Rhabdomyomatous well-differentiated esophageal liposarcomas are extremely rare. As of August 2016, only one other such case has been reported in the English-language medical literature. Liposarcomas in general are one...Rhabdomyomatous well-differentiated esophageal liposarcomas are extremely rare. As of August 2016, only one other such case has been reported in the English-language medical literature. Liposarcomas in general are one of the most common soft tissue neoplasms in adults, but the incidence of primary esophageal liposarcomas is exceptionally low. There have been only 42 reported cases of primary liposarcoma of the esophagus worldwide thus far. These malignancies are harbored within giant fibrovascular polyps, which slowly grow within the esophageal lumen causing obstructing symptoms. We hereby present the case of a 68-year-old male patient who came in with a 2-mo history of worsening intermittent dysphagia, persistent cough, and postprandial retrosternal pain. After an esophagogastroduodenoscopy, a computed tomographic scan, and a diagnostic endoscopy, complete endoscopic resection was performed of the 13 cm × 6 cm × 2.6 cm fibrovascular polyp. A literature review was done and results are presented herein.展开更多
The phytoecdysteroids(PEs)comprise a large group of biologically-active plant steroids,which have structures similar to those of insect-molting hormones.PEs are distributed in plants as secondary metabolites that offe...The phytoecdysteroids(PEs)comprise a large group of biologically-active plant steroids,which have structures similar to those of insect-molting hormones.PEs are distributed in plants as secondary metabolites that offer protection against phytophagus(plant-eating)insects.When insects consume the plants containing these chemicals,they promptly molt and undergo metabolic destruction;the insects eventually die.Chemically,ecdysteroids are a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids that are structurally similar to androgens.The carbon skeleton of ecdysteroids is termed as cyclopentanoperhydro-phenanthrene with aβ-side chain at carbon-17.The essential characteristics of ecdysteroids are a cis-(5β-H)junction of rings A and B,a 7-en-6-one chromophore,and a trans(14α-OH)junction of rings C and D.Plants only synthesize PEs from mevalonic acid in the mevalonate pathway of the plant cell using acetyl-CoA as a precursor;the most common PE is 20-hydroxyecdysone.So far,over 400 PEs have been identified and reported,and a compilation of 166 PEs originating from 1998 has been previously reviewed.In the present review,we have summarized 212 new PEs reported between 1999 and 2019.We have also critically analyzed the biological,pharmacological,and medicinal properties of PEs to understand the full impact of these phytoconstituents in health and disease.展开更多
文摘Rhabdomyomatous well-differentiated esophageal liposarcomas are extremely rare. As of August 2016, only one other such case has been reported in the English-language medical literature. Liposarcomas in general are one of the most common soft tissue neoplasms in adults, but the incidence of primary esophageal liposarcomas is exceptionally low. There have been only 42 reported cases of primary liposarcoma of the esophagus worldwide thus far. These malignancies are harbored within giant fibrovascular polyps, which slowly grow within the esophageal lumen causing obstructing symptoms. We hereby present the case of a 68-year-old male patient who came in with a 2-mo history of worsening intermittent dysphagia, persistent cough, and postprandial retrosternal pain. After an esophagogastroduodenoscopy, a computed tomographic scan, and a diagnostic endoscopy, complete endoscopic resection was performed of the 13 cm × 6 cm × 2.6 cm fibrovascular polyp. A literature review was done and results are presented herein.
文摘The phytoecdysteroids(PEs)comprise a large group of biologically-active plant steroids,which have structures similar to those of insect-molting hormones.PEs are distributed in plants as secondary metabolites that offer protection against phytophagus(plant-eating)insects.When insects consume the plants containing these chemicals,they promptly molt and undergo metabolic destruction;the insects eventually die.Chemically,ecdysteroids are a group of polyhydroxylated ketosteroids that are structurally similar to androgens.The carbon skeleton of ecdysteroids is termed as cyclopentanoperhydro-phenanthrene with aβ-side chain at carbon-17.The essential characteristics of ecdysteroids are a cis-(5β-H)junction of rings A and B,a 7-en-6-one chromophore,and a trans(14α-OH)junction of rings C and D.Plants only synthesize PEs from mevalonic acid in the mevalonate pathway of the plant cell using acetyl-CoA as a precursor;the most common PE is 20-hydroxyecdysone.So far,over 400 PEs have been identified and reported,and a compilation of 166 PEs originating from 1998 has been previously reviewed.In the present review,we have summarized 212 new PEs reported between 1999 and 2019.We have also critically analyzed the biological,pharmacological,and medicinal properties of PEs to understand the full impact of these phytoconstituents in health and disease.
