type-1 diabetic relatives and newly diagnosed type-1 patients compared to non-diabetic controls. We also aimed to determine the predictive strengths of both autoantibodies in the development of type-1 diabetes mellitus, and which of the two autoantibodies is a better predictive marker of type-1 diabetes mellitus among Nigerian adults. Methodology: A total number of four hundred and fifty five (455) subjects (211 (46%) males, and 244 (54%) females) aged between 35 - 76 years were recruited for the study. IAA and ICA levels were estimated using ELISA reagents from Biomerica Inc. Other parameters such as fasting blood sugar, urine glucose, and urine protein were assessed using standard biochemical techniques. Results: Relatives of type-1 diabetic patients and newly diagnosed type-1 diabetic patients were at greater risk (p < 0.05) of testing positive for more than one autoantibody (ICA and IAA) compared to non-diabetic controls. In addition, IAAs appeared to be better predictors or markers of type-1 diabetes mellitus compared to ICAs. Conclusion: The present study indicated a greater risk of autoim-mune destruction of the insulin producing beta cells of the pancrease of the type-1 relatives and newly diagnosed type-1 patients and suggests the need for periodic re-cruitment of individuals in the general population, siblings and relatives of type-1 diabetic patients for planned intervention trials. In addition, IAAs appeared to be better autoimmune markers of type-1 diabetes compared to ICAs.展开更多
Objective MicroRNAs are fine regulators for gene expression during the post-transcriptional stage in many autoimmune diseases.HypoxamiRs(miR-210 and miR-21)play an important role in hypoxia and in inflammation-associa...Objective MicroRNAs are fine regulators for gene expression during the post-transcriptional stage in many autoimmune diseases.HypoxamiRs(miR-210 and miR-21)play an important role in hypoxia and in inflammation-associated hypoxia.Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that would potentiate many pathological complications,including hemolytic anemia.This study aimed to investigate the role of hypoxamiRs in SLE/hemolytic anemia patients.Methods This work was designed to analyze the circulating levels of↱the miR-210 and miR-21 expressions and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-α)in SLE/hemolytic anemia patients.SLE activity was evaluated for all patients by SLE Disease Activity Index(SLEDAI).Clinical manifestations/complications and serological/hematological investigations were reported.HIF-αconcentration was assayed by ELISA and expression of miR-21 and miR-210 was analyzed by qRT-PCR.Results The results indicated that the fold change of the miR-210/miR-21 expressions in plasma was significantly elevated in SLE/hemolytic anemia patients.A strong positive correlation between the miR-210 and miR-21 expression levels was also recorded.Among the associated-disease complications,hypertension,arthritis,oral ulcers,and serositis were associated with a high circulating miR-210 expression,while the occurrence of renal disorders was associated with the increased miR-21 expression.Furthermore,the HIF-αlevel was remarkably elevated in SLE/hemolytic anemia patients.A high positive correlation was recorded between the HIF-αconcentration and miR-210/miR-21 expression levels.The occurrence of oral ulcers,arthritis,and hypertension was associated with the increased HIF-αconcentration.On the other hand,SLEDAI and white blood cell count were positively correlated with miR-21/miR-210.The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was positively correlated with miR-21.Conclusion The dysregulation of the circulating miR-210/miR-210/HIF-1αlevels in SLE/hemolytic anemia patients advocated that the hypoxia pathway might have an essential role in the pathogenesis and complications of these diseases.展开更多
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. An increased incidence of different types of breast cancer has been reported. This study was ...Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. An increased incidence of different types of breast cancer has been reported. This study was designed to evaluate the different types of breast cancer and its possible risk of neoplasmic transformation to an advanced malignant stage from a benign tumor. The histochemical patterns of collagen fibers in the benign and malignant breast lesions were evaluated. From the 50 tissue samples, 25 were malignant breast lesions and 25 were benign breast tumor. Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE), Van Gieson staining were performed to detect a benign and malignant tumor as well as collagen fibers. We found that significant cases after age of 35 were associated with ductal carcinoma while most of the cases within the age of 25 years were associated with fibrocystic changes. The intensity of collagen fiber was higher to Ductal Carcinoma while negative and less intense for Fibroblastic changes. Furthermore, a consistent association of other lesions, such as Lobular Carcinoma, Fibroadenoma, Papilloma and Fat necrosis and noticeable staining for collagen was observed for the different lesion. Our study suggested that women with age of 25 with benign lesion of fibrocystic change and ductal carcinoma are highly susceptible to develop advanced malignant tumor with age. Therefore, quantitative measurement of collagen fiber and regular follow-up are recommended to avoid the possible risk of developing advanced malignant lesions.展开更多
Aim: To determine the incidence of anemia in type-2 diabetic patients with normal renal function and assess the association of other factors related to diabetes with the risk of anemia. Methods: The study group compri...Aim: To determine the incidence of anemia in type-2 diabetic patients with normal renal function and assess the association of other factors related to diabetes with the risk of anemia. Methods: The study group comprised 72 patients with type-2 diabetes. Patients were divided into groups according to glycemic control, gender and age. Serum creatinine, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of subjects were measured. The presence of anemia was defined by a he- moglobin level 7.5%) compared to those with controlled diabetes (≤7.5%) and in patients of age ≥ 60 yrs compared to those of age < 60 yrs (p < 0.05). The odds of anemia was similar in males and females (p = 0.26). Conclusion: This study indicated that poor glycemic control and old age are associated with the incidence of anemia in type-2 diabetics with normal renal function. Our findings suggest that treatment criteria for diabetes should include routine hematological tests and take into consideration the inevitable consequences of ageing, and poor glycemic control.展开更多
