Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)has been recently studied in animal models,and in clinical trials of patients with fulminant hepatic failure,end-stage liver diseases and inherited metabolic disorders.Mo...Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)has been recently studied in animal models,and in clinical trials of patients with fulminant hepatic failure,end-stage liver diseases and inherited metabolic disorders.Modulatory cytokines produced by MSCs can inhibit immunocyte proliferation and migration to the liver,thereby attenuating inflammatory injury and reducing hepatocyte apoptosis.In addition,MSCs play an important role in regressing liver fibrosis and in supporting the function,proliferation and differentiation of endogenous hepatocytes under appropriate conditions.Although remarkable progress has been achieved in basic and clinical MSC studies,optimal therapeutic regimens for the clinical application of MSCs,such as optimal doses,transplantation routine and interval period for transplantation,need to be elucidated in detail.Furthermore,the long-term safety and therapeutic efficacy of MSC transplantation should be evaluated in future clinical trials.This review summarizes our current understanding of the immunomodulatory effects of MSC therapies on human liver diseases.展开更多
Liver fibrosis and its end-stage consequence, cirrhosis, represent the final common pathway of virtually all chronic liver diseases. Research into hepatic stellate cell activation, imbalance of the extracellular matri...Liver fibrosis and its end-stage consequence, cirrhosis, represent the final common pathway of virtually all chronic liver diseases. Research into hepatic stellate cell activation, imbalance of the extracellular matrix synthesis and degradation and the contribution of cytokines and chemokines has further elucidated the mechanisms underlying fibrosis. Furthermore, clarification of changes in host adaptive and innate immune systems has accelerated our understanding of the association between liver inflammation and fibrosis. Continued elucidation of the mechanisms of hepatic fibrosis has provided a comprehensive model of fibrosis progression and regression. This review summarizes the current concepts of improvements that have been made in the field of fibrosis.展开更多
基金This work was supported by grants from the National Grand Program on Key Infectious Disease(No.2009ZX10004-309,No.2008ZX10002-007 and No.2008ZX10002-005-6)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(No.2007CB512805 and No.2007CB512804).
文摘Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)has been recently studied in animal models,and in clinical trials of patients with fulminant hepatic failure,end-stage liver diseases and inherited metabolic disorders.Modulatory cytokines produced by MSCs can inhibit immunocyte proliferation and migration to the liver,thereby attenuating inflammatory injury and reducing hepatocyte apoptosis.In addition,MSCs play an important role in regressing liver fibrosis and in supporting the function,proliferation and differentiation of endogenous hepatocytes under appropriate conditions.Although remarkable progress has been achieved in basic and clinical MSC studies,optimal therapeutic regimens for the clinical application of MSCs,such as optimal doses,transplantation routine and interval period for transplantation,need to be elucidated in detail.Furthermore,the long-term safety and therapeutic efficacy of MSC transplantation should be evaluated in future clinical trials.This review summarizes our current understanding of the immunomodulatory effects of MSC therapies on human liver diseases.
文摘Liver fibrosis and its end-stage consequence, cirrhosis, represent the final common pathway of virtually all chronic liver diseases. Research into hepatic stellate cell activation, imbalance of the extracellular matrix synthesis and degradation and the contribution of cytokines and chemokines has further elucidated the mechanisms underlying fibrosis. Furthermore, clarification of changes in host adaptive and innate immune systems has accelerated our understanding of the association between liver inflammation and fibrosis. Continued elucidation of the mechanisms of hepatic fibrosis has provided a comprehensive model of fibrosis progression and regression. This review summarizes the current concepts of improvements that have been made in the field of fibrosis.
