Larvae of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) (Black Soldier Fly) are voracious feeders which consume a wide range of organic materials. Thus, they can be used in simple mechanical systems to reduce organic was...Larvae of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) (Black Soldier Fly) are voracious feeders which consume a wide range of organic materials. Thus, they can be used in simple mechanical systems to reduce organic waste and also as a nutritional factor for animal livestock, in the context of recycling the organic matter. In the present study we investigated the effect of two combinations of nutrient substrates on the immature development time of H. illucens. Poultry feed and urban bio-waste (catering organic waste) were used as nutritional substrates in two rates, 150 and 250 mg/larva. Results showed that both the food source and the quantity affected the BSF immature development time significantly. In total, significantly shorter immature development was recorded in poultry feed treatment compared with the catering waste. Moreover, immature development time in the 250 mg/larva/day treatment was significantly shorter compared with the 150 mg/larva/day treatment. Results of the present study could be useful and offer optimal solutions for BSF larvae cultivations, especially in large commercial scale units.展开更多
Leaves of eucalyptus infested by Glycaspis brim-blecombei Moore were found on river red gum (E. camaldulensis) and blue gum (E. globulus) trees in Attiki and Chania region, Greece. The psyllid is recorded for the firs...Leaves of eucalyptus infested by Glycaspis brim-blecombei Moore were found on river red gum (E. camaldulensis) and blue gum (E. globulus) trees in Attiki and Chania region, Greece. The psyllid is recorded for the first time in Greece. Brief information about this psyllid is provided.展开更多
<i>Marchalina hellenica</i> (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) is the most important honeydew producing insect in Greece. It was referred as monophagus, feeding exclusively on pine trees, until 1995 whe...<i>Marchalina hellenica</i> (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) is the most important honeydew producing insect in Greece. It was referred as monophagus, feeding exclusively on pine trees, until 1995 when it was successfully established on fir trees after artificial “inoculation” at Menalo and Helmos mountains. In this scientific note, the first record of natural relocation of <i>M. hellenica</i> from pine to fir trees is referred.展开更多
Melia azedarach L. extracts were studied in comparison with selected synthetic in-secticides against the mulberry whiteflies Pealiusma chili and P. mori under labora-tory conditions. Morus alba (cv. “Early Spring”) ...Melia azedarach L. extracts were studied in comparison with selected synthetic in-secticides against the mulberry whiteflies Pealiusma chili and P. mori under labora-tory conditions. Morus alba (cv. “Early Spring”) leaves infested by mulberry white-flies were exposed to Melia extracts of green fruits, l-cyhalothrin (10% a.i.) and con-trol. Also, white mulberry leaves after treatment with the same insecticides were provided to silkworms for consumption. Results have shown that there were signif-icant differences in the nymphal mortality of the whiteflies among treatments. Melia extracts and l-cyhalothrin were effective in increasing whitefly mortality 24 h after application. Furthermore, Melia extracts didn’t affect silkworm survivorship, which was severely affected by l-cyhalothrin treatment, since all the silkworms fed on treated leaves were found dead. Thus, these extracts might be considered a potential alternative in management of the mulberry whiteflies.展开更多
The last few years numerous publications have been published about the properties and plant origin of propolis, the glue-like resinous product collected by honeybees. Although, only one scientific experiment has been ...The last few years numerous publications have been published about the properties and plant origin of propolis, the glue-like resinous product collected by honeybees. Although, only one scientific experiment has been previously conducted on propolis collection techniques by honey bees, making the relative literature extremely limited in this area. The present study scopes to evaluate the effect of the trap types on the quantity of propolis collected by honeybees. For this reason, at two different locations, five different types of propolis collection traps, applied on Langstroth bee hives, were tested: 3 hand-cut screens plus one commercial screen on the top bars, as well as a lateral side modification of a Langstroth hive. Results show that two hand-cut screens with smaller openings (1 × 1 mm and 2 × 2 mm) as well as the commercial screen collected significantly more propolis than the others (F4,41 = 43.21, P 0.0001). Furthermore, the two hand-cut screens filled faster with propolis.展开更多