Seeds from soybean collected from different commercial markets were surveyed for seed-borne fungi.Ninetyeight fungal colonies were isolated all over three monthly isolations constituting twenty-two fungal species.The ...Seeds from soybean collected from different commercial markets were surveyed for seed-borne fungi.Ninetyeight fungal colonies were isolated all over three monthly isolations constituting twenty-two fungal species.The isolated fungi were belonging to the genera:Alternaria,Aspergillus,Cephalosporium,Chaetomium,Cladosporium,Colletotrichum,Curvularia,Fusarium,Macrophomina,Mucor,Penicillium,Rhizoctonia,Rhizopus,Sclerotium,Stemphylium,and Verticillium.Assay of the antifungal activity of four ethanolic extracts of clove,cinnamon,garlic,and mint was carried out against the most common fungal species(Aspergillus flavus,A.niger,Fusarium solani,F.oxysporium,and F.moniliforme),which significantly reduced the growth of tested fungi.Clove extract recorded the highest antimicrobial potentiality against the seed-borne fungal species,followed by cinnamon,garlic,and mint.Clove and cinnamon achieved minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)values less than that of the reference antifungal drug fluconazole.Simultaneously,garlic and mint recorded MIC values equal to or higher than that of control.A combination of clove and cinnamon,clove and garlic,cinnamon and garlic,cinnamon,and mint extracts increased the mean relative activity percentage.They decreased MIC values below their values when used individually;this indicated synergistic interaction between the two extracts.A combination of clove with mint and garlic with mint recorded a decrease in the percentage of mean relative activity and an increase in MIC values than their values when used individually,indicating antagonistic interaction between them.展开更多
Recurring miscarriage(RM)is a frustrating reproductive complication with variable etiology.Numerous genetic defects have been known to play a crucial role in the etiology of RM.Chromosomal abnormalities are frequently...Recurring miscarriage(RM)is a frustrating reproductive complication with variable etiology.Numerous genetic defects have been known to play a crucial role in the etiology of RM.Chromosomal abnormalities are frequently detected,while other genetic defects cannot be diagnosed through routine research,such as cryptic chromosomal anomalies,single nucleotide polymorphism,single-gene defect,and gene copy number variation.Diagnostic laboratories have recently used variable advanced techniques to detect potential genetic abnormalities in couples with RM and/or in products of conception.Here we aim to summarize the known genetic causes of RM,with a focus on the new diagnostic techniques.Knowledge of the genetic profile of miscarriages is important for prognosis and potential counseling planning,as well as the prenatal diagnostic strategy in subsequent pregnancies.展开更多
Objective:To describe the profile and geographical distribution of reported cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL)in the province of Hail,Saudi Arabia from 2010 to 2013.Methods:Human data were collected from the dermato...Objective:To describe the profile and geographical distribution of reported cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL)in the province of Hail,Saudi Arabia from 2010 to 2013.Methods:Human data were collected from the dermatology service of both King Khaled and General Hail hospitals.Results:A total of 483 confirmed CL cases were investigated.Cutaneous leishmaniasis follows a seasonal distribution related to the activity of the phlebotomine sand fly fauna.Both saudi and non saudi patients were almost equally infected.The number of reported cases of CL in men was higher than that in females.The frequency of CL was asoociated with age and increased in teenager and adult group.By analyzing the geographical distribution,the majority of Hail districts were affected with this disease.However it is more prevalent in Hail city.Conclusions:The lack of data concerning the parasite,the sand fly fauna and the existing transmission cycles in Hail province make difficult to interpret the reported results and to follow up the spatio-temporal evolution of the disease.展开更多
Background: There are pockets of evidence to show the existence of co-infections of viral particles in humans. Aim: The study aimed at evaluating the CD4+ T cell count among women of reproductive age co-infected with ...Background: There are pockets of evidence to show the existence of co-infections of viral particles in humans. Aim: The study aimed at evaluating the CD4+ T cell count among women of reproductive age co-infected with human immune virus, hepatitis surface antigen and herpes simplex virusin Kogi state, Nigeria. Methodology: 342 females of reproductive age within the ages of 15 - 49 years participated in this study. They were recruited from various local government areas of three Senatorial districts of Kogi state. Blood samples were collected from participants and analyzed for HSV1/HSV2, HIV, HBsAg and CD4 using different scientific methods and procedures. Results: There was no significant differences in mean CD4+ T cell counts between subjects who tested positive and those who tested negative for only HSV1 (p = 0.61), HSV2 (p = 0.95), HIV (p = 0.48) and co-infection for HSV1, HSV2, HIV (0.68). In contrast, mean CD4+ T cell count was significantly higher in those who tested positive compared with those who tested negative for HBsAg alone (p = 0.03) and those co-infected with HSV1, HSV2, HBsAg (p = 0.01). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated no significant differences in CD4+ T cell counts among the different classes of infections. Conclusion: This study shows no decline in the count of CD4+ T cell on the co-infections of HSV1, HSV2 and HIV, but higher significant difference in those co-infected with HSV1, HSV2 and HBsAg was recorded among the women of child bearing age in Kogi state.展开更多
