Post-traumatic heterotopic ossification in front of the ankle joint for 23 years:A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUND Heterotopic ossification(HO)refers to the formation of new bone in non-skeletal tissues such as muscles,tendons or other soft tissues.Severe muscle and soft tissue injury often lead to the formation of HO.However,anterior HO of the ankle is rarely reported.CASE SUMMARY We report a patient with massive HO in front of the ankle joint for 23 years.In 1998,the patient was injured by a falling object on the right lower extremity,which gradually formed a massive heterotopic bone change in the right calf and dorsum of the foot.The patient did not develop gradual ankle function limitations until nearly 36 mo ago,and underwent resection of HO.Even after 23 years and resection of HO,the ankle joint was still able to move.CONCLUSION It is recommended that the orthopedist should be aware of HO and distinguish it from bone tumor.

Identification and characterization of the cellular subclones that contribute to the pathogenesis of mantle cell lymphoma

Mantle cell lymphoma(MCL)is a B-cell malignancy with poor clinical outcome and undefined pathogenesis.Development of clinically relevant cellular models for MCL research is an urgent need.Our preliminary observations lead the development of two novel hypotheses that we tested in this study:1.multicellular spheroid might be a unique growth mode of earlystage cells in MCL;2.MCL might be a polyclonal tumor.We made the following original observations that have not been reported:First,we have provided a new experiment method for enriching MCL early-stage cells and characterized the spheroid mode of growth as a unique feature of early-stage MCL cells in cell line as well as in clinical samples.Second,we have established a clinically relevant cellular model of MCL,the JeKo-1-spheroid cell line,that was highly enriched in early-stage sub-clones.JeKo-1-spheroid cells and the spheroid growing cells enriched from MCL patients exhibited comparably enhanced tumorigenic abilities and similar biological features.Third,Immunophenotypic analysis has revealed that MCL may be derived from precursor-B(pre-B),immature-B and mature-B cells,not only the mature-B cells as WHO classified in 2016.Fourth,MCL may be a polyclonal disease composed of CD19e/IgMe,CD19 e/IgMt,CD19t/IgMt three sub-clones,of which the CD19e/IgMt sub-clone might be the dominant sub-clone with the strongest tumorigenic ability.Fifth,CD19t/IgMe that differentiates MCL and normal B cells may represent a new marker for MCL early detection,minor residual disease monitoring after therapies and prognosis.