梅根际丛枝菌根真菌三个中国新记录种(英文)

Three new Chinese records, Acaulospora paulinae, Glomus aureum, and Pacispora robigina were found in a survey of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with Prunus mume in China. They were redescribed and illustrated in accordance with Chinese materials. These specimens were stored in the Herbarium Mycologicum Academiae Sinicae (HMAS) in Beijing.

中国鸡油菌属一新记录—鸡油菌鳞盖变种(英文)

During a taxonomic revision on cantharelloid fungi in China, Cantharellus cibarius var. squamosus A. P?ll apud J. Murr, a new Chinese record was confirmed base on four collections. The paper provides full description and illustration of the variety, and relative information about

Ecological variables influencing the diversity and distribution of macrolichens colonizing Quercus leucotrichophora in Uttarakhand forest

Ecological variables play a significant role in determining the diversity and distribution of any living organism on earth. Lichens are not exceptional and are quite sensitive in comparison to other organisms; hence the present study focuses on the impact of ecological variables on the diversity and distribution of epiphytic macrolichens colonizing Quercus leucotrichophora across eight different sites(50 m × 50 m) in Thal Ke Dhar forest, Kumaun Himalaya, Uttarakhand, India. For sampling of macrolichens, 200 trees(25 trees from each site) of Q.leucotrichophora were selected from each site and five quadrats of 5 cm × 10 cm(1000 quadrats in totality) were drawn at the tree trunk. From all the sampled trees, a total of 54 species of epiphytic macrolichens belonging to 18 genera and five families were recorded. Various ecological variables, namely altitude, aspect, slope, diameter at breast height(DBH), and lopping percent(partial cutting of the twigs as disturbance), were also analyzed to investigate their influence on macrolichen species composition and distribution pattern in the study area. For the determination of relationships between these variables, statistical analysis, namely Pearson's Correlation Coefficient, Polynomial regression analysis and Principal Component Analysis(PCA)were performed. Out of all variables, lopping was significantly correlated to species richness of epiphytic macrolichens(0.712~*, p<0.05) and it was confirmed by Pearson's Correlation Coefficient.Despite of having high anthropogenic pressure or impact through lopping, the maximum number of macrolichen species was recorded at elevation 2267 meter above sea level(m asl). The present study revealed that besides other ecological variables,lopping practices can act as a key parameter incontrolling the diversity and distribution not only of epiphytic macrolichens but also of other life forms such as bryophytes, pteridophytes, insects, birds etc.and can be either negatively or positively correlated.

A Brief Biography of Prof.Yun-chang Wang(1906-)

Yun-chang Wang,a Chinese mycologist and pathologist,was born in Neihuang county of Henan province.After his graduation from Agricultural College of Peiping University,he became an assis- tant researcher in Botany Institute of Peiping Insti- tute.In 1936,he started his study in Belgium and two years later was granted a doctorate by 1' Universitéde Louvain.Since 1939,he has succes- sively taught in Zhejiang University,Sichuan Uni- versity,Northwest Agricultural College。

First report of lichens from St.Mary’s Islands,the south west coast,India

The paper presents the first ever report on lichens of St.Mary’s Island with a total of 20 species belonging to 13 genera.Two species,Pertusaria dehiscens var.sekikaica A.W.Archer&Elix and Porina howeana P.M.McCarthy are reported as new records for India.Rhizocarpon obscuratum(Ach.)A.Massal.is recorded after a gap of 52 years.

Preliminary studies on the lichens growing in FEEDS campus and SB garden in Manipur,India

In our continuous effort to explore the lichens in new and interesting areas FEEDS campus and SBG garden located in Manipur,a north-eastern state of India are surveyed.The study resulted in 47 species in FEEDS campus and 80 species in SB garden respectively,while both areas shared 22 species in common.The crustose lichens were more dominant in the area represented by Graphidaceae(16 spp.)and Pyrenulaceae(15 spp.).The species composition in both the sites represented photophilic communities such as graphidaceous,physcioid and parmelioid lichens.FEEDS campus had open areas with cultivated plants where as SBG garden had semi-evergreen forest at its initial stage of succession.The study also added 55 lichen species as new distributional records to Manipur.

Diversity of lichen flora of Odisha,India-A review

Based on the compilation of literature on lichens of Odisha(India)and other specimens and preserved in herbaria,we estimate that 252 species of lichens,belonging to 81 genera and 35 families are known from the state.Graphidaceae with 49 species is the dominant family,followed by Arthoniaceae(21),Pyrenulaceae(19),Parmeliaceae(18),Trypetheliaceae(17),Physciaceae(15),Teloschistaceae(14),Lecanoraceae(13),Pertusariaceae(12),Ramalinaceae(11),Caliciaceae(11),Thelotremataceae(9)and Lecidiaceae(4).Among the lichen genera Graphis is dominant with 27 species,followed by Pyrenula(16),Caloplaca(14),Pertusaria(12),Lecanora(10),Parmotrema(9),Cryptothecia(9)and Pyxine(6).Accounts of lichens are only available from 13 out of 30 districts.Of these only cursory collections from 10 districts are available,whereas Mayurbhanj,Jharsuguda and Ganjam districts are well-explored for their lichen flora.The present enumeration of more than 250 species clearly indicates a rich diversity of lichens for the state.Further exploration in other unexplored districts will add more species to the lichen flora of the state.

