Role of aerobic glycolysis in alzheimer's disease and research progress of traditional Chinese medicine

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease with a variety of pathogenic factors and complex pathogenesis, so that the disease has a high prevalence and mortality in the world. Although the current diagnosis and treatment equipment and drug research and development keep pace with the times, the current medical technology still can not completely cure the disease, so it is of great significance to explore the pathogenesis and treatment target of AD. The disorder of energy metabolism is one of the characteristic changes in the pathological process of AD. Aerobic glycolysis (AEG) is a special metabolic pathway in the brain, which can rapidly consume glucose to produce energy and substrate for neurons, improve synaptic plasticity, neuroinflammation and oxidative damage, and contribute to the recovery of memory and cognitive function. In recent years, many literatures have reported the mechanism of AEG in AD and the intervention of Tradit Chin Med on this mechanism. The purpose of this paper is to summarize the role of AEG in AD and the related research on the regulation and control of AEG in the treatment of AD by Tradit Chin Med, in order to provide reference and ideas for the prevention and treatment of AD with Tradit Chin Med in the future.

Survey on Blood Transfusion Practices among Medical and Paramedical Staff in the Pediatric Unit of the Mohammed VI University Hospital in Marrakesh, Morocco

Blood transfusion is a complex activity, involving many actors. As a high-risk activity, it necessitates the implementation of specific methods for effective control. The safety of blood transfusion is significantly influenced by the beliefs of healthcare workers and organizational factors, constituting two major considerations. We conducted a cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical survey to examine the knowledge and practices related to transfusion among the medical and paramedical staff at the Pediatric Department (Mother-Child) of CHU Mohammed VI from September 1, 2022, to December 31, 2022. Among the 135 staff members interviewed, only 41% had received training in blood transfusion. A majority (65.2%) of the staff noted that a mismatch in cross-matching led to transfusion complications. Two-thirds (66.7%) identified chills as the primary clinical sign of potential accidents. Regarding elements to monitor during a reaction, hemolysis (78.5%) and temperature (76.3%) were most commonly mentioned. Surprisingly, more than half (53.3%) of the personnel interviewed did not conduct post-transfusion monitoring. This survey highlighted significant deficiencies in knowledge and practices related to transfusion. To address these issues, we recommend implementing guidelines and providing tailored training for the staff, aiming to rectify these deficiencies and enhance overall practices.

Natural course of chronic hepatitis B is characterized by changing patterns of programmed death type-1 of CD8-positive T cells

AIM:To investigate if and how programmed death type-1(PD-1)expression affects the natural course of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection. METHODS:Sixty-four patients in different natural stages of chronic HBV infection were enrolled in this study.PD-1 expression in total T cells was detected by flow cytometry.Levels of total CD8+T cell responses and proliferation in relation to PD-1 expression levels were analyzed with intracellular staining and PD-1/ PD-L1 blockage. RESULTS:The PD-1 expression in T cells was dynamically changed during the natural course of chronic HBV infection,did not significantly increase in the immune tolerance phase,and returned to normal in the inactive virus carrier stage.Blockage of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway could not affect the T-cell response in the immune tolerance and inactive virus carrier stages of chronic HBV infection.However,it could significantly restore the T-cell response in the immune clearance stage of chronic HBV infection.Furthermore,the PD-1 expression level in T cells was associated with the alanine aminotransferase level during the immune clearance stage of chronic HBV infection. CONCLUSION:The PD-l/PD-L1 pathway plays a different role in T-cell response during the natural course of chronic HBV infection.

Inflammatory mediators and microcirculatory disturbance in acute pancreatitis

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory mediators are not only initiation factors of acute pancreatitis (AP) but also key factors causing pancreatic hemorrhage and necrosis, which damage important organs such as the heart, brain, liver, kidney and lung. Microcirculatory disturbance in AP has attracted widespread attention. In order to provide a theoretical basis for clinical therapy of AP, it is very important to explore the effect of inflammatory mediators on microcirculatory disturbance in this disease. DATA SOURCES: In this review, the impact of inflammatory mediators on microcirculatory disturbance in AP was reviewed according to the literature, especially the articles indexed in PubMed and books published in China and reports from websites. RESULTS: At present, inflammatory mediation and microcirculatory disturbance are the two major hypotheses to explain the development of AP. Although experimental studies have shown that inflammatory mediators induce or aggravate microcirculatory disturbance, the clinical application of these findings is still difficult because the inflammatory mediators are diverse and their research is not comprehensive and thorough. CONCLUSION: It is very important to explore the influence of inflammatory mediators on microcirculatory disturbance in AP.

