Decarbonization options of the iron and steelmaking industry based on a three-dimensional analysis

Decarbonization is a critical issue for peaking CO_(2) emissions of energy-intensive industries,such as the iron and steel industry.The decarbonization options of China’s ironmaking and steelmaking sector were discussed based on a systematic three-dimensional low-carbon analysis from the aspects of resource utilization(Y),energy utilization(Q),and energy cleanliness which is evaluated by a process general emission factor(PGEF)on all the related processes,including the current blast furnace(BF)-basic oxygen furnace(BOF)integrated process and the specific sub-processes,as well as the electric arc furnace(EAF)process,typical direct reduction(DR)process,and smelting reduction(SR)process.The study indicates that the three-dimensional aspects,particularly the energy structure,should be comprehensively considered to quantitatively evaluate the decarbonization road map based on novel technologies or processes.Promoting scrap utilization(improvement of Y)and the substitution of carbon-based energy(improvement of PGEF)in particular is critical.In terms of process scale,promoting the development of the scrap-based EAF or DR-EAF process is highly encouraged because of their lower PGEF.The three-dimensional method is expected to extend to other processes or industries,such as the cement production and thermal electricity generation industries.

体育赛事直播画面侵权案件法律适用的规范研究--基于新近案例的实证分析

新近体育赛事直播画面侵权案件的法律适用表明,司法实践中对具有相同案件事实的体育赛事直播画面侵权案件适用不同的法律规则,导致保护与否以及保护适用不同法律规则的不规范状态。其根本原因在于,司法实践对体育赛事直播画面在现行法律体系中应该归属于何种权益的客体产生了不同的认识。通过对现行相关法律的规范解释可以发现,体育赛事直播画面本身并不符合现行立法中相关绝对权客体的前提条件,但体育赛事直播画面及其制作者分别属于反不正当竞争法应该保护的法益与主体,应该适用《中华人民共和国反不正当竞争法》的一般条款予以保护,以规范涉体育赛事直播画面侵权案件的法律适用,实现法律适用的平等原则。

对解释论上“以刑制罪”现象的反思

为解决规则与正义相冲突的难办案件,学者提出由刑到罪的方案,包括抽象的、量刑优于定罪的或者实质解释或者刑事政策导向的"以刑制罪"方案。后一种以刑事政策为中介,把价值判断转化为解释技术,对构成要件进行实质解释。在这一模型中,刑事政策、处罚必要性及其程度与危害性评价均置于对构成要件的解释之前,会产生诸多弊端,其根本原因在于实质解释论的缺陷。把价值判断引入到刑法之中需要通过犯罪论体系的实质化而非实质解释,在思维逻辑上实质性的判断不能过于靠前。只有将刑事政策用以指引刑法体系的构建而不是进行实质解释,才能实现体系的可控性。

语用学研究的跨学科视野——《语用学诠释》述评

《语用学诠释》(Understanding Pragmatics)由路特雷奇出版社2014年出版,是语言学诠释系列丛书之一。该系列丛书还有:《语言测试诠释》(Understanding Language Testing);《形态学诠释》(Understanding Morphology,Second Edition);《语音学诠释》(Understanding Phonetics);《音系学诠释》(Understanding Phonology,Third Edition);《二语学习诠释》(Understanding Second Language Learning);《句法学诠释》(Understanding Syntax,Third Edition);《语义学诠释》(Understanding Semantics,Second E-

Commercial AM60 alloy for semisolid processing:Alloy optimization and thermodynamic analysis

Semisolid processing is now a commercially successful manufacturing route to produce net-shape parts in automotive industry. The conspicuous results of alloy optimization with thermodynamic simulations for semisolid processing of commercial AM60 alloy were present. The results indicate that the available processing temperature range of AM60 alloy is 170 ℃. The temperature sensitivity of solid fraction decreases with increasing solid fraction or with decreasing temperature above eutectic reaction temperature of AM60 alloy. When the solid fraction φs is 0.4, corresponding processing temperature is 603.8 ℃ and the sensitivity -dφs/dT is 0.0184. The effects of various alloying elements on the solidification behavior and SSM processability of AM60 alloy were calculated with Pandat software.

