Current Situations of Edible Fungus Production in Lianyungang City and Development Countermeasures

On the basis of characteristics of edible fungus production in Lianyungang City, we analyzed its advantages and disadvantages and put forward suggestions and countermeasures for development of edible fungus industry, mainly including strengthening guidance and leadership of government, introducing professional personnel, and developing the edible fungus industry through science and technology.

Protein Phosphorylation and Phosphoproteome:An Overview of Rice

Protein phosphorylation,one of the major post-translational modifications,plays a crucial role in cell signaling,DNA replication,gene expression and differentiation;and alters enzyme activity and other biological activities;and regulates cell proliferation and enlargement,phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling,plant disease resistance,and grain filling and quality during rice seed development.Research work on protein phosphorylation started in the 1950 s with the discovery of phosphorylase a and phosphorylase b which are phospho and dephospho forms of the same enzyme.Over the last decade,rice proteomics has accomplished tremendous progress in setting up techniques to proteome nearly all tissues,organs and organelles.The progress made in this field is evident in number of research works.However,research on rice protein phosphorylation is still at its infancy and there are still many unanswered questions.In this review,the general description of protein phosphorylation,including history,structure,frequency of occurrence and function,are discussed.This work also elucidates the different methods for identification,qualification and finally,the progress in rice phosphoproteome research and perspectives.

Correlation Analysis of Rice Resistance Against Black-streaked Dwarf Virus Disease(RBSDV) and Small Brown Planthopper (Laodelphax striatellus Fallen)

To analyze the correlation of rice resistance against black-streaked dwarf virus disease（ RBSDV） and small brown planthopper（ SBPH; Laodelphax striatellus Fallen）,49 rice varieties were conduced field inoculation identification,artificial inoculation identification,antibiosis test and antixenosis test,respectively. There were more varieties with the incidence rate less than 20% in field inoculation. Field inoculation identification was greatly affected by external environment factors,and the incidence rates were significantly lower than that in artificial inoculation identification. In field inoculation and artificial inoculation identification,the incidence rates of indica rice varieties were lower than that of japonica rice varieties. Antibiosis test showed that all japonica rice varieties were susceptible to insect pests,and there were only five indica rice varieties with antibiosis value less than 81%. The antixenosis value of indica rice varieties was significantly lower than that of japonica rice varieties,and the resistance of indica rice varieties against SBPH was higher than that of japonica rice varieties. Correlation analysis of rice resistance against RBSDV and SBPH showed that the incidence rates of varieties in field identification had extremely positive correlation with its antixenosis to SBPH,but was irrelevant to antibiosis of varieties to SBPH. The incidence rates of varieties in artificial inoculation identification had significantly positive correlation with antixenosis and antibiosis of varieties to SBPH. Moreover,antixenosis of varieties had extremely positive correlation with incidence rates in both artificial inoculation identification and field inoculation identification. Therefore,insect-resistant varieties influenced virus transmitting effect of SBPH to a certain extent,and it could reduce the damage of RBSDV by cultivating resistant varieties against SBPH.

A Preliminary Study of the Key Technologies in Rice Seed Production

To study the production technology of rice seeds,with Lianjing 7 as test material,this paper explores the effects of the key rice seed production,processing and storage technologies( such as nitrogen fertilizer application and management,weeding mode in seed breeding field,temperature control of mechanical drying and water control on seed storage) on the quality of rice seeds. The results show that the optimal application proportion of tillering stage dressing and earing fertilizer is 8: 2,followed by 7 : 3; the best time of weeding is booting stage,with the highest purity; the effect of drying and germination rate is best when the temperature is controlled at 44℃ in mechanical drying process; the seed storage quality and storage costs can be guaranteed when the water content of rice seed is controlled at 18%.

A wake-up call: signaling in regulating ornamental geophytes dormancy

Ornamental geophytes are a group of important flowers worldwide.As perennial plants,geophytes go through several rounds of life cycle under seasonal climates.The dormant trait of underground modified organs in geophytes is critical for the process of storage,planting as well as breeding.Although the dormant physiology in geophytes is complex and largely unknown,several advancements have been achieved in this field.Here,we review the knowledge on the role of environmental factors,endogenous hormones,carbohydrates,and epigenetics in the regulation of geophytes dormancy release(GDR).We also discuss dormancy release(DR)methods and their roles in geophytes,including small molecular chemicals and wounding treatments.

Rapid generation of genetic diversity by multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in rice

The clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)-associated endonuclease 9(CRISPR/Cas9) system has emerged as a promising technology for specific genome editing in many species. Here we constructed one vector targeting eight agronomic genes in rice using the CRISPR/Cas9 multiplex genome editing system. By subsequent genetic transformation and DNA sequencing, we found that the eight target genes have high mutation efficiencies in the T_0 generation. Both heterozygous and homozygous mutations of all editing genes were obtained in T_0 plants. In addition, homozygous sextuple, septuple, and octuple mutants were identified. As the abundant genotypes in T_0 transgenic plants, various phenotypes related to the editing genes were observed. The findings demonstrate the potential of the CRISPR/Cas9 system for rapid introduction of genetic diversity during crop breeding.

Erratum to: Rapid generation of genetic diversity by multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in rice

The same figure was misused for the PCR/RE assay results of Gn1a and GW2 fragments in Figure 3,and the arrows in the graphicsal result of GW2 were not on the tape.The corrected Figure 3 is as follows.

Aeromonas sobria regulates proinflammatory immune response in mouse macrophages via activating the MAPK,AKT,and NF-κB pathways

Aeromonas sobria,a Gram-negative bacterium that can colonize both humans and animals,is found in a variety of environments,including water,seafood,meat,and vegetables(Cahill,1990;Galindo et al.,2004;Song et al,2019).Aeromonas spp.are conditionally pathogenic bacteria in aquaculture,which can rapidly proliferate,causing disease and even death in fish,especially when the environment is degraded(Neamat-Allah et al,2020,2021a,2021b).In developing countries,Aeromonas spp.have been associated with a wide spectrum of infections in humans,including gastroen-teritis,wound infections,septicemia,and lung infections(San Joaquin and Pickett,1988;Wang et al,2009;Su et al,2013).Infections caused by Aeromonas spp.are usually more severe in immunocompromised individuals(Miyamoto et al,2017).