Additions to the lichen flora of Assam with special reference to Astrothelium alboverrucoides,a new record to India

The present study enumerates the diversity of corticolous lichens from Kokrajhar district of Assam state.The study records 54 species of lichens belonging to 21 genera and 14 families.Majority of the species are crustose(44 species)and 10 are foliose.One of the species,Astrothelium alboverrucoides is a new record to India while five species viz.,Graphis sayeri,Hemithecium croceum,Malmidea piperis,Ocellularia allosporoides and Porina belanospora are new additions to the lichen biota of Assam.Among the species,nine are endemic to India.Graphidaceae is the dominant family and Dirinaria consimilis is frequently found in all the study sites.This indicates its scope for future applications in other studies related to lichens in the region.

New and noteworthy records of lichens from Pathanamthitta district,Kerala,India

Lichen biota of Pathanamthitta district of Kerala state was thoroughly studied which resulted in 24 lichen species as new to Kerala and one species,Phaeographis nylanderi(Vain.)Zahlbr.as new to India.All the species identified are either crustose or foliose forms belonging to families Graphidaceae and Caliciaceae indicating the dominance of these groups in the study area.List of all the 25 species are provided along with their distribution.

Lichens of the Sirumalai hills,Eastern Ghats with one genus and six species new to India

Lichens of Sirumalai hills are reported here for the first time.Lichen biota comprised of 95 species.The genus Japewiella is reported for the first time in India and is represented by J.tavaresiana(H.Magn.)Printzen.Furthermore,the following six taxa including one variety are new to India viz.Arthonia atra(Pers.)A.Schneid.,Graphis brevicarpa M.Nakan.,Kashiw.&K.H.Moon,Micarea erratica(Körb.)Hertel,Rambold&Pietschm.,Pertusaria cicatricosa var.deficiens A.W.Archer,Elix&Streimam,Porina subargillacea Müll Arg.,and Pyxine schmidtii Vain.Brief accounts for all the new records to India are provided to facilitate their identification.Arthonia redingeri Grube and Lepraria caesiella R.C.Harris are reported for the first time from south India.Besides all above,29 species are recorded for the first time from the state of Tamil Nadu.The lichen biota of the area is primarily corticolous in habitats and dominated by crustose form.

New additions of macrolichens to the lichen flora of Arunachal Pradesh,India in Eastern Himalaya

Lichen exploration of West Kameng district and Tawang district of Arunachal Pradesh state,India located in the Eastern Himalayas reveal seventy nine lichens represented primarily by foliose(73%),a few fruticose(15%),dimorphic(8%),leprose(2%)and crustose(1%)types.Of these,seventeen species,one fruticose,sixteen foliose growth forms,belonging to 12 genera and 5 families are recorded as new additions to the lichen flora of Arunachal Pradesh state.The lichens were sampled at an elevation ranging from 1618 meter to 4509 meter.The diagnostic features of new additions to macrolichens of Arunachal Pradesh based on the phytogeographic affinities and distribution of species is briefly described.

The homology analysis of internal transcribed spacer sequence of ribosomal DNA in common dermatophytes

In order to analyze the sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) including the 5.8 S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) of common dermatophytes, so as to obtain a rapid and accurate method to identify the species of dermatophytes and to establish the phylogenetic tree of these species to understand their relationship,16 strains of dermatophytes were collected and preliminarily identified by morphological characteristics. General primers for fungi ITS1 and ITS4 were used to amplify the ITS rDNA of each strains with PCR. The PCR products after purification were sequenced directly and were analyzed through internet. In the results,11 strains were identified by means of morphological features, among which 5 strains were Trichophyton,5 strains were Microsporum and 1 was Epidermaphyton, which was consistent with the results by molecular biology. In the 5 unidentifiable strains, 1 strain was proved to be Chrysosporium by molecular biology. These strains studied could be divided into 3 different classes as indicated in the analysis of the phylogenetic tree of the sequences in ITS, which were quite different from those of morphological classification. It is evident from the above observations that the molecular method of analysis on the ITS sequences is a rapid, highly sensitive and accurate approach for the detection of dematophyte species, however, it still exhibits some limitations needing the supplementation with morphological identification.

New records of Graphidaceae(lichenized fungi)from the Western Ghats of Kerala state,India

In the present paper,15 lichenized fungal species belonging to family Graphidaceae are described,of which Ocellularia albomaculata,O.ascidioidea,O.kanneliyensis,O.monosporoides,O.pertusariiformis and O.rhicnopora are new records to Indian lichen biota and Pallidogramme chrysenteron is new to Peninsular India,whereas Asteristion alboolivaceum,Chapsa hiata,Diploschistes rampoddensis,Fissurina rubiginosa,Pseudochapsa phlyctidioides,Thelotrema canarense,T.piluliferum and T.subtile are new to lichen biota of Kerala state.