中国放射性药物的现状及发展趋势

放射性药物是核医学的重要组成部分,它们广泛应用于癌症的诊疗、心肌成像和心脏疾病诊断,以及神经退行性疾病的状态监测。本文从放射性药物的发展现状出发,简要介绍了中国与欧美国家在放射性药物开发和临床应用方面存在的差距,并进一步论述了中国放射性药物的未来发展趋势。

就要满堂彩儿——奖励旅游业发展之谈

奖励旅游业重现生机，然而在旺盛的市场需求中也伴随着一系列的挑战。如何把握奖励旅游的市场脉搏，更清晰地看到奖励旅游的发展方向？

Creation of High Energy/Intensity Bremsstrahlung by a Multi-Target and Focusing of the Scattered Electrons by Small-Angle Backscatter at a Cone Wall and a Magnetic Field—Enhancement of the Outcome of Linear Accelerators in Radiotherapy

The yield of bremsstrahlung (BS) from collisions of fast electrons (energy at least 6 MeV) with a Tungsten target can be significantly improved by exploitation of Tungsten wall scatter in a multi-layered target. A simplified version of a previously developed principle is also able to focus on small angle scattered electrons by a Tungsten wall. It is necessary that the thickness of each Tungsten layer does not exceed 0.04 mm—a thickness of 0.03 mm is suitable for accelerators in medical physics. Further focusing of electrons results from suitable magnetic fields with field strength between 0.5 Tesla and 1.2 Tesla (if the cone with multi-layered targets is rather narrow). Linear accelerators in radiation therapy only need to be focused by wall scatter without further magnetic fields (a standard case: 31 plates with 0.03 mm thickness and 1 mm distance between the plates). We considered three cases with importance in medical physics: A very small cone with an additional magnetic field for focusing (the field diameter at 90 cm depth: 6 cm), a medium cone with an optional magnetic field (field diameter at 90 cm depth: 13 cm) and a broad cone without a magnetic field (the field diameter at 90 cm depth: 30 cm). All these cases can be positioned in a carousel. Measurements have been performed in the existing carousel positioned in the plane of the flattening filter and scatter foils for electrons.

The Role of Forced Oscillators of Coupled Circuits in Radiation Physics: New Linear Accelerator Design Improving Tomo-Scanning Technology (Radiotherapy and CT), Heisenberg-Euler Scatter, and Extension to Bremsstrahlung with GeV Electrons

The quantization of circuits has received to be rather attractive in domains of solid state—molecular—and biophysics, since the quanta referred to as Q-bits play a significant role in the design of the quantum computer and entangled structures. Quantized circuits cannot be applied without modifications, since the energy differences are not equidistant and the polarization of the excited states has to be accounted for having particular importance for the creation of virtual states. Applications of the presented theory are scanning methods in radiotherapy without multi-leaf collimators, which may be realized in tomo-scanning radiotherapy and in the keV domain, which provides a new design of CT. The problem of lateral scatter in the target and energy storage by heat production is significantly reduced by a multilayer system with focusing the impinging electrons at the walls and by a magnetic field. The verification of the Heisenberg-Euler scatter of crossing beams of 9 MV is a central problem of photon physics and can be solved by the new bremsstrahlung technique. A comparison with GEANT 4 Monte-Carlo data indicates that the presented method also works in the GeV domain, and a multi-target can improve the bremsstrahlung yield. GEANT 4 provides the spatial distribution, whereas the virtual oscillator states only show the created energy spectrum. In every case, the exploitation yield can be drastically improved by the superiority of the focused multitarget system compared to a single standard target, and the door to new technologies is opened.

