Total flavonoids of Astragalus membranaceus protect against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced neurotoxicity in mice by inhibiting ferroptosis through SLC7A11/GPX-4 signaling pathway

Parkinson’s disease(PD)is a common neurodegenerative disorder with no cure.Astragalus membranaceus is used in Chinese culture as a food supplement to boost immunity.The present study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effects of total flavonoids extracted from A.membranaceus(TFA)and their protective mechanisms.TFA offered neuroprotection against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)in the mouse model of Parkinsonism,by improving behavior performance in the gait analysis and pole test,and inhibiting the decline of tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)positive neurons and TH protein expression in substantia nigra of mice.TFA also prevented 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium(MPP+)induced neurotoxicity in SHSY5Y cells,by increasing GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio,and reducing reactive oxygen species.In addition,the neuroprotective effects of TFA were associated with its ability to restore MPTP/MPP+induced downregulation of SLC7A11 and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX-4).In conclusion,we demonstrated that TFA exerted significant neuroprotection against MPTP/MPP+induced neurodegeneration by inhibiting ferroptosis through the regulation of SLC7A11/GPX-4 axis,suggesting the use of TFA as a possible food supplement in the prevention of PD.

Bibliometric analysis and visual atlas of mercury-containing Chinese medicine:Hongfen(hydrargyrum oxydatum crudum)

Objectives In order to provide theoretical support for clinical standardization and promotion of the use of Hongfen(hydrargyrum oxydatum crudum),a mercury-containing Chinese medicine,as well as to make it easier to apply traditional Chinese topical preparations in a more contemporary manner.Methods We screened the topical research literature on Hongfen.Firstly,we analyzed the current research status of Hongfen statistically in terms of disciplinary distribution,research institutions,funding,publication volume,research types,and research focus of the literature;secondly,we analyzed the research status of Hongfen by MeSH term analysis,abstract and combined with the herbal literature,the indications,usage,dosage,and adverse effects of Hongfen were statistically analyzed,and keyword co-occurrence analysis and data visualization were performed using python+pyecharts.Results Early studies on Hongfen were mainly on the evaluation of the formulation process,while the current studies are mainly focused on clinical effectiveness and safety,with a considerable part of the studies also focused on drug toxicology,metabolism of mercury components target organ toxicity studies,while the basic studies on its mechanism of action are less.The clinical application is mainly focused on chronic ulcerated sores,refractory sinus fistula,and other surgical sore diseases,the use of which is mostly in the form of compounding and adding excipients,the use of which requires consideration of the accumulation of drug toxicity and attention to drug dosage and duration of use in order to reduce the occurrence of clinical side effects.Conclusion Hongfen is a type of mineral medicine that is extremely toxic but has a known curative effect.Its clinical use is low-risk,and its advantages greatly outweigh its drawbacks.Molecular biology technology should be actively carried out to analyze the pharmacological mechanism of Hongfen,which will play a positive role in the transmission and promotion of traditional Chinese medicine topical preparations.

Research progress in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer with traditional Chinese medicine

Diabetic foot ulcer is one of the common and serious complications of diabetes,which may cause disability and death,and bring heavy economic and psychological burden to patients.The current treatment of Western medicine mainly includes controlling blood sugar,controlling infection,improving local circulation,interventional surgery,skin grafting,etc.the clinical effect is not good and the patients have heavy economic burden.Traditional Chinese medicine has its own characteristics in the treatment of diabetic ulcer,including internal treatment and external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine,which can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients and reduce the pain of patients.This paper reviews the treatment of diabetic foot ulcer with traditional Chinese medicine.

Research Progress on Anti-tumor Mechanism of Clearing Heat-Toxin Intervention of Apoptosis-related Proteins

Apoptosis is a spontaneous programmed cell death process,which is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumors.Inducing apoptosis of tumor cells has become an important way of anti-tumor therapy.Studies have found that clearing heat-toxin Chinese medicine has a significant effect on inducing apoptosis,which may be the key mechanism of anti-tumor of Chinese medicine.By reviewing the theoretical origin of anti-tumor TCM of clearing heat-toxin Chinese herbs and the pharmacological research progress of intervening apoptosis-related proteins to promote apoptosis of tumor cells,this paper provides a basis for TCM to induce apoptosis of tumor cells to prevent and treat malignant tumors.

