Urban and peri-urban agriculture plays a key role by providing many goods and services. In particular, it provides diversified food and employment for vulnerable groups (youth and women). However, it often involves ne...Urban and peri-urban agriculture plays a key role by providing many goods and services. In particular, it provides diversified food and employment for vulnerable groups (youth and women). However, it often involves negative externalities due to non-conventional soils fertility management practices. This study aimed to investigate the chemical quality of soils over six (06) sites of the market gardening area of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) as affected by fertilizers uses and sites location. Thirty (30) representative market gardening farms, located in urban, semi-urban and rural areas, were randomly selected from a baseline survey database. Within each farm, composite soil samples made up of 3 individual cores were taken over the 0 - 15 cm soil depth for determining soils carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus contents and pH-water. These data were normalized and summarized to compute a synthetic Soil Fertility Index (SFI). The data processing was focused on a Principal Component Analysis and an Ascendant Hierarchical Classification in order to make a typology of the vegetable farms. Fertilizers management effects on soils quality were compared through Variance Analysis (ANOVA) following a GLM procedure in Rstudio software. As main results, soils chemical parameters, except for available K, were affected by the location of the sites. Soils in urban farms are less acidic (on average pH = 6.9), while semi-urban and rural sites (Samadeni, Nakaguana) have more acidic soils. However, the latter site had the highest values of C and N. Moreover, the long-term application of organic matter sources results in improving of the chemical quality of the market garden soil. The SFI is positively correlated with the rate of applied organic fertilizers, and the cultivation duration. On the other hand, soil quality tends to decrease with the expansion of the area, due to a dilution effect of the organic fertilizer doses. All these results suggest that there is a real scope to reinforce the position of the market garden as an opportunity for recycling organic wastes and sequestration of carbon by promoting relevant fertilization packages that strongly rely on organic matters sources (Compost, Biochar, etc.).展开更多
Forest and landscape restoration (FLR) practices have been reported to improve soil organic carbon stocks (SOCs) and contributing to climate change mitigation. This study aims to evaluate the impact of combined FLR pr...Forest and landscape restoration (FLR) practices have been reported to improve soil organic carbon stocks (SOCs) and contributing to climate change mitigation. This study aims to evaluate the impact of combined FLR practices, mainly developed in semiarid regions, on SOCs. The SOCs, soil texture, bulk density (ρ), pH, CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, and herbaceous biomass were determined at a 0 - 30 cm depth. The experimental design comprised degraded land without FLR practices and three sets of combined FLR practices. These practices included “zaï” + stone bunds + organic manure + assisted natural regeneration (ANR) used to convert degraded land into forest (GF) and cropland (PARL);“zaï” + stone bunds + crop rotation + crop/fallow successions + ANR used to convert degraded land into cropland (OARL) and “zaï”+ stone bunds + organic manure used to convert degraded land into cropland (KARL). SOCs were highest (20.02 t C ha<sup>−1</sup>) under OARL compared with the other combinations of FLR practices. SOCs increased by 99% (+0.2 t C ha<sup>−1</sup>⋅yr<sup>−1</sup>), 58% (+0.3 t C ha<sup>−1</sup>⋅yr<sup>−1</sup>) and 13% (+0.2 t C ha<sup>−1</sup>⋅yr<sup>−1</sup>) under GF, OARL and KARL, respectively, and decreased by 15% (−0.1 t C ha<sup>−1</sup>⋅yr<sup>−1</sup>) under PARL. This study provides additional information explaining SOC variation in restored degraded land through the implementation of a combination of FLR practices. This is useful for recommending the combination “zaï” + stone bunds + crop rotation + crop/fallow successions + ANR to improve SOCs in the semiarid agroecosystem.展开更多