Downregulation of AQP2 and AQP2 mRNA expression in kidney medulla of rats with bile duct ligation

BACKGROUND: Obstructive jaundice is a common disease. Acute renal injury, secondary to obstructive jaundice, is one of the main causes of postoperative multiple system failure. This investigation evaluated renal function and renal aquaporin 2 (AQP2) expression changes in obstructive jaundice. METHODS: Forty male Wistar rats were equally randomized into two groups. Twenty in the obstructive jaundice group were subjected to common bile duct ligation, and then were subdivided into 7- and 14-day obstruction groups, and the other 20 sham-operated rats were also subdivided into 7- and 14-day groups. At the end of each experiment, rats were sacrificed, venous blood was collected from the inferior vena cava, and serum creatinine and urine nitrogen concentrations were measured. At the same time, the medulla of the right kidney was separated and AQP2 expression was assessed. The RT-PCR technique was used to detect AQP2 mRNA expression. RESULTS: Ligation of the common bile duct caused significant rises in serum bilirubin, creatinine clearance and urine nitrogen. AQP2 expression in the medulla decreased mere significantly (38.35 +/- 2.08) in the 7-day ligation group than in the sham-operated group (41.06 +/- 1.04), as did that in the 14-day ligation group, even more than (31.89 +/- 1.57). The expression of AQP2 mRNA also decreased more significantly in the 14-day group (0.5429 +/- 0.1107) than in the 7-day group (0.6071 +/- 0.1328). CONCLUSION: AQP2 expression is inhibited in obstructive jaundice, and so is its gene expression.

Bortezomib in treatment of extramedullary plasmacytoma of the pancreas

BACKGROUND: Extramedullary pancreatic plasmacytoma treated with bortezomib is rarely reported. METHODS: We admitted a 53-year-old woman with an asymptomatic mass above the left clavicle for over three months, then an asymptomatic swelling of the pancreas was found. A biopsy on the mass and a fine needle aspiration of the pancreas were performed. The diagnosis of extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) was made. The patient was initially treated with combination chemotherapy consisting of vincristine, doxorubicin and dexamethasone (VAD regimen). She progressed to painless jaundice during the chemotherapy. Then she was treated with bortezomib and hyper-dose dexamethasone. As a result, she had a near complete remission. RESULTS: The data demonstrated that the diagnosis was EMP of the pancreas. The patient responded very well to bortezomib, while failing to respond to the traditional chemotherapy regimen of VAD. CONCLUSION: EMP of the pancreas is rare. This case gives evidence for an excellent response of EMP of the pancreas to bortezomib. (Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2009; 8: 329-331)

Bio-characteristic profiling related to clinic:A new technology platform for quality evaluation of Chinese materia medica

Quality evaluation is a bottleneck restricting the modernization and internationalization of Chinese materia medica (CMM). Due to characteristics of multi-component, multi-efficacy, multi-target, the existing quality evaluation system still cannot fully meet quality control needs of CMM. Hence, the author put forward “Bio-characteristic profiling related to clinic, BPRC” academic concept, meanwhile, fully take the advantage of analysis method with clinical monitoring superiority or profiling characteristics, build up “BPRC” new technology platform, in order to realize “real-time, dynamic and full-range monitoring” new technologies of CMM quality evaluation system and promote the further development of CMM industry.