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is a prevalent cancer in some areas of southern Asia.To explore the potential of photodynamic therapy(PDT)for the treatment of NPC,a small molecule prodrug 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA)and it...Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is a prevalent cancer in some areas of southern Asia.To explore the potential of photodynamic therapy(PDT)for the treatment of NPC,a small molecule prodrug 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA)and its methyl ester(MAL)mediated PDT was studied in vitro.The results showed that human NPC cells were sensitive to both ALA-and MAL-mediated PDT.However,ALA was more effective than MAL,possiblly due to a higher efficiency of ALA on producing endogenous protoporphyrin(PpIX)in NPC cells.Neither ALA nor MAL caused any significant genotoxicity.The ALA-based PDT might be a useful modality in the treatment ofNPC.展开更多
Background: Blood-urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid and electrolytes are important biomarkers of renal function which could be considered as suitable prognostic indicators of renal dysfunction. Aim: The aim of this...Background: Blood-urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid and electrolytes are important biomarkers of renal function which could be considered as suitable prognostic indicators of renal dysfunction. Aim: The aim of this work was to assess renal biomarkers of renal function in commercial automobile workers in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Methodology: A total of 158 males within the ages of 18 - 60 years participated in this study, 50 of which are control subjects. They were recruited for this study from various workshops in Benin City, while controls are unexposed volunteers. Results: It was observed that serum uric acid, urea, creatinine, chloride and bicarbonate levels in all the exposed groups were significantly higher (p Conclusion: This study indicated greater levels of some renal biomarkers in automobile workers compared with the controls. In addition, blood urea levels were elevated above normal range of values. These findings suggest that the occupationally exposed automobile workers may be at risk of renal diseases. This calls for urgent need for policy formulation that will prevent the vulnerable groups from kidney damage.展开更多
Background: It is established that glycemic control measures involving diet and oral medication reduce glycated hemoglobin concentration (HbA1c) in type-2 diabetic patients. Aim: We aimed to determine whether HbA1c re...Background: It is established that glycemic control measures involving diet and oral medication reduce glycated hemoglobin concentration (HbA1c) in type-2 diabetic patients. Aim: We aimed to determine whether HbA1c reduction after diabetic treatment is affected by age, gender, level of adiposity and diabetes duration in type-2 diabetic patients. Methods: One hundred and four type-2 diabetic patients participated in a 20-week diabetic control therapy involving oral medication (metformin) and lifestyle intervention (diet). We compared the HbA1c reduction after treatment between the elderly and non-elderly;males and females;overweight/obese and non-overweight/obese;and long-standing and newly diagnosed patients. Results: After the treatment, participants had mean HbA1c reduction of 1.1 ± 1.31% and weight loss of 2.46 ± 1.79 kg. Forty-six (44.2%) of the patients had acceptable HbA1c level of p p p < 0.001), respectively. HbA1c reduction did not indicate significant sex differences. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that treatment criteria for type-2 diabetes should account for the age, level of adiposity and diabetes duration of the patient in order to make optimal therapeutic decisions for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in adults.展开更多
Malaria infection has been a very serious public health problem in Nigeria and most parts of Africa. Development of antimalarial treatments capable of providing a permanent cure for malaria has been a herculean task f...Malaria infection has been a very serious public health problem in Nigeria and most parts of Africa. Development of antimalarial treatments capable of providing a permanent cure for malaria has been a herculean task for drug researchers. A trial of a novel, proprietary blend formulation (TriantimalTM) in gel caps for children (n = 112) and water-soluble, 18.51 nm diameter, NutraNanoSphereTM encapsulated TriantimalTM drops for babies (19.9 Months ± 8.7 SD, n = 15) was conducted in Osogbo, Nigeria. The enrolled subjects were screened for malaria, treated with TriantimalTM for 16 consecutive days and sera collected on days 0, 5, 10, 16, 30, 60, and 730. Also, 31 of the children donated buffy coat samples for the gene expression studies when sera were collected. The children showed 90.2% parasite-free at 60 days and 85.1% at 730 days. The babies revealed 93.3% parasite-free at 60 days. These data show for the first time a real possibility for a cure of malaria in Nigeria. The one-time, low dose, extended treatment and synergism of the natural components minimize the ability of the parasites to develop resistance, while boosting the immune system. Indeed, the DNA amplification data showed that all aspects of the humoral, innate, and innate defensin immunity are involved in the long-term immunity against P. falciparum in which may be termed a type of “in vivo immunization”.展开更多
