Xuanwei City and Fuyuan County of the Yunnan Province in south-west China are located in late Permian coal-accumulating areas.Both regions are rich in coal resources and have many coal mines.In the 1970s,epidemiologic...Xuanwei City and Fuyuan County of the Yunnan Province in south-west China are located in late Permian coal-accumulating areas.Both regions are rich in coal resources and have many coal mines.In the 1970s,epidemiologic studies demonstrated that lung cancer rates in Xuanwei were 4–5 times higher than the average in China[1,2].The characteristics of these lung cancer incidences in the populations of Xuanwei and Fuyuan were described in previous studies.First,more women in Xuanwei and Fuyuan suffered from lung cancer,in comparison to other areas.展开更多
CD176 （Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen） is a tumor-associated carbohydrate epitope （glycotope） functionally involved in blood spread and fiver metastasis of cancer cells by mediating the adhesion of cancer cells to e...CD176 （Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen） is a tumor-associated carbohydrate epitope （glycotope） functionally involved in blood spread and fiver metastasis of cancer cells by mediating the adhesion of cancer cells to endothelial cells and hepatocytes, respectively. CD176 could be a promising target for antitumor immunotherapy. We applied B lymphocytes obtained from mice immunized with CD176 antigen and constructed a phage display library. A positive clone of CD176 single-chain variable antibody fragment （scFv） was successfully screened from this library. The CD176 scFv was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The purified scFv can bind to the natural CD176 expressed on the surface of cancer cells. Furthermore, the CD176 scFv inhibits the adhesion of CD176＋ cancer cells to endothelial cells and hepatocytes. This CD176 scFv provides a basis for future development of recombinant CD176-specific antibodies that can be used in therapeutic application.展开更多
Environmental pollution is one of the main causes of human cancer. Exposures to environmental carcinogens result in genetic and epigenetic alterations which induce cell transformation. Epigenetic changes caused by env...Environmental pollution is one of the main causes of human cancer. Exposures to environmental carcinogens result in genetic and epigenetic alterations which induce cell transformation. Epigenetic changes caused by environmental pollution play important roles in the development and progression of environmental pollution-related cancers. Studies on DNA methylation are among the earliest and most conducted epigenetic research linked to cancer. In this review, the roles of DNA methylation in carcinogenesis and their significance in clinical medicine were summarized, and the effects of environmental pollutants, particularly air pollutants, on DNA methylation were introduced. Furthermore, prospective applications of DNA methylation to environmental pollution detection and cancer prevention were discussed.展开更多
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(973 Program)(No.2011CB510104)a grant from the Yunnan Province Science and Technology Department(No.Y103951111).
文摘Xuanwei City and Fuyuan County of the Yunnan Province in south-west China are located in late Permian coal-accumulating areas.Both regions are rich in coal resources and have many coal mines.In the 1970s,epidemiologic studies demonstrated that lung cancer rates in Xuanwei were 4–5 times higher than the average in China[1,2].The characteristics of these lung cancer incidences in the populations of Xuanwei and Fuyuan were described in previous studies.First,more women in Xuanwei and Fuyuan suffered from lung cancer,in comparison to other areas.
基金This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 81072563） and the Chinese Academy of Sciences （KSCX2-YW-R-196）. We especially thank Dr. Rein_hard Schwartz- Albiez （German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany） for his support and valuable critical comments.
文摘CD176 （Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen） is a tumor-associated carbohydrate epitope （glycotope） functionally involved in blood spread and fiver metastasis of cancer cells by mediating the adhesion of cancer cells to endothelial cells and hepatocytes, respectively. CD176 could be a promising target for antitumor immunotherapy. We applied B lymphocytes obtained from mice immunized with CD176 antigen and constructed a phage display library. A positive clone of CD176 single-chain variable antibody fragment （scFv） was successfully screened from this library. The CD176 scFv was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified. The purified scFv can bind to the natural CD176 expressed on the surface of cancer cells. Furthermore, the CD176 scFv inhibits the adhesion of CD176＋ cancer cells to endothelial cells and hepatocytes. This CD176 scFv provides a basis for future development of recombinant CD176-specific antibodies that can be used in therapeutic application.
基金Acknowledgements The author gratefully acknowledges Dr. GB Zhou （Institute ol Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijmg） for providing the idea to write the current article. This work was supported by the 973 Program （2011CB510104） and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （81272617）.
文摘Environmental pollution is one of the main causes of human cancer. Exposures to environmental carcinogens result in genetic and epigenetic alterations which induce cell transformation. Epigenetic changes caused by environmental pollution play important roles in the development and progression of environmental pollution-related cancers. Studies on DNA methylation are among the earliest and most conducted epigenetic research linked to cancer. In this review, the roles of DNA methylation in carcinogenesis and their significance in clinical medicine were summarized, and the effects of environmental pollutants, particularly air pollutants, on DNA methylation were introduced. Furthermore, prospective applications of DNA methylation to environmental pollution detection and cancer prevention were discussed.