Development and Future Trends of Traditional Kampo Medicine in Japan

Traditional Kampo medicine is based on traditional Chinese medicine,which spread to Japan via the Korean Peninsula in the 5th century.The practice of Kampo developed gradually under the influence of local Japanese culture and prospered until the Meiji Restoration.Kampo appeared in schools successively,such as the School of Later Developments,the School of Classic Methods,the School of Textual Research,and the Integrated School.However,the practice of Kampo gradually declined after the Meiji Restoration.Today,through the continuous efforts of knowledgeable Japanese Kampo practitioners,the practice of Kampo has entered a new era as an indispensable aspect of contemporary Japanese medicine.

Jianpi Qingchang decoction regulates intestinal motility of dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis through reducing autophagy of interstitial cells of Cajal

AIM To investigate the underlying effect of Jianpi Qingchang decoction(JQD) regulating intestinal motility of dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis in mice. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: the control group, the DSS group, the JQD group, and the 5-aminosalicylic acid group. Except for the control group, colitis was induced in other groups by giving distilled water containing 5% DSS. Seven days after modeling, the mice were administered corresponding drugs intragastrically. The mice were sacrificed on the 15^(th) day. The disease activity index, macroscopic and histopathologic lesions, and ultrastructure of colon interstitial cells of Cajal(ICC) were observed. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α), interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-10 and interferon gamma(IFN-γ), the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) p65, c-kit, microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3-Ⅱ) and Beclin-l m RNA, and the colonic smooth muscle tension were assessed. RESULTS Acute inflammation occurred in the mice administered DSS. Compared with the control group, the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-10 and IFN-γ, the expression of LC3-Ⅱ, Beclin-1 and NF-κB p65 m RNA, and the contractile frequency increased(P < 0.05), the expression of c-kit m RNA and the colonic smooth muscle contractile amplitude decreased in the DSS group(P < 0.05). Compared with the DSS group, the levels of IL-10 and IFN-γ, the expression of c-kit m RNA, and the colonic smooth muscle contractile amplitude increased(P < 0.05), the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β, the expression of LC3-Ⅱ, Beclin-1 and NF-κB p65 m RNA, and the contractile frequency decreased in the JQD group(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION JQD can regulate the intestinal motility of DSS-induced colitis in mice through suppressing intestinal inflammatory cascade reaction, reducing autophagy of ICC, and regulating the network path of ICC/smooth muscle cells.

Anti-apoptotic effect of Shudipingchan granule in the substantia nigra of rat models of Parkinson＇s disease

Levodopa is the gold-standard treatment for Parkinson's disease. However, although it alleviates the clinical symptoms, it cannot delay the progressive apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons or prevent motor complications in the long term. In the present study, we investigated the effect of Shudipingchan granule on neuronal apoptosis in a rat model of Parkinson's disease, established by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine into the substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area. We then administered levodopa(20 mg/kg intraperitoneally, twice daily) with or without Shudipingchan granule(7.5 m L/kg intragastrically, twice daily), for 4 weeks. The long-term use of levodopa accelerated apoptosis of nigral cells and worsened behavioral symptoms by activating the extracellular signal-regulated kinase pathway and downstream apoptotic factors. However, administration of Shudipingchan granule with levodopa reduced expression of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and Bax, increased tyrosine hydroxylase and Bcl-2, reduced apoptosis in the substantia nigra, and markedly improved dyskinesia. These findings suggest that Shudipingchan granule suppresses neuronal apoptosis by inhibiting the hyperphosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and downregulating expression of anti-apoptotic genes. Shudipingchan granule, used in combination with levodopa, can effectively reduce the symptoms of Parkinson's disease.