Since Type 1 diabetes(T1DM)occurs whenβ-cells mass is reduced to less than 20%of the normal level due to autoimmune destruction of cells resulting in the inability to secrete insulin,preservation or replenishment of ...Since Type 1 diabetes(T1DM)occurs whenβ-cells mass is reduced to less than 20%of the normal level due to autoimmune destruction of cells resulting in the inability to secrete insulin,preservation or replenishment of the functionalβ-cells mass has become a major therapeutic focus for this diabetic type treatment.Thus,this 4-week work plan was designed to determine which mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)type is more appropriate to alleviate pancreatic hazards resulting from diabetes induction;via tracking a comparative study between MSCs derived from adipose tissue(AD-MSCs)and from bone marrow(BM-MSCs)in management of T1DM considering their immunomodulatory,anti-apoptotic and antioxidative roles.Rats were divided randomly into 4 groups;control,STZdiabetic(D),D+AD-MSCs,and D+BM-MSCs groups.Both stem cells types in this study were allogenic.Herein,both oxidative stress and antioxidant markers were evaluated using colorimetric analysis,while inflammatory,immune and apoptotic markers were assessed through flow cytometric analysis.Results showed that diabetic rats treated with either AD-MSCs or BM-MSCs exhibited marked pancreatic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that were able to initiate pancreatic immunomodulation and reducingβ-cells apoptotic death,thus,help to restore their normal insulin secretion and hypoglycemic abilities.However,AD-MSCs injection was shown to be superior as a pancreatic regenerative tool in overcoming diabetes;owing to their marked antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,immunomodulatory,and anti-apoptotic characteristics over BM-MSCs treatment.展开更多
Aim: The study aimed at evaluating the seroprevalence of H. pylori infection and its associated risk factors in a cross-section of asymptomatic adult population in Niger-Delta, Nigeria. Methodology: 408 apparently hea...Aim: The study aimed at evaluating the seroprevalence of H. pylori infection and its associated risk factors in a cross-section of asymptomatic adult population in Niger-Delta, Nigeria. Methodology: 408 apparently healthy volunteers, aged between 18 - 87 years were recruited for this study. Blood samples were collected from participants and analyzed for H. pylori antibody (IgG) qualitatively with Combo rapid kits and quantitatively with Accu-Bind ELISA Kits. Results: The overall prevalence of Helicobacter pylori colonization in 408 asymptomatic adults was 52.5% (n = 214) and 48.3% (n = 197) by qualitative (Combo rapid kits) and quantitative (Accu-Bind ELISA Kits) serological test methods respectively. H. pylori infection did not differ statistically between genders (p = 0.962) and among age groups (p = 0.185). In addition, multivariate logistic regression indicated that sex and age were not associated with risk of H. pylori. However, participants from Delta Central were at greater risk (OR = 1.89;p = 0.014) of H. pylori infection compared with those from Delta South, but those from Delta North were not at greater risk of infection compared with those from Delta South (p = 0.476). Conclusion: This study indicated an intermediate seroprevalence of H. pylori among asymptomatic adults in Delta state, Nigeria. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was linked to geographical regions but not with sex and age.展开更多
基金funded by the Researchers Supporting Project Number(RSPD2023R656)King Saud University+1 种基金RiyadhSaudi Arabia。
文摘Objective:To synthesize magnesium oxide nanoparticles using ethanol extract of shoots of Plicosepalus curviflorus(PC-MgONPs)and evaluate the antimicrobial,antioxidant,and anti-proliferative activities of PC-MgONPs.Methods:The green synthesized PC-MgONPs were characterized by ultraviolet-visible(UV),Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy,zeta potential,energy dispersive X-ray,and scanning electron microscopy.Furthermore,we investigated total antioxidant capacity and antimicrobial and anti-proliferative activities using breast cancer cell lines(MDA-231).Results:The UV spectrum of PC-MgONPs showed a sharp absorption peak at 300 nm.The presence of magnesium,oxygen,and sodium was confirmed by energy dispersive X-ray analysis.Scanning electron microscopy revealed PC-MgONPs as roughly spherical granular structures with sizes ranging from 20.0 to 76.4nm.PC-MgONPs showed considerable antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans with zones of inhibition of 11-17 mm.In addition,total antioxidant capacity and anti-proliferative activity of PC-MgONPs against MDA-231 cells were dose-dependent.Conclusions:The synthesized PC-MgONPs could be a potent antimicrobial,antioxidant and anti-cancer agent,which needs further investigation.
文摘Background and objectives: Diabetes is a chronic multifactorial disease which requires a variety of strategies to reduce its epidemic. Type 2 diabetes (T2MD) is the most common form of diabetes which results from inefficiency of insulin secretion or resistance to insulin action, both of which lead to chronic hyperglycemia. Lipid peroxidation is an oxidative stress process that involve in T2DM complications. This study aimed to 1) determine plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) levels as a biomarker for lipid peroxidation in Sudanese patients with T2DM, and 2) assess the associations between MDA and diabetes-related variables. Material and Methods: This case-control study was conducted from November 2022 to June 2023 at the National University, Sudan. It included 100 participants, of whom 50 were T2DM patients and 50 were healthy controls. Data on demographics, clinical characteristics, and biochemical markers (FBS, HbA1c, and MDA) were collected. The NycoCard HbA1c method and the GOD-POD Method were used for HbA1c and glucose measurement, respectively. MDA was determined by the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances method. The data were analyzed using SPSS Version. Results: Significant differences were observed between T2DM patients and healthy controls in FBS (P = 0.000), HbA1c (P = 0.000), and MDA (P = 0.010), with T2DM patients exhibiting higher levels. The study revealed a strong positive correlation between MDA levels and the duration of diabetes (r = 0.69, P = 0.00), while other variables, including age, BMI, and glucose control, did not significantly correlate with MDA levels. Conclusion: Findings revealed elevated MDA levels in Sudanese T2DM patients, with a positive correlation between MDA and diabetes duration. These findings emphasize the importance of oxidative stress in T2DM pathogenesis and call for the need for targeted strategies to mitigate oxidative damage and improve diabetes care.