Protected areas contain most of Burkina Faso’s plant biodiversity which confer different benefits for the communities. However, the composition of some of them remains unknown. In a context of overexploitation and cl...Protected areas contain most of Burkina Faso’s plant biodiversity which confer different benefits for the communities. However, the composition of some of them remains unknown. In a context of overexploitation and climate change, it is important to have a detailed knowledge of the vegetation of forests that have not been studied, such as Péni Classified Forest (PCF) to develop better preservation protocols. The aim of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of the flora of Burkina Faso. Phytosociological surveys were carried out in 213 plots, have identified 475 species distributed in 321 genera and 87 families. We identified during this study 201 woody species representing 38% of the woody flora of Burkina Faso. 64% of this flora is confined to shrub savannahs and 61% to tree savannahs. Among the vegetation units, shrub savannahs and tree savannahs have respectively 56.21% and 44.67% of very rare species. Poaceae (11.90%), Fabaceae-Faboideae (11.27%) and Rubiaceae (6.26%) are the most dominant families. The dominant biological types of the flora are phanerophytes (42.32%) and therophytes (30.32%), and Sudanian species (20.63%) are the best represented. Logging is the most frequent disturbance factor (100%) in the PCF. The PCF is a particular ecosystem with a great diversity but subject to many disturbances. Actions to strengthen its protection are necessary.展开更多
The dry faecal sludge (DFS) are potential sources of organic fertilizers because of their high content in nutrients and organic matter, critical for plants growth and soil health maintaining. In Burkina Faso, the DFS ...The dry faecal sludge (DFS) are potential sources of organic fertilizers because of their high content in nutrients and organic matter, critical for plants growth and soil health maintaining. In Burkina Faso, the DFS are processed in faecal treatment plants. However, after drying, the DFS are most often dumped in the nature without any control or directly used as fertilizer without any idea of their potential risks for human health and the environment. This investigation aimed at physico-chemical and toxicological characterization of the DFS from faecal treatment plants according to the duration of their storage. For this purpose, DFS samples were collected in three (3) faecal treatment plants in Ouagadougou and one in Bobo Dioulasso, in Burkina Faso. The measurements were carried out on pH (H<sub>2</sub>O), organic matter content, major nutrients (N, P, K), trace elements (Na, Ca and Mg) and metallic trace elements. Indifferently to the faecal treatment plants and the duration of the storage, the DFS showed strong acidity (4.85 ± 0.13 et 6.53 ± 0.10) and low content in total elements (Na à40.97% ± 9.99%). Values recorded of the trace metallic elements showed there were no risk of contamination when used as fertilizers: (103.9 ± 2.00 mg/kg < Cu < 137 ± 25.69 mg/kg);(710.13 ± 18.97 mg/kg < Zn < 922.30 ± 7.04 mg/kg);(33.03 ± 1.65 mg/kg < Pb < 152.40 ± 19.40 mg/kg);(1.34 ± 0.17 mg/kg < Cd < 1.76 ± 0.04 mg/kg);(34.34 ± 0.27 mg/kg < Ni < 52.32 ± 3.60 mg/kg) et (771.15 ± 18.36 mg/kg < Cr < 1697.83 ± 55.11 mg/kg). The results indicated a high fertilizer potential of the DFS after addressing the issue of their acidity.展开更多
文摘Urban and peri-urban agriculture plays a key role by providing many goods and services. In particular, it provides diversified food and employment for vulnerable groups (youth and women). However, it often involves negative externalities due to non-conventional soils fertility management practices. This study aimed to investigate the chemical quality of soils over six (06) sites of the market gardening area of Bobo-Dioulasso (Burkina Faso) as affected by fertilizers uses and sites location. Thirty (30) representative market gardening farms, located in urban, semi-urban and rural areas, were randomly selected from a baseline survey database. Within each farm, composite soil samples made up of 3 individual cores were taken over the 0 - 15 cm soil depth for determining soils carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus contents and pH-water. These data were normalized and summarized to compute a synthetic Soil Fertility Index (SFI). The data processing was focused on a Principal Component Analysis and an Ascendant Hierarchical Classification in order to make a typology of the vegetable farms. Fertilizers management effects on soils quality were compared through Variance Analysis (ANOVA) following a GLM procedure in Rstudio software. As main results, soils chemical parameters, except for available K, were affected by the location of the sites. Soils in urban farms are less acidic (on average pH = 6.9), while semi-urban and rural sites (Samadeni, Nakaguana) have more acidic soils. However, the latter site had the highest values of C and N. Moreover, the long-term application of organic matter sources results in improving of the chemical quality of the market garden soil. The SFI is positively correlated with the rate of applied organic fertilizers, and the cultivation duration. On the other hand, soil quality tends to decrease with the expansion of the area, due to a dilution effect of the organic fertilizer doses. All these results suggest that there is a real scope to reinforce the position of the market garden as an opportunity for recycling organic wastes and sequestration of carbon by promoting relevant fertilization packages that strongly rely on organic matters sources (Compost, Biochar, etc.).