Systems pharmacology approach reveals the antiinflammatory effects of Ampelopsis grossedentata on dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis

AIM To investigate the protective effects of Ampelopsis grossedentata(AMP) on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis in mice based on systems pharmacology approach.METHODS Systems pharmacology approach was used to predict the active ingredients, candidate targets and the efficacy of AMP on ulcerative colitis(UC) using a holistic process of active compound screening, target fishing, network construction and analysis. A DSSinduced colitis model in C57 BL/6 mice(n = 10/group) was constructed and treated with 5-aminosalicylic acid(100 mg/kg/d) and AMP(400 mg/kg/d) to confirm the underlying mechanisms and effects of AMP on UC with western blot analyses, polymerase chain reaction, histological staining and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS The therapeutic effects of AMP against DSS-induced colitis were determined in the beginning, and the results showed that AMP significantly improved the disease in general observations and histopathology analysis. Subsequent systems pharmacology predicted 89 corresponding targets for the four candidate compounds of AMP, as well as 123 candidate targets of UC, and protein-protein interaction networks were constructed for the interaction of putative targets of AMP against UC. Enrichment analyses on TNF-α and RANKL/RANK, a receptor activator of NF-κB signaling pathways, were then carried out. Experimental validation revealed that inflammation-related signaling pathways were activated in the DSS group, and AMP significantly suppressed DSS-induced high expression of IRAK1, TRAF6, IκB and NF-κB, and inhibited the elevated expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8.CONCLUSION AMP could exert protective effects on UC via suppressing the IRAK1/TRAF6/NF-κB-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways.

Interventional effect of electroacupuncture combined with medicine on monoamine neurotransmitters in hypothalamus of rats with ulcerative colitis

BACKGROUND: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is conventionally treated with sulfasalazine and other aminosalicylic acids. The symptoms of UC can be rapidly controlled, but high recurrence, severe adverse reactions and other shortages exist commonly. Whether electroacupuncture combined with medicine can make up these shortages remains unclear. OBJECTIVE: This study was to observe the regulatory effect of electroacupuncture combined with medicine on monoamine neurotransmitter in hypothalamus of rats with ulcerative colitis, and to analyze the pathogenesis of UC and the action pathway of electroacupuncture combined with medicine. DESIGN: A randomized controlled observation. SETTING: Shanghai Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian. MATERIALS: Thirty involved male SD rats of clean grade, weighing (200±20)g, were provided by the Experimental Animal Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Sulfasalazine was produced in the Shanghai Sanwei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd [certification No. (1995)002083]. METHODS: This study was carried out in the State Laboratory (grade 3) for Acupuncture and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian. The involved 30 rats were randomized into 5 groups: normal group, model group, electroacupuncture group, medicine group and electroacupuncture combined with medicine group, with 6 rats in each group. Rats in the latter 4 groups were prepared into models of UC. In the electroacupuncture group, Zusanli(shuang) point was selected. Electro-acupuncture apparatus (G6805Ⅱ type) was connected to the point and used to stimulate it with continuous wave, frequency of 2 Hz, electrical intensity 4 mA, 20 minutes a day, for 14 days successively. In the medicine group, rats were intragastrically administrated with sulfasalazine, twice a day, 3 mL once, for 14 days successively. In the electroacupuncture combined with medicine group, rats were treated with electroacupuncture and medicine simultaneously as described in the previous two groups. Rats in the model group and normal control group were untouched except for being fixed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The levels of noradrenaline acid tartrate (NE), 3-methoxy-4 hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), dopamine hydrochloride (DA), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) hydrochloride, homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA) of rats in each group were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-electrochemical method. RESULTS: All the 30 involved rats entered into the stage of final analysis. ①Detection of NE and MHPG levels: After treatment, NE level in the hypothalamus of rats was significantly higher in the electroacupuncture combined with medicine group, electroacupuncture group and medicine group was all significantly higher than that in the model group, respectively (P < 0.01). After treatment, MHPG level in the metabolite of NE was very significantly higher in the electroacupuncture group than in the medicine group (P < 0.01). ②Detection of DA and DOPAC levels: After treatment, DA level in the hypothalamus of rats was very significantly higher in the medicine group than in the model group (P < 0.01). ③Detection of 5-HT, HVA and 5-HIAA levels: After treatment, 5-HIAA level in the hypothalamus of rats was significantly higher in the medicine group than in the model group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The abnormal synthesis and metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitter in the central nervous system is one of pathogenesis of UC. Electroacupuncture combined with medicine might reach its goal of treatment by regulating the monoamine neurotransmitter disorder in the hypothalamus of rats with UC.