Marchalina hellenica (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) is the most important honeydew producing insect in Greece. It was referred as monophagus, feeding exclusively on pine trees, until 1995 when it was successful...Marchalina hellenica (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) is the most important honeydew producing insect in Greece. It was referred as monophagus, feeding exclusively on pine trees, until 1995 when it was successfully established on fir trees after artificial “inoculation” at Menalo and Helmos mountains. In this scientific note, the first record of natural relocation of M. hellenica from pine to fir trees is referred.展开更多
Honey bee colonies in Peloponnesos, Greece, were sampled in spring 2014 to evaluate efficacy of Provigoro?, a natural water acidifier, against Nosema spp. Colonies treated with Provigoro? showed reduced Nosema spore l...Honey bee colonies in Peloponnesos, Greece, were sampled in spring 2014 to evaluate efficacy of Provigoro?, a natural water acidifier, against Nosema spp. Colonies treated with Provigoro? showed reduced Nosema spore load than did colonies that received only sugar syrup treatment, which finally collapsed. Preliminary results suggest that Provigoro? was successful at reducing nosemosis in Apis mellifera colonies.展开更多
Citrus and palm trees’ extracts, commercially formulated as ProAlexin PNSTM and AgrisprayTM, were studied against the pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae, in field conditions. Generally, foliage spraying applicat...Citrus and palm trees’ extracts, commercially formulated as ProAlexin PNSTM and AgrisprayTM, were studied against the pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae, in field conditions. Generally, foliage spraying application against the pistachio psyllid may cause severe reduction on the honeybee forager population, which visits infested trees to collect honeydew. ProAlexinTM products have the same formulation with Provigoro 14 WA Bee Care?, a natural water acidifier, which not only has negative action on the honeybees, but also shows disinfectant action against Nosema spp. The scope of the present study was to determine any effect of ProAlexin products on the reduction of the population of the pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae. Experiments were performed at the orchard of the A.U.A., with two mixtures sprayed on psyllid infested pistachio trees, the first with ProAlexin PNSTM and AgrisprayTM and the second only with AgrisprayTM. They were both applied with the addition of APG25TM non-ionic surfactant. Results showed that mortality on the trees treated with ProAlexin PNSTM + AgrisprayTM mixture and AgrisprayTM was significantly higher compared with the control. This could be explained due to the phytoalexins that these products elicit, which are part of the plant mechanism against insect herbivores. These products are potentially promising methods to be used in sustainable agriculture approaches against the pistachio psyllid and they should be tested for their effects on the biological control agents of this pest. Beyond this, the results of this study encourage to test their effects on other pests of pistachio and other tree species.展开更多
文摘Larvae of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) (Black Soldier Fly) are voracious feeders which consume a wide range of organic materials. Thus, they can be used in simple mechanical systems to reduce organic waste and also as a nutritional factor for animal livestock, in the context of recycling the organic matter. In the present study we investigated the effect of two combinations of nutrient substrates on the immature development time of H. illucens. Poultry feed and urban bio-waste (catering organic waste) were used as nutritional substrates in two rates, 150 and 250 mg/larva. Results showed that both the food source and the quantity affected the BSF immature development time significantly. In total, significantly shorter immature development was recorded in poultry feed treatment compared with the catering waste. Moreover, immature development time in the 250 mg/larva/day treatment was significantly shorter compared with the 150 mg/larva/day treatment. Results of the present study could be useful and offer optimal solutions for BSF larvae cultivations, especially in large commercial scale units.
文摘Leaves of eucalyptus infested by Glycaspis brim-blecombei Moore were found on river red gum (E. camaldulensis) and blue gum (E. globulus) trees in Attiki and Chania region, Greece. The psyllid is recorded for the first time in Greece. Brief information about this psyllid is provided.