In vitro study on the antiviral activity of 9 extracts of traditional Chinese herbal medicine against the human respiratory syncytial virus

Objective:To study the in vitro virucidal activity of 9 extracts of traditional Chinese herbal medicine(the water extracts of Evodia lepta,Clausena lansium,Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum,Callicarpa nudiflora,Nauclea officinalis and Elaeagnus gonyanthes,the alcohol extracts of Nauclea officinalis,Elaeagnus gonyanthes and Zanthoxylumarmatum)on human respiratory syncytial virus(HRSV).Methods:The cytotoxic effect of the extracts on cells was evaluated by a cell viability assay using the CCK-8 method,a concentration of the extracts with cell viability greater than 50%was selected for the follow-up anti-HRSV effect assay,the 50%effective concentration(EC50)was assessed by an in vitro cell infection model.Results:The EC50s of the water extract from Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum,Callicarpa nudiflora and Elaeagnus gonyanthes were 0.05 mg/mL,0.03 mg/mL and 0.05 mg/mL,and the therapeutic index(TI)of them were 18.60,21.67 and 56.80 respectively.Conclusion:The water extracts of Clerodendrum cyrtophyllum,Callicarpa nudiflora and Elaeagnus gonyanthes possess the activity of anti-HRSV virus.

Medical management of pituitary adenomas:a study of ultrastructural changes and receptor expressions

Objective The aim of this study is to analyze the ultrastructural changes and dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) expression levels of pituitary adenomas to clarify the mechanism of medical management. Methods 9 patients with prolactinomas and 4 with nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas(NFPAs) were treated with bromocriptine preoperatively. Ultrastructure changes of tumor cells were observed through electron microscopy.

Effect and mechanism of adrenomedullin on apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cell in rats induced by renal ischemia reperfusion injury

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of adrenomedullin ( AM ) on apoptosis of renal tubular epithelial cell in rats induced by renal ischemia reperfusion injury. Methods Thirty-two Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group,IRI group, empty plasmid group and AM group. One week after re-

Application of donor dendric cell mediated recipieut lymphocyte reaction after related kidney transplantation in individualized immunosuppressive therapy

Objective To explore the feasibility of mediating recipient lymphocyte reaction with donor dendritic cells ( Dcs) in renal allograft recipients to guide individualized immunosuppressive therapy. Methods From Jan. 2008 to Jan. 2010,30 recipients received living related kidney transplantation were successively and divided into

Prognostic analysis of intramedullary ependymomas in medulla oblongata and cervical cord

Objective To analyze factors affecting operative prognosis of intramedullary ependymomas in medulla oblongata and cervical cord. Methods Thirty patients harboring intramedullary ependymomas in medulla oblongata and cervical cord were operated. The preoperative and postoperative status was taken by follow-up and

Repairing small wounds around ankle by medial planta island flaps pedicled with anterior tibial artery perforator in front of inner malleolus

Objective To discuss the application of medial planta island flaps pedicled with anterior tibial artery perforator in front of inner malleolus for repairing small wounds around ankle Methods From Jan. 2005 to Jun. 2009,10 cases with small wounds around ankle

Different psycholigical impact of immediate breast reconstruction and delayed breast reconstruction

To investigate the optimal time to perform breast reconstruction after mastectomy for breast cancer.Methods From May,2001 to March,2004,52 patients were performed immediate or delayed breast reconstruction after mastectomy.They were given questionnaires to assess for satisfaction,sexuality,anxiety depression,body image and self-esteem.Results 97% of the IR group patients were very or moderately satisfied while only 75% of the DR group were so (P=0.026).Only 6% of the IR group compared with 30% of the DR group felt an obvious impairment of their sexual attractiveness (P=0.043).Anxiety (P=0.014) and depression (P=0.006) were less in the IR group than the DR group.Body image (P=0.012) and self-esteem (P=0.003) were superior in the IR group.Conclusion If tumor characters and patient health permit,immediate breast reconstruction should be performed after mastectomy for breast cancer.11 refs,5 tabs.