Transcriptome analysis of leaves,roots and flowers of Panax notoginseng on ginsenoside and alkaloid biosynthesis and amelioration of vascular insufficiency conditions by saponins from the flower buds

OBJECTIVE To investigate the transcriptomic details on the biosynthetic pathways in different parts of the Panax notoginseng and the pharmacological activity of the saponins extracted from the flower(FS)on vascular insufficiency conditions.METHODS RNA sequencing of three different Panax notoginseng tissues was performed using next generation DNA sequencing and differential gene expression was validated by real-time PCR.In order to determine pro-angiogenic and therapeutic effects of FS on myocardial infraction(MI),FS was examined on the endothelial cell migration assay,vascular insufficiency model in zebrafish and MI model in rats.RESULTS After assembling the high quality sequencing reads into 107 340 unigenes,biochemical pathways were predicted and 9 908 unigenes were assigned to 135 KEGG pathways.Among them,270 unigenes were identified to be involved in triterpene saponin biosynthesis as well as 350 and 342unigenes were predicted to encode cytochrome P450 sand glycosyltransferases,respectively.One unigene was annotated as CYP716A53v2,probably participates in the formation of protopanaxatriol from protopanaxadiol and the differential expression of this gene was confirmed by real-time PCR.In addition,the pharmacological evaluation demonstrate that FS significantly promoted vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)induced the migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)and partially restored defective intersegmental vessels in a chemically induced vascular insufficiency model of zebrafish larva.Moreover,the two week posttreatment of the rat MI model with FS(25-50mg·kg-1·d-1)induced approximately 3-fold upregulation of VEGF mRNA expression,with a concomitant increase in blood vessel density in the peri-infarct area of the heart by 50.7%,compared to 41.4%in the MI group.Furthermore,TUNEL analysis indicates a reduction in the mean apoptotic nuclei per field in peri-infarct myocardium upon FS treatment.CONCLUSION We have established a global transcriptome dataset for Panax notoginseng and provided additional genetic information for further genome-wide research and analyses.Candidate genes involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis,including putative cytochrome P450 sand glycosyltransferases were obtained.The transcriptomes in different plant tissues also provide invaluable resources for future study of the differences in physiological processes and secondary metabolites in different parts of P.notoginseng.And the significant pro-angiogenic effect of FS in multiple experimental models renders the purified saponin preparation as potential preventive and therapeutic agent for cardiovascular diseases yet to be developed.

Multidisciplinary treatment of a patient with severe immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis:A case report

BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)are a new class of antitumor drugs that have been approved to treat a variety of malignant tumors.However,the occurrence of immune related adverse events(irAEs)has become an important reason for terminating treatment.ICIs sometimes lead to diarrhea and colitis,with severe enterocolitis potentially causing the hemorrhage of the lower gastrointestinal tract and colonic perforation.ICI-associated colitis is primarily treated with glucorticosteroids and/or agents targeting tumor necrosis factor-α.Here,we describe a case of severe ICI-associated colitis due to anti-programmed cell death ligand 1(PD-L1)(durvalumab)treatment for small cell lung cancer with liver metastasis.The patient exhibited a poor response to rescuable therapy,and eventually received a laparoscopic subtotal colectomy and ileostomy.The data presented here will contribute to optimizing current treatment strategies for patients with severe ICI-associated colitis.CASE SUMMARY A 71-year-old man was admitted for a second course of anti-PD-L1+IP(durvalumab+irinotecan+cisplatin)treatment to manage lung cancer with liver metastasis,diagnosed 1 mo previously.Four days after the second dose,the patient developed abdominal pain and bloody diarrhea.Due to the anti-PD-L1 medication history and colonoscopy findings of the patient,he was diagnosed with a colitis associated with ICI treatment.After treatment with sufficient glucocorticoids and two courses of infliximab,the patient developed severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding.After adequate assessment,the patient was treated by laparoscopic surgery,and was discharged in stable condition.CONCLUSION The early screening and hierarchical management of irAEs need the joint participation of a multidisciplinary team.For ICI-related colitis with ineffective medical treatment,timely surgical intervention could prevent the death of patients.