文摘<i>Marchalina hellenica</i> (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) is the most important honeydew producing insect in Greece. It was referred as monophagus, feeding exclusively on pine trees, until 1995 when it was successfully established on fir trees after artificial “inoculation” at Menalo and Helmos mountains. In this scientific note, the first record of natural relocation of <i>M. hellenica</i> from pine to fir trees is referred.
文摘Melia azedarach L. extracts were studied in comparison with selected synthetic in-secticides against the mulberry whiteflies Pealiusma chili and P. mori under labora-tory conditions. Morus alba (cv. “Early Spring”) leaves infested by mulberry white-flies were exposed to Melia extracts of green fruits, l-cyhalothrin (10% a.i.) and con-trol. Also, white mulberry leaves after treatment with the same insecticides were provided to silkworms for consumption. Results have shown that there were signif-icant differences in the nymphal mortality of the whiteflies among treatments. Melia extracts and l-cyhalothrin were effective in increasing whitefly mortality 24 h after application. Furthermore, Melia extracts didn’t affect silkworm survivorship, which was severely affected by l-cyhalothrin treatment, since all the silkworms fed on treated leaves were found dead. Thus, these extracts might be considered a potential alternative in management of the mulberry whiteflies.
文摘The last few years numerous publications have been published about the properties and plant origin of propolis, the glue-like resinous product collected by honeybees. Although, only one scientific experiment has been previously conducted on propolis collection techniques by honey bees, making the relative literature extremely limited in this area. The present study scopes to evaluate the effect of the trap types on the quantity of propolis collected by honeybees. For this reason, at two different locations, five different types of propolis collection traps, applied on Langstroth bee hives, were tested: 3 hand-cut screens plus one commercial screen on the top bars, as well as a lateral side modification of a Langstroth hive. Results show that two hand-cut screens with smaller openings (1 × 1 mm and 2 × 2 mm) as well as the commercial screen collected significantly more propolis than the others (F4,41 = 43.21, P 0.0001). Furthermore, the two hand-cut screens filled faster with propolis.
文摘Marchalina hellenica (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae) is the most important honeydew producing insect in Greece. It was referred as monophagus, feeding exclusively on pine trees, until 1995 when it was successfully established on fir trees after artificial “inoculation” at Menalo and Helmos mountains. In this scientific note, the first record of natural relocation of M. hellenica from pine to fir trees is referred.
文摘Honey bee colonies in Peloponnesos, Greece, were sampled in spring 2014 to evaluate efficacy of Provigoro?, a natural water acidifier, against Nosema spp. Colonies treated with Provigoro? showed reduced Nosema spore load than did colonies that received only sugar syrup treatment, which finally collapsed. Preliminary results suggest that Provigoro? was successful at reducing nosemosis in Apis mellifera colonies.
文摘Citrus and palm trees’ extracts, commercially formulated as ProAlexin PNSTM and AgrisprayTM, were studied against the pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae, in field conditions. Generally, foliage spraying application against the pistachio psyllid may cause severe reduction on the honeybee forager population, which visits infested trees to collect honeydew. ProAlexinTM products have the same formulation with Provigoro 14 WA Bee Care?, a natural water acidifier, which not only has negative action on the honeybees, but also shows disinfectant action against Nosema spp. The scope of the present study was to determine any effect of ProAlexin products on the reduction of the population of the pistachio psyllid, Agonoscena pistaciae. Experiments were performed at the orchard of the A.U.A., with two mixtures sprayed on psyllid infested pistachio trees, the first with ProAlexin PNSTM and AgrisprayTM and the second only with AgrisprayTM. They were both applied with the addition of APG25TM non-ionic surfactant. Results showed that mortality on the trees treated with ProAlexin PNSTM + AgrisprayTM mixture and AgrisprayTM was significantly higher compared with the control. This could be explained due to the phytoalexins that these products elicit, which are part of the plant mechanism against insect herbivores. These products are potentially promising methods to be used in sustainable agriculture approaches against the pistachio psyllid and they should be tested for their effects on the biological control agents of this pest. Beyond this, the results of this study encourage to test their effects on other pests of pistachio and other tree species.