文摘One of the most complex tasks for computer-aided diagnosis(Intelligent decision support system)is the segmentation of lesions.Thus,this study proposes a new fully automated method for the segmentation of ovarian and breast ultrasound images.The main contributions of this research is the development of a novel Viola–James model capable of segmenting the ultrasound images of breast and ovarian cancer cases.In addition,proposed an approach that can efficiently generate region-of-interest(ROI)and new features that can be used in characterizing lesion boundaries.This study uses two databases in training and testing the proposed segmentation approach.The breast cancer database contains 250 images,while that of the ovarian tumor has 100 images obtained from several hospitals in Iraq.Results of the experiments showed that the proposed approach demonstrates better performance compared with those of other segmentation methods used for segmenting breast and ovarian ultrasound images.The segmentation result of the proposed system compared with the other existing techniques in the breast cancer data set was 78.8%.By contrast,the segmentation result of the proposed system in the ovarian tumor data set was 79.2%.In the classification results,we achieved 95.43%accuracy,92.20%sensitivity,and 97.5%specificity when we used the breast cancer data set.For the ovarian tumor data set,we achieved 94.84%accuracy,96.96%sensitivity,and 90.32%specificity.
基金supported by the program for Outstanding Academic Leaders Training Plan of Health System of Huangpu District of Shanghai from 2013 to 2016 year(No.2013-18)
文摘The traditional Chinese medicine(Tripterygium wilfordii Hook.f., TWH) has been clinically used to treat primary and secondary renal diseases and proteinuria for nearly 40 years. However, there is a rare literature about the effect of triptolide(the main active ingredient of TWH) on the expression of oxidative carbonyl protein(OCP) in diabetic nephropathy(DN). This study aimed to provide experimental evidence for triptolide treatment on DN through its effect on the expression of OCP, in order to investigate the effects of triptolide on the expression of OCP in rats with DN. Sixty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group, high-dose triptolide(Th) group, low-dose triptolide(Tl) group, DN model group, and positive control(benazepril) group. The DN model was established using streptozotocin. Urinary protein excretion, fasting blood glucose(FBG), superoxide dismutase(SOD) in renal homogenate, malondialdehyde(MDA) in renal homogenate and renal nitrotyrosine by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of OCP by oxyblotimmune blotting were detected. In the DN model group, rat urinary protein excretion and renal MDA were significantly increased, while renal SOD significantly decreased and nitrotyrosine expression was obviously upregulated in the kidney. After triptolide treatment, 24-h urinary protein excretion(61.96±19.00 vs. 18.32±4.78 mg/day, P〈0.001), renal MDA(8.09±0.79 vs. 5.45±0.68 nmol/L, P〈0.001), and nitrotyrosine expression were decreased. Furthermore, renal OCP significantly decreased, while renal SOD(82.50±19.10 vs. 124.00±20.52 U/L, P〈0.001) was elevated. This study revealed that triptolide can down-regulate the expression of OCP in the renal cortex of DN rats.
文摘Aim: To determine the prevalence and risk of anemia in type-2 diabetes mellitus. In addition, the incidence and risk of anemia in these patients were assessed according to gender and glycemic control status. Methods: The study group comprised 200 patients with type-2 diabetes. Patients were divided into groups according to glycemic control and gender. Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), blood glucose level, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) of subjects were evaluated. The presence of anemia was defined by a hemoglobin level 6.5%, fasting blood glucose >126 mg/dl and random blood glucose >200 mg/dl. Result: 63% of diabetic patients had anemia. There was higher incidence and risk of anemia in females (36%) as compared to males (27%) (p 7.5% (49.5%) compared to those with controlled diabetes HbA1C < 7.5% (13.5%) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: This study indicated that poor glycemic control and gender difference are associated with the incidence of anemia in type II diabetes. Our findings suggest the need of screening for anemia in diabetes out-patient clinics. Routine hematological tests along with blood glucose level should be mandatory in order to make therapeutic decisions for the treatment of anemia in type II diabetes mellitus.
文摘Background: Viruses of the Herpes viridae family infect 90% of the Earth’s population. Humans are the hosts of at least nine unique herpes viruses. Aim: This study is aimed at evaluating the seroprevalence of type specific herpes simplex virus infection and the associated risk factors in a cross-section of asymptomatic healthy women of childbearing age in Kogi state, Nigeria. Methodology: A total of 330 females of child bearing age (15 - 49 years) participated in this study. They were recruited from various local government areas of three Senatorial districts of Kogi state. Blood samples were collected from participants and analyzed for HSV-1 and HSV-2 antibodies (IgG) quantitatively with ELISA kit. Results: The overall prevalence of HSV was 76.7%. Data further show that majority (96.4%) of the population studied had HSV-1, while 77% had HSV-2 infections. Results also showed that the young adults indicated prevalence of 95.7% for HSV-1 and 74.7% for HSV-2, while in the middle aged, the prevalence were 98.6% for HSV-1, and 84.9% for HSV-2. 99.2% of the married women were positive for HSV-1, while 86.9% were positive for HSV-2. 94.5% of the unmarried women were positive for HSV-1, while 70.5% were positive for HSV-2. The risk of HVS-1 or VS-2 infections was not associated with age, age of first sexual exposure and number sex partners before marriage. Married women were at greater risk for HSV-1 (p = 0.03) and HSV-2 (p ≤ 0.001) infections compared to the unmarried women. Conclusion: The prevalence of the HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections was high among asymptomatic healthy women of childbearing age in Kogi state, Nigeria. Efforts should be made to increase the awareness of HSV infection among the child bearing populace.