Role of cytokines in atherosclerotic inflammation response: A review

Cytokines play an important role in the pathological process of atherosclerosis(AS),affecting the progression and prognosis of cerebrovascular diseases concerned with AS.Cytokines mainly include C-reactive protein,interleukin,tumor necrosis factor,chemotactic cytokines,matrix metalloproteinases,etc.These These cytokines promote or inhibit the inflammatory response and plaque formation during AS process through different targets and mechanisms.A comprehensive understanding of the cytokines in the occurrence and development of AS is conducive to search for new therapeutic targets and drugs.

Experimental study on the improvement of insomnia model mice's symptoms by Sanwei Anmian Decoction and its disassembled prescription

Background:Insomnia is a sleep disorder,which seriously affects people's physical and mental health.Our experimental study will further explain the efficacy and mechanism of the traditional Chinese medicine prescription Sanwei Anmian Decoction as well as the single drug treatment for insomnia,and provide scientific basis for TCM decoction to cure more insomnia patients.Methods:42 mices,half male and half female,were randomly divided into 7 groups,6 in each group,Blank group,Model group,Positive group,Sanwei Anmian Decoction group(abbreviated as Sanwei group),Suanzaoren group,Maidong group,Yuanzhi group.Intraperitoneal injection(ip)of PCPA 350 mg·kg^-1 in other groups except Blank group to establish a mice model of insomnia.On the next day after the successful modeling,10ml·kg^-1 corresponding decoction was given to Sanwei group,Suanzaoren group,Yuanzhi group and Maidong group respectively,0.8mg·kg^-1 estazolam for Positive group,Blank group and the Model group with the same amount of normal saline,three times a day for two days.The body weight and the number of autonomous activities of mice were observed.The sleep rate,sleep latency and sleep time were recorded after the last administration,and the contents of serum 5-hydroxytryptamine(5-HT)and dopamine(DA)were detected.Results:The changes of hair yellowing,alarm,food loss and weight loss in mice showed that the model was successful.After the last administration,compared with the Model group and the Blank group,the weight of mice in Sanwei Anmian Decoction and each disassembled prescription group increased,the autonomous activity decreased,the number of mice fell asleep increased,the concentration of 5-HT in serum increased and the concentration of DA decreased,P<0.01,which was statistically significant.Conclusions:Sanwei Anmian Decoction can effectively improve the symptoms of PCPA insomnia mice model.For single drug,Suanzaoren Decoction has the most obvious effect on the treatment of insomnia.

Isoliquiritigenin regulated ox-LDL through activating the PPAR-γ signaling pathway to stabilize atherosclerosis plaques

