An insight into the in vivo imaging potential of curcumin analogues as fluorescence probes

Curcumin and its derivatives have good electrical and optical properties due to the highly symmetric structure of delocalized π electrons. Apart from that, curcumin and its derivatives can interact with numerous molecular targets, thereby exerting less side effects on human body. The fluorescence emission wavelength and fluorescence intensity of curcumin can be enhanced by modifying its π-conjugated system and β-diketone structure. Some curcumin-based fluorescent probes have been utilized to detect soluble/insoluble amyloid-β protein, intracranial reactive oxygen species, cysteine, cancer cells, etc. Based on the binding characteristics of curcumin-based fluorescent probes with various target molecules, the factors affecting the fluorescence intensity and emission wavelength of the probes are analyzed, in order to obtain a curcumin probe with higher sensitivity and selectivity. Such an approach will be greatly applicable to in vivo fluorescence imaging.

Nanomedicine for tumor therapy-current status and challenges

The field of nanomedicine in controlled drug delivery systems, especially for tumor targeting, has tremendously progressed over the past decades because of its plentiful benefits, such as biocompatibility, stability in blood circulation, and ability to reduce side effects. Although a large number of relevant papers are published every year, few nanodrugs are available for clinical treatment. The present review aimed to explore the barriers in nanomedicine delivery and tumor targeting. Rational design of nanomedicine should consider not only tumor heterogeneity, in vivo metabolism, and physicochemical properties, but also more efficient innovations in particulate formulations for clinical application.