文摘Aim: We demonstrated the risk of developing islet autoantibodies-Insulin Autoanti-bodies (IAAs) and Islets cell Autoantibodies (ICAs)-in type-1 diabetic relatives and newly diagnosed type-1 patients compared to non-diabetic controls. We also aimed to determine the predictive strengths of both autoantibodies in the development of type-1 diabetes mellitus, and which of the two autoantibodies is a better predictive marker of type-1 diabetes mellitus among Nigerian adults. Methodology: A total number of four hundred and fifty five (455) subjects (211 (46%) males, and 244 (54%) females) aged between 35 - 76 years were recruited for the study. IAA and ICA levels were estimated using ELISA reagents from Biomerica Inc. Other parameters such as fasting blood sugar, urine glucose, and urine protein were assessed using standard biochemical techniques. Results: Relatives of type-1 diabetic patients and newly diagnosed type-1 diabetic patients were at greater risk (p < 0.05) of testing positive for more than one autoantibody (ICA and IAA) compared to non-diabetic controls. In addition, IAAs appeared to be better predictors or markers of type-1 diabetes mellitus compared to ICAs. Conclusion: The present study indicated a greater risk of autoim-mune destruction of the insulin producing beta cells of the pancrease of the type-1 relatives and newly diagnosed type-1 patients and suggests the need for periodic re-cruitment of individuals in the general population, siblings and relatives of type-1 diabetic patients for planned intervention trials. In addition, IAAs appeared to be better autoimmune markers of type-1 diabetes compared to ICAs.
基金supported by the Taif University Researchers Supporting Project(No.TURSP-2020/103).
文摘Objective MicroRNAs are fine regulators for gene expression during the post-transcriptional stage in many autoimmune diseases.HypoxamiRs(miR-210 and miR-21)play an important role in hypoxia and in inflammation-associated hypoxia.Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease that would potentiate many pathological complications,including hemolytic anemia.This study aimed to investigate the role of hypoxamiRs in SLE/hemolytic anemia patients.Methods This work was designed to analyze the circulating levels of↱the miR-210 and miR-21 expressions and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-α)in SLE/hemolytic anemia patients.SLE activity was evaluated for all patients by SLE Disease Activity Index(SLEDAI).Clinical manifestations/complications and serological/hematological investigations were reported.HIF-αconcentration was assayed by ELISA and expression of miR-21 and miR-210 was analyzed by qRT-PCR.Results The results indicated that the fold change of the miR-210/miR-21 expressions in plasma was significantly elevated in SLE/hemolytic anemia patients.A strong positive correlation between the miR-210 and miR-21 expression levels was also recorded.Among the associated-disease complications,hypertension,arthritis,oral ulcers,and serositis were associated with a high circulating miR-210 expression,while the occurrence of renal disorders was associated with the increased miR-21 expression.Furthermore,the HIF-αlevel was remarkably elevated in SLE/hemolytic anemia patients.A high positive correlation was recorded between the HIF-αconcentration and miR-210/miR-21 expression levels.The occurrence of oral ulcers,arthritis,and hypertension was associated with the increased HIF-αconcentration.On the other hand,SLEDAI and white blood cell count were positively correlated with miR-21/miR-210.The erythrocyte sedimentation rate was positively correlated with miR-21.Conclusion The dysregulation of the circulating miR-210/miR-210/HIF-1αlevels in SLE/hemolytic anemia patients advocated that the hypoxia pathway might have an essential role in the pathogenesis and complications of these diseases.
文摘Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer among women. An increased incidence of different types of breast cancer has been reported. This study was designed to evaluate the different types of breast cancer and its possible risk of neoplasmic transformation to an advanced malignant stage from a benign tumor. The histochemical patterns of collagen fibers in the benign and malignant breast lesions were evaluated. From the 50 tissue samples, 25 were malignant breast lesions and 25 were benign breast tumor. Hematoxylin and Eosin (HE), Van Gieson staining were performed to detect a benign and malignant tumor as well as collagen fibers. We found that significant cases after age of 35 were associated with ductal carcinoma while most of the cases within the age of 25 years were associated with fibrocystic changes. The intensity of collagen fiber was higher to Ductal Carcinoma while negative and less intense for Fibroblastic changes. Furthermore, a consistent association of other lesions, such as Lobular Carcinoma, Fibroadenoma, Papilloma and Fat necrosis and noticeable staining for collagen was observed for the different lesion. Our study suggested that women with age of 25 with benign lesion of fibrocystic change and ductal carcinoma are highly susceptible to develop advanced malignant tumor with age. Therefore, quantitative measurement of collagen fiber and regular follow-up are recommended to avoid the possible risk of developing advanced malignant lesions.
文摘Aim: To determine the incidence of anemia in type-2 diabetic patients with normal renal function and assess the association of other factors related to diabetes with the risk of anemia. Methods: The study group comprised 72 patients with type-2 diabetes. Patients were divided into groups according to glycemic control, gender and age. Serum creatinine, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) of subjects were measured. The presence of anemia was defined by a he- moglobin level 7.5%) compared to those with controlled diabetes (≤7.5%) and in patients of age ≥ 60 yrs compared to those of age < 60 yrs (p < 0.05). The odds of anemia was similar in males and females (p = 0.26). Conclusion: This study indicated that poor glycemic control and old age are associated with the incidence of anemia in type-2 diabetics with normal renal function. Our findings suggest that treatment criteria for diabetes should include routine hematological tests and take into consideration the inevitable consequences of ageing, and poor glycemic control.