Objective:To explore the molecular mechanisms of isoliquiritigenin in stabilizing atherosclerotic plaques by activating PPAR-γsignal pathway to regulate ox-LDL metabolism.Methods:The ApoE-/-mice AS carotid plaque model was prepared by using high fat diet and right perivascular carotid collar placement(PCCP).ApoE-/-mice were randomly divided into the model group and the isoliquiritigenin group after PCCP.C57BL/6J mice were used for the control group.High fat diet continued feeding for 8 weeks after PCCP to establish the AS model.Automatic biochemical analyzer was used to test levels of total cholesterol(TC),triacylglyceride(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C).ELISA was used to measure oxidized low-density lipoprotein(ox-LDL)in serum.Hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining was used to observe the pathological pattern of the carotid artery,and then calculated the carotid parameters.Oil red O staining was used for lipid determination,Masson staining was used to determine collagen content,MOMA-2 andα-SMA immunohistochemical staining were used to determine macrophages and smooth muscle cells,and to calculate the vulnerability index.Western blot was used to detected the expression of PPAR-γ,LXR-α,FABP-4,MMP-2 and MMP-9 in mice arteries.Results:Compared with the normal group,TC、TG、LDL-C、HDL-C and ox-LDL were increased in the model group.Compared with the model group,TC、TG、LDL-C and ox-LDL were reduced,and there was no significant change in HDL-C of the isoliquiritigenin group.Compared with the normal group,intima thickness(IT),intima/media thickness(IT/MT),plaque area(PA),and plaque area/lumen area(PA/LA)of carotid arteries were increased,the content of lipid and MOMA-2 in plaques was increased,collagen andα-SMA content decreased,and the vulnerability index was higher in the model group.The expression of PPAR-γand LXR-αwere reduced and the expression of FABP-4,MMP-2 and MMP-9 were increased in the model group.Compared with the model group,carotid IT,IT/MT,PA,and PA/LA were reduced,the content of lipid and MOMA-2 in plaques was decreased,collagen andα-SMA content were increased,and the vulnerability index was decreased in the isoliquiritigenin group.PPAR-γand LXR-αexpression were increased,FABP-4,MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression were decreased significantly in the isoliquiritigenin group.Conclusion:Isoliquiritigenin can exert anti-AS effects by activating PPAR-γ,up-regulating LXR-α,reducing FABP-4 expression,reducing ox-LDL,reducing the protein expression of MMP-2 and MMP-9,decreasing plaque vulnerability index,and increasing plaque stability.

Association of anti-phospholipase A2 receptor antibody with the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (Shenqi particle) for patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy: a prospective, cohort clinical study

To the Editor:Membranous nephropathy(MN)is an autoimmune disease and accounts for the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults.In China,the incidence of MN is estimated at approximately 12/million per year,with a mean age between 50 and 60 years and a 2:1 male predominance.MN(29.1%)was the most common pathological disease in a 10-year renal biopsy analysis.[1]In 2019,the Kidney Diseases:Improving Global Outcomes(KDIGO)guidelines recognized anti-phospholipase A2 receptor(anti-PLA2R)autoantibodies as a valuable molecular risk factor for the pejorative evolution of kidney function and recommended monitoring them for the diagnosis and assessment of MN immune activity.Assessing circulating anti-PLA2R autoantibodies may help in monitoring disease activity and guiding personalized therapy in patients with primary MN.

Jianpi Qingchang decoction alleviates ulcerative colitis by inhibiting nuclear factor-κB activation

AIM To inve s t igat e t he t he r ape ut ic e f f e c t of Jianpi Qingchang decoction(JPQCD) on dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis(UC) in mice.METHODS C57BL/c mice were injected intragastrically with 5% DSS instead of drinking water for 7 d, and their body weight, diarrhea severity and fecal bleeding were monitored, while the mice in the control group were treated with standard drinking water, without DSS. After 7 d, the DSS drinking water was changed to normal water and the DSS group continued with DSS water. The control and DSS groups were given normal saline by intragastric injection. The 5-aminosalicylic acid(5-ASA) group was treated orally with 5-ASA at a dose of 100 mg/kg daily. The JPQCD group was treated orally with JPQCD at a dose of 17.1 g/kg daily. On day 14, the colon length was measured, the colorectalhistopathological damage score was assessed, and protein levels of interleukin(IL)-1β, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α) in colon supernatants were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. m RNA expression of IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB) was detected by realtime quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression of NF-κB and inhibitor of kappa B. RESULTS Acute inflammation occurred in the mice administered DSS, including the symptoms of losing body weight, loose feces/watery diarrhea and presence of fecal blood; all these symptoms worsened at 7 d. The colons of mice treated with DSS were assessed by histological examination, and the results confirmed that acute inflammation had occurred, as evidenced by loss of colonic mucosa and chronic inflammatory cell infiltration, and these features extended into the deeper layer of the colon walls. The expression levels of IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α in the DSS group were higher than those in the control group(P < 0.05), and the expression levels of IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α in the JPQCD and 5-ASA groups were lower than those in the DSS group after treating with JPQCD and 5-ASA. Comparing with the DSS group, the mR NA level of IL-1β, IL-8, TNF-α and NF-κB was significantly reduced by 5-ASA and JPQCD. The difference between JPQCD and 5-ASA groups was not statistically significant(P > 0.05). Comparing with the DSS group, due to using JPQCD and 5-ASA, significant suppression of activation in DSSinduced NF-κB and increased phosphorylation of IκB in mice with experimental colitis occurred(P < 0.05). The difference between the JPQCD group and the 5-ASA group was not statistically significant(P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway is inhibited by JPQCD, which shows the potential mechanism by which JPQCD treats UC.