An enumeration of lichen diversity from Ultapani Forest Range of Kokrajhar District,Assam with Ocellularia calvescens and Rhabdodiscus subcavatus,two new records in India

The occurence of 52 species of lichens belonging to 25 genera and 14 families from Ultapani,Saralpara and Labanyapur of Ultapani Forest Range of Kokrajhar district,Assam(India)is provided.The majority of the species are crustose with 43 species,foliose with seven species and fruticose and squamulose with one species each.This study added two new records Ocellularia calvescens(Fée)Müll.Arg.and Rhabdodiscus subcavatus(Nyl.)Rivas Plata,Lücking&Lumbsch for the first time to the Indian lichen biota.The family Diploschistaceae and Graphidaceae show luxuriant growth in the area followed by Pyrenulaceae and Trichotheliaceae.The genera Ocellularia is dominant with seven species followed by Pyrenula and Porina with six and four species respectively.Among the three areas,Ultapani showed maximum diversity of lichens compared to the other two.The dominance of Diploschistaceae and Graphidaceae members indicates semi-evergreen and moist deciduous forest as well as smooth bark trees in the region that provides healthy forest with ecological continuity.

Seasonal and Tissue Age Influences on Endophytic Fungi of Pinus tabulaeformis (Pinaceae) in the Dongling Mountains, Beijing

Endophytic fungi associated with Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. were investigated in the Dongling Mountains of Beijing. A total of 16200 tissue segments of P. tabulaeformis from four sample collections were processed, and 10659 fungal isolates were recovered. The overall colonization and isolation rates of endophytic fungi from high to low were spring〉winter〉autumn〉summer and in different tissues were bark〉needle〉xylem, irrespective of sampling seasons. The colonization rates of endophytic fungi of needles increased with age in the four sample collections. There were no significant differences of the colonization rates of endophytic fungi among 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old bark and xylem, except for significantly lower colonization rates in 1-year-old bark than in 2- and 3-year-old bark in summer. A similar trend of the isolation rates of endophytic fungi occurred. A total of 24 fungal taxa were recorded, of these five taxa Alternaria alternata, Leptostroma sp., Pestalotiopsis besseyi, Phoma lingam, and Phomopsis archeri, were consistently isolated as the common fungi in each sample collection. Our results suggest that some fungi show a certain degree of tissue recurrence or specificity, and the composition of endophytic assemblages is not conspicuously influenced by the seasonal factor.

Larvicidal potential of selected indigenous lichens against three mosquito species–Culex quinquefasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles stephensi

Objective：Mosquitoes are the major transmitting vectors of serious human diseases,causing millions of deaths every year with undesirable effects,including toxicity to non-target organisms.Some plants with insecticidal properties have been used in recent years for the control of a variety of pest insects and vectors.In the quest for alternative natural biological control agents against mosquito larvae lichens were selected.Method：Larvicidal activity was assessed with methanolic extracts of Parmotrema reticulatum,Parmotrema kamatti,Parmotrema tinctorum,Parmelia erumpens,Leptogium papilosum,and Roccella montagnei against Aedes aegypti,Anopheles stephensi,and Culex quinquefasciatus.The standard WHO protocols with minor modifications were adopted and the bioassay was evaluated at the concentrations of 100–500μg/m L for each lichen.Since all the lichen extracts showed complete mortality against C.quinquefasciatus in100μg/m L,the concentrations were decreased to 100,50,25,12.5,and 6.25μg/m L for C.quinquefasciatus.Larval mortality was observed for 24 h after treatment.Results：All the lichen extracts exhibited activity against third instar larvae of A.aegypti and A.stephensi at 100μg/m L,and 100%mortality was observed against the vector C.quinquefasciatus at 100μg/m L.The highest larvicidal activity was found with L.papilosum against A.aegypti（81.127μg/m L）and A.stephensi（89.10μg/m L）.Similarly,P.tinctorum and R.montagnei when tested against C.quinquefasciatus with minimum concentration〈100μg/m L exhibited significant activity withof 5.32and 6.97μg/m L.Conclusion：The bioassay results revealed larvicidal potential of lichens especially against C.quinquefasciatus with high mortality even at lower concentration.Hence,lichens can be used as an ideal sustainable approach for the control of lymphatic filariasis caused by vector C.quinquefasciatus.

Research Progress on Artificial Cultivation of Trhicoloma Matsutake and Theory of the Shiro in Changbai Mountains

Study on artificial cultivation of Tricholoma matsutake carried through by the present research group in Changbai Mountains in recent years was briefly reviewed in the paper, and then, the signify-cance of cultivation, mechanism of formation, hiberar-chy, growth cycle and suitable living environment, were summarized.