文摘Seeds from soybean collected from different commercial markets were surveyed for seed-borne fungi.Ninetyeight fungal colonies were isolated all over three monthly isolations constituting twenty-two fungal species.The isolated fungi were belonging to the genera:Alternaria,Aspergillus,Cephalosporium,Chaetomium,Cladosporium,Colletotrichum,Curvularia,Fusarium,Macrophomina,Mucor,Penicillium,Rhizoctonia,Rhizopus,Sclerotium,Stemphylium,and Verticillium.Assay of the antifungal activity of four ethanolic extracts of clove,cinnamon,garlic,and mint was carried out against the most common fungal species(Aspergillus flavus,A.niger,Fusarium solani,F.oxysporium,and F.moniliforme),which significantly reduced the growth of tested fungi.Clove extract recorded the highest antimicrobial potentiality against the seed-borne fungal species,followed by cinnamon,garlic,and mint.Clove and cinnamon achieved minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)values less than that of the reference antifungal drug fluconazole.Simultaneously,garlic and mint recorded MIC values equal to or higher than that of control.A combination of clove and cinnamon,clove and garlic,cinnamon and garlic,cinnamon,and mint extracts increased the mean relative activity percentage.They decreased MIC values below their values when used individually;this indicated synergistic interaction between the two extracts.A combination of clove with mint and garlic with mint recorded a decrease in the percentage of mean relative activity and an increase in MIC values than their values when used individually,indicating antagonistic interaction between them.
文摘Recurring miscarriage(RM)is a frustrating reproductive complication with variable etiology.Numerous genetic defects have been known to play a crucial role in the etiology of RM.Chromosomal abnormalities are frequently detected,while other genetic defects cannot be diagnosed through routine research,such as cryptic chromosomal anomalies,single nucleotide polymorphism,single-gene defect,and gene copy number variation.Diagnostic laboratories have recently used variable advanced techniques to detect potential genetic abnormalities in couples with RM and/or in products of conception.Here we aim to summarize the known genetic causes of RM,with a focus on the new diagnostic techniques.Knowledge of the genetic profile of miscarriages is important for prognosis and potential counseling planning,as well as the prenatal diagnostic strategy in subsequent pregnancies.
文摘Objective:To describe the profile and geographical distribution of reported cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis(CL)in the province of Hail,Saudi Arabia from 2010 to 2013.Methods:Human data were collected from the dermatology service of both King Khaled and General Hail hospitals.Results:A total of 483 confirmed CL cases were investigated.Cutaneous leishmaniasis follows a seasonal distribution related to the activity of the phlebotomine sand fly fauna.Both saudi and non saudi patients were almost equally infected.The number of reported cases of CL in men was higher than that in females.The frequency of CL was asoociated with age and increased in teenager and adult group.By analyzing the geographical distribution,the majority of Hail districts were affected with this disease.However it is more prevalent in Hail city.Conclusions:The lack of data concerning the parasite,the sand fly fauna and the existing transmission cycles in Hail province make difficult to interpret the reported results and to follow up the spatio-temporal evolution of the disease.
文摘Background: There are pockets of evidence to show the existence of co-infections of viral particles in humans. Aim: The study aimed at evaluating the CD4+ T cell count among women of reproductive age co-infected with human immune virus, hepatitis surface antigen and herpes simplex virusin Kogi state, Nigeria. Methodology: 342 females of reproductive age within the ages of 15 - 49 years participated in this study. They were recruited from various local government areas of three Senatorial districts of Kogi state. Blood samples were collected from participants and analyzed for HSV1/HSV2, HIV, HBsAg and CD4 using different scientific methods and procedures. Results: There was no significant differences in mean CD4+ T cell counts between subjects who tested positive and those who tested negative for only HSV1 (p = 0.61), HSV2 (p = 0.95), HIV (p = 0.48) and co-infection for HSV1, HSV2, HIV (0.68). In contrast, mean CD4+ T cell count was significantly higher in those who tested positive compared with those who tested negative for HBsAg alone (p = 0.03) and those co-infected with HSV1, HSV2, HBsAg (p = 0.01). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated no significant differences in CD4+ T cell counts among the different classes of infections. Conclusion: This study shows no decline in the count of CD4+ T cell on the co-infections of HSV1, HSV2 and HIV, but higher significant difference in those co-infected with HSV1, HSV2 and HBsAg was recorded among the women of child bearing age in Kogi state.
基金This project was partially supported by a Hong Kong Polytechnic University grant(GU737).
文摘Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC)is a prevalent cancer in some areas of southern Asia.To explore the potential of photodynamic therapy(PDT)for the treatment of NPC,a small molecule prodrug 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA)and its methyl ester(MAL)mediated PDT was studied in vitro.The results showed that human NPC cells were sensitive to both ALA-and MAL-mediated PDT.However,ALA was more effective than MAL,possiblly due to a higher efficiency of ALA on producing endogenous protoporphyrin(PpIX)in NPC cells.Neither ALA nor MAL caused any significant genotoxicity.The ALA-based PDT might be a useful modality in the treatment ofNPC.
文摘Background: Blood-urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid and electrolytes are important biomarkers of renal function which could be considered as suitable prognostic indicators of renal dysfunction. Aim: The aim of this work was to assess renal biomarkers of renal function in commercial automobile workers in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria. Methodology: A total of 158 males within the ages of 18 - 60 years participated in this study, 50 of which are control subjects. They were recruited for this study from various workshops in Benin City, while controls are unexposed volunteers. Results: It was observed that serum uric acid, urea, creatinine, chloride and bicarbonate levels in all the exposed groups were significantly higher (p Conclusion: This study indicated greater levels of some renal biomarkers in automobile workers compared with the controls. In addition, blood urea levels were elevated above normal range of values. These findings suggest that the occupationally exposed automobile workers may be at risk of renal diseases. This calls for urgent need for policy formulation that will prevent the vulnerable groups from kidney damage.
