Antibiotic is widely present in the effluent from livestock husbandry and the pharmaceutical industry.Antibiotics in wastewater usually have high biological toxicity and even promote the occurrence and transmission of...Antibiotic is widely present in the effluent from livestock husbandry and the pharmaceutical industry.Antibiotics in wastewater usually have high biological toxicity and even promote the occurrence and transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes.Moreover,most antibiotic-containing wastewater contains high concentration of ammonia nitrogen.Improper treatment will lead to high risk to the surrounding environment and even human health.The anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)with great economic benefit and good treatment effect is a promising process to remove nitrogen from antibiotic-containing wastewater.However,antibiotic inhibition has been observed in anammox applications.Therefore,a comprehensive overview of the single and combined effects of various antibiotics on the anammox system is conducted in this review with a focus on nitrogen removal performance,sludge properties,microbial community,antibiotic resistance genes and anammox-involved functional genes.Additionally,the influencing mechanism of antibiotics on anammox consortia is summarized.Remaining problems and future research needs are also proposed based on the presented summary.This review provides a better understanding of the influences of antibiotics on anammox and offers a direction to remove nitrogen from antibiotic-containing wastewater by the anammox process.展开更多
Sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification(SDAD),a process suited for the treatment of nitrogen and sulfur-polluted wastewater without extra supplement of organic carbon,is a promising biological nitrogen removal proce...Sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification(SDAD),a process suited for the treatment of nitrogen and sulfur-polluted wastewater without extra supplement of organic carbon,is a promising biological nitrogen removal process.However,the SDAD process was affected by many factors such as various electron donors,organic carbon and exogenous substances(e.g.,antibiotics and heavy metal),which prevent further application.Thus,we conducted a detailed review of previous studies on such influence factors and its current application.Besides,a comparative analysis was adopted to recognize the current challenges and future needs for feasible application,so as to ultimately perfect the SDAD process and extend its application scope.展开更多
Fe-N/C is a promising oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalyst to substitute the current widely used precious metal platinum.Cost-effectively fabricating the Fe-N/C material with high catalytic activity and getting in-d...Fe-N/C is a promising oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalyst to substitute the current widely used precious metal platinum.Cost-effectively fabricating the Fe-N/C material with high catalytic activity and getting in-depth insight into the responsible catalytic site are of great significance.In this work,we proposed to use biomass,tea leaves waste,as the precursor to prepare ORR catalyst.By adding 5%FeCl3(wt%)into tea precursor,the pyrolysis product(i.e.,5%Fe-N/C)exhibited an excellent four-electron ORR activity,whose onset potential was only 10 m V lower than that of commercial Pt/C.The limiting current density of 5%Fe-N/C(5.75 m A/cm^(2))was even higher than Pt/C(5.44 m A/cm^(2)).Compared with other biomass or metal organic frameworks derived catalysts,5%Fe-N/C showed similar ORR activity.Also,both the methanol tolerance and material stability performances of as-prepared 5%Fe-N/C catalyst were superior to that of Pt/C.X-ray adsorption fine structure characterization revealed that the FeN4O2might be the possible catalytic site.An appropriate amount of iron chloride addition not only facilitated catalytic site formation,but also enhanced material conductivity and reaction kinetics.The results of this work may be useful for the Fe based transition metal ORR catalyst design and application.展开更多
基金The authors are grateful for financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(No.LQ20E080014)the Science and Technology Development Program of Hangzhou,China(No.20191203B11).
文摘Antibiotic is widely present in the effluent from livestock husbandry and the pharmaceutical industry.Antibiotics in wastewater usually have high biological toxicity and even promote the occurrence and transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes.Moreover,most antibiotic-containing wastewater contains high concentration of ammonia nitrogen.Improper treatment will lead to high risk to the surrounding environment and even human health.The anaerobic ammonium oxidation(anammox)with great economic benefit and good treatment effect is a promising process to remove nitrogen from antibiotic-containing wastewater.However,antibiotic inhibition has been observed in anammox applications.Therefore,a comprehensive overview of the single and combined effects of various antibiotics on the anammox system is conducted in this review with a focus on nitrogen removal performance,sludge properties,microbial community,antibiotic resistance genes and anammox-involved functional genes.Additionally,the influencing mechanism of antibiotics on anammox consortia is summarized.Remaining problems and future research needs are also proposed based on the presented summary.This review provides a better understanding of the influences of antibiotics on anammox and offers a direction to remove nitrogen from antibiotic-containing wastewater by the anammox process.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51878231)。
文摘Sulfur-driven autotrophic denitrification(SDAD),a process suited for the treatment of nitrogen and sulfur-polluted wastewater without extra supplement of organic carbon,is a promising biological nitrogen removal process.However,the SDAD process was affected by many factors such as various electron donors,organic carbon and exogenous substances(e.g.,antibiotics and heavy metal),which prevent further application.Thus,we conducted a detailed review of previous studies on such influence factors and its current application.Besides,a comparative analysis was adopted to recognize the current challenges and future needs for feasible application,so as to ultimately perfect the SDAD process and extend its application scope.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51908172)for the support of this study。
文摘Fe-N/C is a promising oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)catalyst to substitute the current widely used precious metal platinum.Cost-effectively fabricating the Fe-N/C material with high catalytic activity and getting in-depth insight into the responsible catalytic site are of great significance.In this work,we proposed to use biomass,tea leaves waste,as the precursor to prepare ORR catalyst.By adding 5%FeCl3(wt%)into tea precursor,the pyrolysis product(i.e.,5%Fe-N/C)exhibited an excellent four-electron ORR activity,whose onset potential was only 10 m V lower than that of commercial Pt/C.The limiting current density of 5%Fe-N/C(5.75 m A/cm^(2))was even higher than Pt/C(5.44 m A/cm^(2)).Compared with other biomass or metal organic frameworks derived catalysts,5%Fe-N/C showed similar ORR activity.Also,both the methanol tolerance and material stability performances of as-prepared 5%Fe-N/C catalyst were superior to that of Pt/C.X-ray adsorption fine structure characterization revealed that the FeN4O2might be the possible catalytic site.An appropriate amount of iron chloride addition not only facilitated catalytic site formation,but also enhanced material conductivity and reaction kinetics.The results of this work may be useful for the Fe based transition metal ORR catalyst design and application.