稳态等离子体发动机磁场设计的发展及其展望

论述了稳态等离子体发动机对于我国空间发展战略的重要意义和作用,指出磁场设计是提高稳态等离子体发动机性能的关键技术之一;分析了稳态等离子体发动机通道内磁场设计的发展过程,在此基础上提出了用于稳态等离子发动机磁场设计的体系化构想,并且指出了其中存在的一些关键问题和拟采取的解决措施以及磁场体系化设计对稳态等离子体发动机带来的预期效益和影响;最后展望了稳态等离子体发动机磁场设计体系的进一步发展和应用。

青铜/铌复合材料的高压扭转变形过程（英文）

使用由青铜基体和铌丝组成的复合材料为模型对象,研究高压扭转(HPT)下材料体内的实际变形过程。铌丝的尺寸和其在青铜基体中的排列均具有规则的几何形状,这使我们能够监测和测量样品中铌丝由于高压扭转而导致的位移。将青铜/铌复合材料在室温、6 GPa压力下进行高压扭转,转数N=1/4、1/2、1、2、3和5。结果表明,当转数为1时,整个样品发生360°旋转,没有样品发生滑移。高塑性金属材料在HPT过程中也会发生类似的变形行为。当转数增加超过2时,试样体内的铌丝发生扭曲,形成'旋涡'状多层结构。文中讨论此结构的形成机理。

Nonlocal Theory of High-Temperature Superconductivity

The Boltzmann local physical kinetics forecasts the destruction of SC regime because of the heat movement of particles. Then, the most fundamental distinction between a strange metal and a conventional metal is the absence of well-defined quasi-particles. Here, we show that the mentioned “quasi-particles” are solitons, which are formed as a result of self-organization of ionized matter. Shortcomings of the Boltzmann physical kinetics consist in the local description of the transport processes on the level of infinitely small physical volumes as elements of diagnostics. The non-local physics leads to the theory superconductivity including the high temperature diapason. The generalized non-local non-stationary London’s formula is derived.

Nonlocal Physics in the Wave Function Terminology

Shortcomings of the Boltzmann physical kinetics and the Schrödinger wave mechanics are considered. From the position of nonlocal physics, the Schrödinger equation is a local equation;this fact leads to the great shortcomings of the linear Schrödinger wave mechanics. Nonlocal nonlinear quantum mechanics is considered using the wave function terminology.

Tropical cyclone, as powerful natural self-oscillatory systems, and wind-energetic a way of struggle against it—The analysis of a cyclone from a position of the theory of vibrations

It is considered three phases of development of a tropical cyclone: the origin, the steady-state regime and the termination, coinciding with three phases of self-oscillatory process: oscillation buid-up, dynamic balance and failure of self-oscillations. The rough size of energy of a cyclone, as column of air rotating with high speed, at initial and final stages of development and comparison of the received sizes with nuclear and hydrogen bombs is calculated. The model of the electronic oscillator with negative active conductivity by the numerical solution of the equation of the Van-der-Pol is analyzed. Formal coincidence of transient in this model with increase of capacity of vortical air formation, that allows to make mnemonic model of a cyclone in the form of volume self-oscillatory system is shown. The numerical solution of the made equations allows to construct schedules of dynamic process for each of particles of the investigated environment. The general recipe on restraint of development of a cyclone by compulsory entering into it of attenuation is given. Realization of this recipe by means of group of platforms with powerful wind-electrogenerator and the fans and uses of a principle of negative feedback is shown. The results of laboratory experiment confirming idea, taken as a principle struggle against an arising air whirlwind, by transformation of a laminar stream in chaotic, turbulent are resulted. For fuller check offered a wind-energetic method of struggle against a cyclone carrying out of more scale experiment is necessary.

Multidimensional Laplace Transforms over Quaternions, Octonions and Cayley-Dickson Algebras, Their Applications to PDE

Multidimensional noncommutative Laplace transforms over octonions are studied. Theorems about direct and inverse transforms and other properties of the Laplace transforms over the Cayley-Dickson algebras are proved. Applications to partial differential equations including that of elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic type are investigated. Moreover, partial differential equations of higher order with real and complex coefficients and with variable coefficients with or without boundary conditions are considered.

Geometrical Frameworks in Identification Problem

The purpose of this review is to apply geometric frameworks in identification problems. In contrast to the qualitative theory of dynamical systems (DSQT), the chaos and catastrophes, researches on the application of geometric frameworks have not been performed in identification problems. The direct transfer of DSQT ideas is inefficient through the peculiarities of identification systems. In this paper, the attempt is made based on the latest researches in this field. A methodology for the synthesis of geometric frameworks (GF) is proposed, which reflects features of nonlinear systems. Methods based on GF analysis are developed for the decision-making on properties and structure of nonlinear systems. The problem solution of structural identifiability is obtained for nonlinear systems under uncertainty.

Physical Kinetics, Relativism and Nonlocal Physics

The old classical problems of theoretical physics are revisited from the point of view of nonlocal physics. Nonlocal physics leads to very complicated mathematical apparatus. Here, we explain the main principles of nonlocal physics using transparent considerations and animations.

