DIABETIC INTERSTITIAL GLUCOSE IN THE SKIN TISSUE BY ATR-FTIR SPECTROSCOPY VERSUS CAPILLARY BLOOD GLUCOSE

Recently introduced horizontal attenuated total reflectance(HATR)Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy for real-time assessment and continuous monitoring of glucose biomolecules in the skin tissue directly on the patients might appear a promising alternative to interpret the activity of interstitial glucose metabolism in vivo by means of evaluating the dynamics of changes of glucose concentrations in interstitial fluid(IF).In the present study,in vivo spectra by ATR-FTIR spectroscopy were obtained post-prandially during a 120–180-minute continuous monitoring in three patients with type 2 diabetes and compared to pre-prandial spectra.In all patients with diabetes interstitial glucose levels at 1030 and 1041cm^(−1) reflected the best relationship with blood glucose.The lag time(LT)required for glucose to diffuse from the capillary to epidermal skin tissue was calculated between 0 and 60 minutes at all measured glucose biomolecules.Data showed intra-and inter-subject variations of each glucose biomolecule,pointing to similarities and differences among interstitial glucose metabolism of the patients.Finally,the findings suggest that HATR-FTIR spectroscopy might have the potential for clinical interpretation of activity of glucose metabolism for diagnosis,management,and treatment of patients with diabetes.

POTENTIAL OF IN VIVO LATENT-TIME ESTIMATION BY LASER AND OPTICAL TECHNIQUES IN CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY

The lag(latency)time(LT)is known in dermatology clinic as an asymptomatic period till the development of skin eruptions.In the laboratory,the LT might determine the interval from"zero"point until the peak(s)of changes in measured laboratory parameter during the performed test.This paper discusses methodological and technical aspects of precise measurement of the LT in the living healthy and pathological skin by laser and optical technologies through clinical and experimental applications in dermatology.Based on a dynamics approach to measure,calculate and interpret the LT in blood and in interstitialfluid compartments of the skin tissue,this method has a potential to promote deeper understanding of the role of complex dynamic processes in the skin at a level of a molecule,and/or an organ in a whole organism.The method of the LT measurement in vivo also promotes new understanding of(patho)physiological,diagnostic and pharmacological aspects of certain dynamic skin lesions and dynamic complex processes that happen in the skin.Utilized laser and optical techniques showed high reliability and objectivity in collecting data from rapidly changed skin lesions and processes,demonstrating the LT measurement as a very easy-to-use calculation procedure with high informativity,which is extremely important for the clinical and laboratory environment.