Disease modifying treatment of spinal cord injury with directly reprogrammed neural precursor cells in non-human primates

BACKGROUND The development of regenerative therapy for human spinal cord injury(SCI)is dramatically restricted by two main challenges:the need for a safe source of functionally active and reproducible neural stem cells and the need of adequate animal models for preclinical testing.Direct reprogramming of somatic cells into neuronal and glial precursors might be a promising solution to the first challenge.The use of non-human primates for preclinical studies exploring new treatment paradigms in SCI results in data with more translational relevance to human SCI.AIM To investigate the safety and efficacy of intraspinal transplantation of directly reprogrammed neural precursor cells(drNPCs).METHODS Seven non-human primates with verified complete thoracic SCI were divided into two groups:drNPC group(n=4)was subjected to intraspinal transplantation of 5 million drNPCs rostral and caudal to the lesion site 2 wk post injury,and lesion control(n=3)was injected identically with the equivalent volume of vehicle.RESULTS Follow-up for 12 wk revealed that animals in the drNPC group demonstrated a significant recovery of the paralyzed hindlimb as well as recovery of somatosensory evoked potential and motor evoked potential of injured pathways.Magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging data confirmed the intraspinal transplantation of drNPCs did not adversely affect the morphology of the central nervous system or cerebrospinal fluid circulation.Subsequent immunohistochemical analysis showed that drNPCs maintained SOX2 expression characteristic of multipotency in the transplanted spinal cord for at least 12 wk,migrating to areas of axon growth cones.CONCLUSION Our data demonstrated that drNPC transplantation was safe and contributed to improvement of spinal cord function after acute SCI,based on neurological status assessment and neurophysiological recovery within 12 wk after transplantation.The functional improvement described was not associated with neuronal differentiation of the allogeneic drNPCs.Instead,directed drNPCs migration to the areas of active growth cone formation may provide exosome and paracrine trophic support,thereby further supporting the regeneration processes.

Oncolytic adenovirus-mediated MDA-7/IL-24 overexpression enhances antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines

BACKGROUND: Melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7 (MDA-7)/interleukin-24 (IL-24) is a novel tumor suppressor gene, which has suppressor activity in a broad spectrum of human cancer cells. We investigated the effect of the replication-competent oncolytic adenovirus SG600-IL24 and replication-incompetent adenovirus Ad.IL-24, both expressing human MDA-7/IL-24 on the hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines HepG2, Hep3B, SMMC-7721, HCCLM3, and the normal liver cell line L02. METHODS: Hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines and the normal liver cell line were infected with SG600-IL24 and Ad.IL-24. The mRNA and protein expression of MDA-7/IL-24 in infected cells was confirmed by RT-PCR, ELISA, and Western blotting. MTT assay was used to investigate the proliferation effect. Hoechst staining and Annexin-V and PI staining were performed to study the MDA-7/IL-24 gene expressed in HCC cell lines and the normal liver cell line. Flow cytometry was used to analyse the cell cycle. RESULTS: RT-PCR, ELISA and Western blotting confirmed that the exogenous MDA-7/IL-24 gene was highly expressed in cells infected with SG600-IL24. MTT and apoptosis detection indicated that SG600-IL24 induced growth suppression, promoted apoptosis, and blocked cancer cell lines in the G2/M phase in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines but not in the normal liver cell line. CONCLUSIONS: SG600-IL24 selectively induces growth suppression and apoptosis in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines in vitro but not in the normal liver cell line L02. Compared with Ad.IL-24, SG600-IL24 dramatically enhances antitumor activity in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. (Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2010; 9:615-621)

Porcine hepatocyte isolation and reversible immortalization mediated by retroviral transfer and site-specific recombination

AIM: To develop a hepatocyte cell line, we immortalized primary porcine hepatocytes with a retroviral vector SSR#69 containing the Simian Virus 40 T antigen (SV40T ag). METHODS: We first established a method of porcine hepatocyte isolation with a modified four-step retrograde perfusion technique. Then the porcine hepatocytes were immortalized with retroviral vector SSR#69 expressing SV40T and hygromycin-resistance genes flanked by paired loxP recombination targets. SV40T cDNA in the expanded cells was subsequently excised by Cre/LoxP site-specific recombination. RESULTS: The resultant hepatocytes with high viability (97%) were successfully immortalized with retroviral vector SSR#69. One of the immortalized clones showed the typical morphological appearance, TJPH-1, and was selected by clone rings and expanded in culture. After excision of the SV40T gene with Cre-recombinase, cells stopped growing. The population of reverted cells exhibited the characteristics of differentiated hepatocytes. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, we herein describe a modified method of hepatocyte isolation and subsequently established a porcine hepatocyte cell line mediated by retroviral transfer and site-specific recombination.