文摘Forest and landscape restoration (FLR) practices have been reported to improve soil organic carbon stocks (SOCs) and contributing to climate change mitigation. This study aims to evaluate the impact of combined FLR practices, mainly developed in semiarid regions, on SOCs. The SOCs, soil texture, bulk density (ρ), pH, CO<sub>2</sub> emissions, and herbaceous biomass were determined at a 0 - 30 cm depth. The experimental design comprised degraded land without FLR practices and three sets of combined FLR practices. These practices included “zaï” + stone bunds + organic manure + assisted natural regeneration (ANR) used to convert degraded land into forest (GF) and cropland (PARL);“zaï” + stone bunds + crop rotation + crop/fallow successions + ANR used to convert degraded land into cropland (OARL) and “zaï”+ stone bunds + organic manure used to convert degraded land into cropland (KARL). SOCs were highest (20.02 t C ha<sup>−1</sup>) under OARL compared with the other combinations of FLR practices. SOCs increased by 99% (+0.2 t C ha<sup>−1</sup>⋅yr<sup>−1</sup>), 58% (+0.3 t C ha<sup>−1</sup>⋅yr<sup>−1</sup>) and 13% (+0.2 t C ha<sup>−1</sup>⋅yr<sup>−1</sup>) under GF, OARL and KARL, respectively, and decreased by 15% (−0.1 t C ha<sup>−1</sup>⋅yr<sup>−1</sup>) under PARL. This study provides additional information explaining SOC variation in restored degraded land through the implementation of a combination of FLR practices. This is useful for recommending the combination “zaï” + stone bunds + crop rotation + crop/fallow successions + ANR to improve SOCs in the semiarid agroecosystem.
文摘Protected areas contain most of Burkina Faso’s plant biodiversity which confer different benefits for the communities. However, the composition of some of them remains unknown. In a context of overexploitation and climate change, it is important to have a detailed knowledge of the vegetation of forests that have not been studied, such as Péni Classified Forest (PCF) to develop better preservation protocols. The aim of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of the flora of Burkina Faso. Phytosociological surveys were carried out in 213 plots, have identified 475 species distributed in 321 genera and 87 families. We identified during this study 201 woody species representing 38% of the woody flora of Burkina Faso. 64% of this flora is confined to shrub savannahs and 61% to tree savannahs. Among the vegetation units, shrub savannahs and tree savannahs have respectively 56.21% and 44.67% of very rare species. Poaceae (11.90%), Fabaceae-Faboideae (11.27%) and Rubiaceae (6.26%) are the most dominant families. The dominant biological types of the flora are phanerophytes (42.32%) and therophytes (30.32%), and Sudanian species (20.63%) are the best represented. Logging is the most frequent disturbance factor (100%) in the PCF. The PCF is a particular ecosystem with a great diversity but subject to many disturbances. Actions to strengthen its protection are necessary.
文摘The dry faecal sludge (DFS) are potential sources of organic fertilizers because of their high content in nutrients and organic matter, critical for plants growth and soil health maintaining. In Burkina Faso, the DFS are processed in faecal treatment plants. However, after drying, the DFS are most often dumped in the nature without any control or directly used as fertilizer without any idea of their potential risks for human health and the environment. This investigation aimed at physico-chemical and toxicological characterization of the DFS from faecal treatment plants according to the duration of their storage. For this purpose, DFS samples were collected in three (3) faecal treatment plants in Ouagadougou and one in Bobo Dioulasso, in Burkina Faso. The measurements were carried out on pH (H<sub>2</sub>O), organic matter content, major nutrients (N, P, K), trace elements (Na, Ca and Mg) and metallic trace elements. Indifferently to the faecal treatment plants and the duration of the storage, the DFS showed strong acidity (4.85 ± 0.13 et 6.53 ± 0.10) and low content in total elements (Na à40.97% ± 9.99%). Values recorded of the trace metallic elements showed there were no risk of contamination when used as fertilizers: (103.9 ± 2.00 mg/kg < Cu < 137 ± 25.69 mg/kg);(710.13 ± 18.97 mg/kg < Zn < 922.30 ± 7.04 mg/kg);(33.03 ± 1.65 mg/kg < Pb < 152.40 ± 19.40 mg/kg);(1.34 ± 0.17 mg/kg < Cd < 1.76 ± 0.04 mg/kg);(34.34 ± 0.27 mg/kg < Ni < 52.32 ± 3.60 mg/kg) et (771.15 ± 18.36 mg/kg < Cr < 1697.83 ± 55.11 mg/kg). The results indicated a high fertilizer potential of the DFS after addressing the issue of their acidity.
