The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) is a well-established loss-rate model to estimate runoff. It combines watershed parameters and climatic factors in one entity curve number (CN). The CN exhibits an i...The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) is a well-established loss-rate model to estimate runoff. It combines watershed parameters and climatic factors in one entity curve number (CN). The CN exhibits an inherent seasonality beyond its spatial variability, which cannot be accounted for by the conventional methods. In the present study, an attempt has been made to determine the CN for different months of monsoon season with an objective to evaluate the impact of monthly CN on runoff estimation for Ozat catchment (Gujarat State, India). The standard CN and month wise CN were determined by three procedures, viz, the median, geometric mean and standard asymptotic fit using gauged rainfall and runoff. This study shows that the predictive capability of CN determination methods can be improved by using monthly CN. Refined Willmott’s index (dr) and mean absolute error (MAE) were used to assess and validate the performance of each method. The asymptotic fit CN method with monthly CN resulting dr from 0.46 to 0.49 and MAE from 1.13 mm to 1.18 mm was judged to be more consistent with the existing commonly used CN methods in terms of runoff estimation for the study area.展开更多
Surat city, the commercial capital of Gujarat state, India is situated at latitude 21°06’ to 21°15’ N and longitude 72°45' to 72°54'E on the bank of river Tapi and is affected by flood on...Surat city, the commercial capital of Gujarat state, India is situated at latitude 21°06’ to 21°15’ N and longitude 72°45' to 72°54'E on the bank of river Tapi and is affected by flood once in every five years since last hundred years. Present study describes the application of HEC-RAS model with integration of GIS for delineation of flood plain. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of Surat city is used as main input for flood inundation mapping. River section near Nehru Bridge is used as sample case to simulate flood flow. Discharges equal to food return period for 25 and 32 (worst flood year) have been used for investigation of flood scenario. Outcome of the research clearly indicates that most of the area of the Surat city is submerged for a depth of 2.5 to 4.0 m when the discharge released from Ukai dam equals to return period of 32 years (25768.09 Cumecs).展开更多
Agriculture automation is the main concern and emerging subject for every country.The world population is increasing at a very fast rate and with increase in population the need for food increases briskly.Traditional ...Agriculture automation is the main concern and emerging subject for every country.The world population is increasing at a very fast rate and with increase in population the need for food increases briskly.Traditional methods used by farmers aren't sufficient enough to serve the increasing demand and so they have to hamper the soil by using harmful pesticides in an intensified manner.This affects the agricultural practice a lot and in the end the land remains barren with no fertility.This paper talks about different automation practices like IOT,Wireless Communications,Machine learning and Artificial Intelligence,Deep learning.There are some areas which are causing the problems to agriculture field like crop diseases,lack of storage management,pesticide control,weed management,lack of irrigation and water management and all this problems can be solved by above mentioned different techniques.Today,there is an urgent need to decipher the issues like use of harmful pesticides,controlled irrigation,control on pollution and effects of environment in agricultural practice.Automation of farming practices has proved to increase the gain from the soil and also has strengthened the soil fertility.This paper surveys the work of many researchers to get a brief overview about the current implementation of automation in agriculture.The paper also discusses a proposed system which can be implemented in botanical farm for flower and leaf identification and watering using IOT.展开更多
文摘The Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) is a well-established loss-rate model to estimate runoff. It combines watershed parameters and climatic factors in one entity curve number (CN). The CN exhibits an inherent seasonality beyond its spatial variability, which cannot be accounted for by the conventional methods. In the present study, an attempt has been made to determine the CN for different months of monsoon season with an objective to evaluate the impact of monthly CN on runoff estimation for Ozat catchment (Gujarat State, India). The standard CN and month wise CN were determined by three procedures, viz, the median, geometric mean and standard asymptotic fit using gauged rainfall and runoff. This study shows that the predictive capability of CN determination methods can be improved by using monthly CN. Refined Willmott’s index (dr) and mean absolute error (MAE) were used to assess and validate the performance of each method. The asymptotic fit CN method with monthly CN resulting dr from 0.46 to 0.49 and MAE from 1.13 mm to 1.18 mm was judged to be more consistent with the existing commonly used CN methods in terms of runoff estimation for the study area.
文摘Surat city, the commercial capital of Gujarat state, India is situated at latitude 21°06’ to 21°15’ N and longitude 72°45' to 72°54'E on the bank of river Tapi and is affected by flood once in every five years since last hundred years. Present study describes the application of HEC-RAS model with integration of GIS for delineation of flood plain. Digital Elevation Model (DEM) of Surat city is used as main input for flood inundation mapping. River section near Nehru Bridge is used as sample case to simulate flood flow. Discharges equal to food return period for 25 and 32 (worst flood year) have been used for investigation of flood scenario. Outcome of the research clearly indicates that most of the area of the Surat city is submerged for a depth of 2.5 to 4.0 m when the discharge released from Ukai dam equals to return period of 32 years (25768.09 Cumecs).
文摘Agriculture automation is the main concern and emerging subject for every country.The world population is increasing at a very fast rate and with increase in population the need for food increases briskly.Traditional methods used by farmers aren't sufficient enough to serve the increasing demand and so they have to hamper the soil by using harmful pesticides in an intensified manner.This affects the agricultural practice a lot and in the end the land remains barren with no fertility.This paper talks about different automation practices like IOT,Wireless Communications,Machine learning and Artificial Intelligence,Deep learning.There are some areas which are causing the problems to agriculture field like crop diseases,lack of storage management,pesticide control,weed management,lack of irrigation and water management and all this problems can be solved by above mentioned different techniques.Today,there is an urgent need to decipher the issues like use of harmful pesticides,controlled irrigation,control on pollution and effects of environment in agricultural practice.Automation of farming practices has proved to increase the gain from the soil and also has strengthened the soil fertility.This paper surveys the work of many researchers to get a brief overview about the current implementation of automation in agriculture.The paper also discusses a proposed system which can be implemented in botanical farm for flower and leaf identification and watering using IOT.
