Cognitive Interpretation of the Polysemy of Head in Terms of Metaphor

Polysemy,one of the most important and pervasive semantic phenomenon across languages,is the word having many meanings by means of human cognition from a central meaning or basic meaning to the other extended meanings. Metaphor is a cognitive process and it is a mapping across different domains in nature rather than a simple linguistic phenomenon. The transference of different domains produces different contexts in which the phenomenon of polysemy appears. Therefore,this paper aims at interpreting the polysemy of head in terms of metaphor,finding out the relations between the various meanings of its polysemant and thus analyzing the cognitive motivation of polysemy. That will let people not only have a further understanding of polysemy,but also contribute to English vocabulary teaching.

Analysis of Memetics in Pragmatic Translation

On the basis of Darwin's Theory of Evolution,memetics is a new interpretation of the law of cultural evolution and language development.As a new theoretical perspective,memetics can be applied to the research of pragmatic translation.From the memetic perspective,language translation is a process of memetic reproduction and transmission.It's important to abide by the propagation law and to follow proper memetic strategies,including domesticating strategy as well as foreignizing strategy so as to translate the proper pragmatic translation and to maximize the effect of transmitting information and communication.

A Cognitive Interpretation of Synaesthesia

Synaesthesia is a sensual feeling moved from one sense to another,it is a kind of rhetorical means as well as a cognitive device.According to Conceptual Blending Theory,synaesthesia is a set of mappings between different sensory organs,whose meaning construction process is a dynamic conceptual blending process,in which two or more sensory organs constitute different input mental spaces.In the blending process,different input spaces map between each other,and elements in inputs are selectively projected onto the blended space,which has its own emergent structure.Then,through composition,completion and elaboration,the blended space develops its own emergent content which is different from that of the inputs,thus producing new meaning.The in-depth study of the dynamic meaning construction process of synaesthesia based on the conceptual blending theory gives a strong explanatory force to synaesthesia and helps people to make better use of synaesthesia to express their thoughts and feelings.

Cholesterol Potentiates β-Amyloid Genesis in Cultured Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells

Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy (CAA) occurs commonly among the elderly and almost invariably in patients with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). The β-amyloid peptides (Aβ) are produced via the amy-loidogenic processing of β-Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) by β-secretase-1 (BACE1) and γ- secretase. Vascular endothelial cells are lately shown to possess the molecular machinery of Aβ production, which might participate in the development of CAA. Hypercholesterolemia is considered a risk factor for AD, whereas less is known if cholesterol may modulate endothelial Aβ production. In the present study we verified the amyloidogenic capability of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) in vitro and explored the effect of cholesterol exposure on their amy-loidogenic potential. Cholesterol treatments at 12.5 and 25 mg/dL significantly elevated APP, BACE1 and APP β-CTF protein levels and β-site APP cleavage activity in cell lysates, and Aβ40 levels in culture medium. However, coincubation with cholesterol at 50 and 100 mg/dL attenuated the viability of the cultured cells and diminished their amyloidogenic capability. These findings suggest that high cholesterol exposure is stressful to vascular endothelial cells, and at a certain dosage range can promote an amyloidogenic response in these cells.

Cultural Dimensional Transformation Techniques of Hypotaxis and Parataxis in Tourist Publicity C-E Translation

In order to make foreign tourists familiar with China's scenic spots, it is necessary that tourist publicity materials are properly translated. Cultural dimension, as one of the three key dimensions of eco-translatology, plays a very important role in translating. With its basis on cultural dimension of eco- translatology, this paper aims to present transformation techniques of parataxis and hypotaxis between Chinese and English. It is suggested that, with the cultural dimensional transformation techniques of parataxis and hypotaxis, translators should exert their subjectivity and creativity to achieve in maximizing the degree of holistic adaptation and selection for achieving successful translations.

On the Transformation Techniques of Hypotaxis and Parataxis in Tourist Publicity C-E Translation from the Perspective of Linguistic Dimension

This paper, with its basis on linguistic dimension of eco- translatology, aims to present transformation techniques of parataxis and hypotaxis in translating tourist publicity between Chinese and English. It is hoped that translators can exert their subjectivity and creativity to achieve the linguistic dimensional transformations of parataxis and hypotaxis to maximize the degree of holistic adaptation and selection for achieving successful translations.

A Lesson Design on "Compliments & Responses"——From the Perspective of Blended Learning

At the era of information and technology,the advancement of education is closely related to the internet.Flipped classes,micro-lectures,e-learning and blended learning are widely used in English teaching.This paper is based on the theory of blended learning,and designs a lesson on"Compliments&Responses".According to the background information of the students and course,pre-class tasks,while-class learning,and post-class assignments are designed and introduced in details.

A high-fidelity human cervical muscle finite element model for motion and injury studies

Active muscle response is a key factor in the motion and injury of the human head and neck.Due to the limitations of experimentation and the shortcomings of previous finite element models,the influence of material parameters of cervical muscle on motions of the head and neck during a car crash have not been comprehensively investigated.In the present work,a model of the cervical muscle in a 50th-percentile adult male was constructed.The muscles were modelled using solid finite elements,with a nonlinear-elastic and viscoelastic material and a Hill material modelling the passive and active parts of each muscle,respectively.The head dynamic responses of the model were validated using results obtained from volunteer sled tests.The influence of the material parameters of a muscle on head and neck motions were determined.Our key finding was that the greater the stiffness and the contraction strength of the neck muscles,the smaller the rotation angle of the head and the neck,and,hence,the lower the risk of head and neck injury to occupants in a car crash.