Low-Energy Driven Ring-Opening Behavior of Benzocyclobutene Derivatives

It's urgent to develop benzocyclobutene(BCB)-based polymers with low curing temperature for temperature-sensitive applications such as liquid crystal displays(LCDs)and flexible electronics.Herein,the effect of substituents on the ring-opening behavior of BCB derivatives was investigated.The ring-opening activation energy barriers(ΔGA)of BCB derivatives with one or two substituents on the four-membered alkyl ring were systematically calculated using the B3LYP function.Both mono-and di-substituted BCBs adopted the conrotatory ring-opening process,obeying the Woodward-Hoffmann's Rules upon heating.The mono-/di-substituted BCBs exhibited 8.2%—69%lowerΔGA compared with BCB,attributed to the electronic effects of the substituents.Disubstituted BCBs with both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups,e.g.,1-NH_(2)-8-NO_(2)-BCB,demonstrated the lowestΔGA.In addition,BCB derivatives with amide/ester/acyloxy group modified on C1 position were synthesized as model molecules,and their ring-opening temperature can be decreased by 20℃ compared to the unsubstituted one,also consistent with our calculation results.This work combined theoretical calculation methods with experimental results to provide valuable insights into the design and synthesis of BCB derivatives and next-generation BCB functional packaging materials with low ring-opening temperature.

Surface bioactivation of PEEK by neutral atom beam technology

Polyetheretherketone(PEEK)is an alternative to metallic implants and a material of choice in many applications,including orthopedic,spinal,trauma,and dental.While titanium(Ti)and Ti-alloys are widely used in many intraosseous implants due to its biocompatibility and ability to osseointegrate,negatives include stiffness which contributes to shear stress,radio-opacity,and Ti-sensitivity.Many surgeons prefer to use PEEK due to its biocompatibility,similar elasticity to bone,and radiolucency,however,due to its inert properties,it fails to fully integrate with bone.Accelerated Neutral Atom Beam(ANAB)technology has been successfully employed to demonstrate enhanced bioactivity of PEEK both in vitro and in vivo.In this study,we further characterize surfaces of PEEK modified by ANAB as well as elucidate attachment and genetic effects of dental pulp stem cells(DPSC)exposed to these surfaces.ANAB modification resulted in decreased contact angle at 72.9±4.5°as compared to 92.4±8.5°for control(p<0.01)and a decreased average surface roughness,however with a nano-textured surface profile.ANAB treatment also increased the ability of DPSC attachment and proliferation with considerable genetic differences showing earlier progression towards osteogenic differentiation.This surface modification is achieved without adding a coating or changing the chemical composition of the PEEK material.Taken together,we show that ANAB processing of PEEK surface enhances the bioactivity of implantable medical devices without an additive or a coating.

Domain formation on the nonpolar lithium niobate surfaces under electron-beam irradiation:A review

In this review,our recent results on the electron-beam domain writing(EBDW)on the nonpolar surfaces of LiNbO_(3) crystals of different compositions are presented.Under EB irradiation of the nonpolar surfaces,domains nucleated in irradiation points grow frontally along the polar Z-direction in a thin(of microns in thickness)surface layer;the driving force is the tangential component of space-charge fields induced by EB in irradiation points.This geometry of the experiment provides a possibility of three-dimensional(3D)characterization of domain patterns using the combination of atomic force microscopy(AFM)and second harmonic generation(SHG)confocal microscopy methods.The obtained results permitted us to relate the main characteristics of domain formation(the domain sizes and velocity Vf of the frontal motion)to the irradiation conditions(the accelerating voltage U of scanning electron microscopy(SEM),EB current I,the inserted charge Q).The domain depth Td is controlled by U via the electron penetration depth;the domain length Ld increases linearly with Q owing to the domain frontal growth by the viscous friction law.The electron emission coefficient
affects the domain formation due to the fundamental dependence of
on U.In the framework of current approach to EB charging of insulators,the effect of an enhanced conductance on EBDW characteristics is analyzed.The difference between EBDW characteristics observed in varied LiNbO_(3) compositions is discussed in the framework of the intrinsic defect structure of LiNbO_(3).The obtained results extend the possibility of EBDW application to a wider range of crystals.

Dielectric properties of bismuth-containing pyrochlores:A comparative analysis

The comparative analysis of the dielectric properties of bismuth-containing pyrochlores with different manifestation of atomic order/disorder was carried out.We examined the dielectric properties(including behavior in electric fields)of two pyrochlore compounds:BZN(presumably a composition close to Bi_(1.5)Zn_(0.5)Nb_(1.5)O_(6.5))ceramics with chemical disorder in both A and B cation sublattices and Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)single crystal with fully chemical ordered structure.The fundamental differences between the dielectric properties of the BZN ceramics and Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)single crystal were shown.In particular,in the dielectric relaxation behavior(which cannot be described via Arrhenius law in the Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7))or in the influence of the electric fields on the dielectric permittivity(split-ting of the field-cooled and zero-field-cooled behaviors was observed for Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)below estimated freezing temperature).The results of this study highlights the special role of Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)as a candidate material for studying aspects of geometric frustration related with pyrochlore structure in non-magnetic medium and specifies the future directions of research.