BACKGROUND: The liver plays a key role in the metabolism of plasma apolipoproteins, endogenous lipids and lipoproteins. Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common fatal malignant tumors in China and in other S...BACKGROUND: The liver plays a key role in the metabolism of plasma apolipoproteins, endogenous lipids and lipoproteins. Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common fatal malignant tumors in China and in other Southeast Asian countries. It has been demonstrated that plasma lipid profiles are changed in liver cancer. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE database search was performed to identify relevant articles using the keywords 'hepatocellular carcinoma' and 'lipoprotein(a)'. The search was conducted and research articles were reviewed from 1960 to 2008. RESULTS: Production and homeostasis of lipids, apolipoproteins and lipoproteins depend on the integrity of hepatocellular functions, which ensures normal lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in vivo. When hepatocellular injury or liver cancer occurs these processes can be impaired. It has been suggested that plasma levels of apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)) and/or lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) may be considered as sensitive markers of hepatic impairment. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma levels of apo(a) and Lp(a) display significant correlations with hepatic status. Most studies demonstrated that the plasma levels of apo(a) and Lp(a) can be considered as an additional clinical index of liver function.展开更多
Isolated attosecond pulse(IAP)generation usually involves the use of short-medium gas cells operated at high pressures.In contrast,long-medium schemes at low pressures are commonly perceived as inherently unsuitable f...Isolated attosecond pulse(IAP)generation usually involves the use of short-medium gas cells operated at high pressures.In contrast,long-medium schemes at low pressures are commonly perceived as inherently unsuitable for IAP generation due to the nonlinear phenomena that challenge favourable phase-matching conditions.Here we provide clear experimental evidence on the generation of isolated extreme-ultraviolet attosecond pulses in a semiinfinite gas cell,demonstrating the use of extended-medium geometries for effective production of IAPs.To gain a deeper understanding we develop a simulation method for high-order harmonic generation(HHG),which combines nonlinear propagation with macroscopic HHG solving the 3D time-dependent Schrödinger equation at the singleatom level.Our simulations reveal that the nonlinear spatio-temporal reshaping of the drivingfield,observed in the experiment as a bright plasma channel,acts as a self-regulating mechanism boosting the phase-matching conditions for the generation of IAPs.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND: The liver plays a key role in the metabolism of plasma apolipoproteins, endogenous lipids and lipoproteins. Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the most common fatal malignant tumors in China and in other Southeast Asian countries. It has been demonstrated that plasma lipid profiles are changed in liver cancer. DATA SOURCES: A MEDLINE database search was performed to identify relevant articles using the keywords 'hepatocellular carcinoma' and 'lipoprotein(a)'. The search was conducted and research articles were reviewed from 1960 to 2008. RESULTS: Production and homeostasis of lipids, apolipoproteins and lipoproteins depend on the integrity of hepatocellular functions, which ensures normal lipid and lipoprotein metabolism in vivo. When hepatocellular injury or liver cancer occurs these processes can be impaired. It has been suggested that plasma levels of apolipoprotein(a) (apo(a)) and/or lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a)) may be considered as sensitive markers of hepatic impairment. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma levels of apo(a) and Lp(a) display significant correlations with hepatic status. Most studies demonstrated that the plasma levels of apo(a) and Lp(a) can be considered as an additional clinical index of liver function.
基金funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme(grant agreement No 871161,IMPULSE)and European Research Council(ERC):ERC Synergy grant agreement no.
文摘Isolated attosecond pulse(IAP)generation usually involves the use of short-medium gas cells operated at high pressures.In contrast,long-medium schemes at low pressures are commonly perceived as inherently unsuitable for IAP generation due to the nonlinear phenomena that challenge favourable phase-matching conditions.Here we provide clear experimental evidence on the generation of isolated extreme-ultraviolet attosecond pulses in a semiinfinite gas cell,demonstrating the use of extended-medium geometries for effective production of IAPs.To gain a deeper understanding we develop a simulation method for high-order harmonic generation(HHG),which combines nonlinear propagation with macroscopic HHG solving the 3D time-dependent Schrödinger equation at the singleatom level.Our simulations reveal that the nonlinear spatio-temporal reshaping of the drivingfield,observed in the experiment as a bright plasma channel,acts as a self-regulating mechanism boosting the phase-matching conditions for the generation of IAPs.