文摘Background: It is established that glycemic control measures involving diet and oral medication reduce glycated hemoglobin concentration (HbA1c) in type-2 diabetic patients. Aim: We aimed to determine whether HbA1c reduction after diabetic treatment is affected by age, gender, level of adiposity and diabetes duration in type-2 diabetic patients. Methods: One hundred and four type-2 diabetic patients participated in a 20-week diabetic control therapy involving oral medication (metformin) and lifestyle intervention (diet). We compared the HbA1c reduction after treatment between the elderly and non-elderly;males and females;overweight/obese and non-overweight/obese;and long-standing and newly diagnosed patients. Results: After the treatment, participants had mean HbA1c reduction of 1.1 ± 1.31% and weight loss of 2.46 ± 1.79 kg. Forty-six (44.2%) of the patients had acceptable HbA1c level of p p p < 0.001), respectively. HbA1c reduction did not indicate significant sex differences. Conclusion: The present findings suggest that treatment criteria for type-2 diabetes should account for the age, level of adiposity and diabetes duration of the patient in order to make optimal therapeutic decisions for the treatment of diabetes mellitus in adults.
文摘Malaria infection has been a very serious public health problem in Nigeria and most parts of Africa. Development of antimalarial treatments capable of providing a permanent cure for malaria has been a herculean task for drug researchers. A trial of a novel, proprietary blend formulation (TriantimalTM) in gel caps for children (n = 112) and water-soluble, 18.51 nm diameter, NutraNanoSphereTM encapsulated TriantimalTM drops for babies (19.9 Months ± 8.7 SD, n = 15) was conducted in Osogbo, Nigeria. The enrolled subjects were screened for malaria, treated with TriantimalTM for 16 consecutive days and sera collected on days 0, 5, 10, 16, 30, 60, and 730. Also, 31 of the children donated buffy coat samples for the gene expression studies when sera were collected. The children showed 90.2% parasite-free at 60 days and 85.1% at 730 days. The babies revealed 93.3% parasite-free at 60 days. These data show for the first time a real possibility for a cure of malaria in Nigeria. The one-time, low dose, extended treatment and synergism of the natural components minimize the ability of the parasites to develop resistance, while boosting the immune system. Indeed, the DNA amplification data showed that all aspects of the humoral, innate, and innate defensin immunity are involved in the long-term immunity against P. falciparum in which may be termed a type of “in vivo immunization”.
基金This study was funded by Taif University Researchers Supporting Project No.TURSP-2020/222,Taif University,Taif,Saudi Arabia.
文摘Since Type 1 diabetes(T1DM)occurs whenβ-cells mass is reduced to less than 20%of the normal level due to autoimmune destruction of cells resulting in the inability to secrete insulin,preservation or replenishment of the functionalβ-cells mass has become a major therapeutic focus for this diabetic type treatment.Thus,this 4-week work plan was designed to determine which mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)type is more appropriate to alleviate pancreatic hazards resulting from diabetes induction;via tracking a comparative study between MSCs derived from adipose tissue(AD-MSCs)and from bone marrow(BM-MSCs)in management of T1DM considering their immunomodulatory,anti-apoptotic and antioxidative roles.Rats were divided randomly into 4 groups;control,STZdiabetic(D),D+AD-MSCs,and D+BM-MSCs groups.Both stem cells types in this study were allogenic.Herein,both oxidative stress and antioxidant markers were evaluated using colorimetric analysis,while inflammatory,immune and apoptotic markers were assessed through flow cytometric analysis.Results showed that diabetic rats treated with either AD-MSCs or BM-MSCs exhibited marked pancreatic antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities that were able to initiate pancreatic immunomodulation and reducingβ-cells apoptotic death,thus,help to restore their normal insulin secretion and hypoglycemic abilities.However,AD-MSCs injection was shown to be superior as a pancreatic regenerative tool in overcoming diabetes;owing to their marked antioxidant,anti-inflammatory,immunomodulatory,and anti-apoptotic characteristics over BM-MSCs treatment.
文摘Aim: The study aimed at evaluating the seroprevalence of H. pylori infection and its associated risk factors in a cross-section of asymptomatic adult population in Niger-Delta, Nigeria. Methodology: 408 apparently healthy volunteers, aged between 18 - 87 years were recruited for this study. Blood samples were collected from participants and analyzed for H. pylori antibody (IgG) qualitatively with Combo rapid kits and quantitatively with Accu-Bind ELISA Kits. Results: The overall prevalence of Helicobacter pylori colonization in 408 asymptomatic adults was 52.5% (n = 214) and 48.3% (n = 197) by qualitative (Combo rapid kits) and quantitative (Accu-Bind ELISA Kits) serological test methods respectively. H. pylori infection did not differ statistically between genders (p = 0.962) and among age groups (p = 0.185). In addition, multivariate logistic regression indicated that sex and age were not associated with risk of H. pylori. However, participants from Delta Central were at greater risk (OR = 1.89;p = 0.014) of H. pylori infection compared with those from Delta South, but those from Delta North were not at greater risk of infection compared with those from Delta South (p = 0.476). Conclusion: This study indicated an intermediate seroprevalence of H. pylori among asymptomatic adults in Delta state, Nigeria. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was linked to geographical regions but not with sex and age.