Optimization of high pressure machine decocting process for Dachengqi Tang using HPLC fingerprints combined with the Box–Behnken experimental design

Using Dachengqi Tang(DCQT) as a model, high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)fingerprints were applied to optimize machine extracting process with the Box–Behnken experimental design. HPLC fingerprints were carried out to investigate the chemical ingredients of DCQT; synthetic weighing method based on analytic hierarchy process(AHP) and criteria importance through intercriteria correlation(CRITIC) was performed to calculate synthetic scores of fingerprints; using the mark ingredients contents and synthetic scores as indicators, the Box–Behnken design was carried out to optimize the process parameters of machine decocting process under high pressure for DCQT. Results of optimal process showed that the herb materials were soaked for 45 min and extracted with 9 folds volume of water in the decocting machine under the temperature of 140 1C till the pressure arrived at 0.25 MPa;then hot decoction was excreted to soak Dahuang and Mangxiao for 5 min. Finally, obtained solutions were mixed, filtrated and packed. It concluded that HPLC fingerprints combined with the Box–Behnken experimental design could be used to optimize extracting process of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM).

Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Experience of the Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional bowel disorder that includes abdominal pain or discomfort associated with defecation or a change in bowel habits with features of disordered defecation.This disease lacks morphological changes and biochemical abnormalities to explain the symptoms.

Clinical Observation on Treatment of NonParvicellular Carcinoma of the Lung with Jin Fu Kang Oral Liquid

Jin Fu 坑口头的液体([标志：看见文本]) 用为补充 qi 和有营养的 yin 的繁体中文药做的，与 qi 和 yin 的缺乏在肺癌根据普通症状被开发。在 Jin Fu 坑组的 96 个盒子， 1 个盒子变得完全宽恕(CR ) 术后疗法， 8 个盒子部分宽恕(PR ) ， 52 个盒子不变化(NC ) ，盖住 63.5% 的 PR + NC。在 Jin Fu 坑正化疗的组的 52 个盒子， 11 个盒子得到了 PR 术后疗法， 26 盒子 NC，盖住 71.2% 的 PR + NC。在化疗组的 25 个盒子， 4 个盒子得到了 PR 术后疗法， 11 盒子 NC，盖住 60.0% 的 PR + NC。在 Jin Fu 坑的治疗学的有效性组织的结果表演和 Jin Fu 坑正化疗的组在化疗组比那好。在 Jin Fu 坑组的一个年幸存率和二年的幸存率术后疗法分别地是 67.3% 和 67.3% ；66.7% 和 66.7% 在 Jin Fu 坑正化疗的组；并且 40.3% 和 0.0% 在化疗组织。临床的症状的改进，体重的增加和健康状况(KPS 标记) 的改进 Jin Fu 坑组织的在两个的术后疗法和 Jin Fu 坑正化疗的组在化疗组比那好。免疫学和血克术后疗法的一些指示物极大地在 Jin Fu 坑组，被改进在化疗组，而是在 Jin Fu 坑正化疗的组的没有明显的改进更坏。

Experience of Dr. Zhu Peiting in Treating Cholelithiasis from the Aspect of the Liver

Dr. Zhu Peiting of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine has devoted himself to the study of disease in biliary tract for more than 40 years. He thinks cholelithiasis should be treated as a disease with its origin in the liver, and his treatment has always resulted in good curative effects. The authors have the honor to follow him in his clinical practice and would like to introduce his experience in the treatment of cholelithiases as follows.