The transverse laser induced thermoelectric voltages in step flow growth (1-x)Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))O_(3-x)PbTiO_3 thin films

This paper reports that the transverse laser induced thermoelectric voltages （LITV） axe observed for the first time in the step flow growth （1- x）PD（Mg1/3Nb2/3）O3-xPbTiO3 （PMN-PT, x = 0.20, 0.33, 0.50） thin films deposited on vicinal-cut strontium titanate single crystal substrates. Because lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate is a solid solution of lead magnesium niobate （PMN） and lead titanate （PT）, there are two types of signals. One is wide with a time response of a microsecond, and the other superimposed with the wide signal is narrow with a time response of a nanosecond. The transverse LITV signals depend on the ratio of PMN to PT drastically. Under the irradiation of 28-ns pulsed KrF excimer laser with the 248-nm wavelength, the largest induced voltage is observed in the 0.50Pb（Mg1/3Nb2/3）O3-0.50 PbTiO3 films. Moreover, the effects of film thickness, substrates, and tilt angles of substrates are also investigated.

Cluster-Based Saliency-Guided Content-Aware Image Retargeting

Straightforward image resizing operators without considering image contents （e.g., uniform scaling） cannot usually produce satisfactory results, while content-aware image retargeting aims to arbitrarily change image size while preserving visually prominent features. In this paper, a cluster-based saliency-guided seam carving algorithm for content- aware image retargeting is proposed. To cope with the main drawback of the original seam carving algorithm relying on only gradient-based image importance map, we integrate a gradient-based map and a cluster-based saliency map to generate a more reliable importance map, resulting in better single image retargeting results. Experimental results have demonstrated the efficacy of the proposed algorithm.

The magnification invariant of circularly-symmetric lens models

In the context of strong gravitational lensing, the magnification of an image is crucially important for constraining various lens models. For several commonly used quadruple lens models, the magnification invariants, defined as the sum of the signed magnifications of images, have been analytically derived when the image multiplicity is a maximum. In this paper, we further study the magnification of several disk lens models, including （a） exponential disk lens, （b） Gaussian disk lens, （c） modified Hubble profile lens, and another two of the popular three-dimensional symmetrical lens models, （d） NFW lens and （e） Einasto lens. We find that magnification invariant exists for each lens model. Moreover, our results show that magnification invariants can be significantly changed by the characteristic surface mass density kc.

What is the right way to quench star formation in semi-analytic models of galaxy formation?

Semi-analytic models of galaxy formation are powerful tools to study the evolution of a galaxy population in a cosmological context. However, most models overpredict the number of low- mass galaxies at high redshifts and the colors of model galaxies are not right in the sense that low-mass satellite galaxies are too red and centrals are too blue. The recent version of the L-Galaxies model by Henriques et al. （H15） is a step forward to solve these problems by reproducing the evolution of stellar mass function and the overall fraction of red galaxies. In this paper we compare the two model predictions of L-Galaxies （the other is Guo et al., G13） to SDSS data in detail. We find that in the H15 model the red fraction of central galaxies now agrees with the data due to their implementation of strong AGN feedback, but the stellar mass of centrals in massive halos is now slightly lower than what is indicated by the data. For satellite galaxies, the red fraction of low-mass galaxies （log M./M~ 〈 10） also agrees with the data, but the color of massive satellites （10 〈 logM,/M~ 〈 11） is slightly bluer. The correct color of centrals and the bluer color of massive satellites indicate that quenching in massive satellites is not strong enough. We also find that there are too many red spirals and less bulge-dominated galaxies in both H15 and G13 models. Our results suggest that additional mechanisms, such as more minor mergers or disk instability, are needed to slightly increase the stellar mass of the central galaxy in massive galaxies, mainly in the bulge component, and bulge dominated galaxies will be quenched not only by minor mergers, but also by some other mechanisms.

握住橄榄枝——主办方与同期会议策划者合作的益处

你定好了会场，发出了邀请函，选好了餐饮服务且邀请了媒体。但你有没有注意下附近是否有其他的活动举行？因为怕会减少参会人数，大多数的会议策划者都会在选择会议举办日期时避开主要的节日活动、假期或一些聚会。

Management breaks the natural productivity-biodiversity relationship in forests and grassland： an opinion

Background： Two approaches mark the difference between the ＂ecological＂ and ＂agricultural＂ view of the biodiversity/ growth relation. In ecology the trend is averaged by taking monocultures of all species as baseline to evaluate mixtures. This contrasts the ＂agricultural＂ view focusing on the most productive species or species combination as baseline to evaluate mixtures. The present study investigates the change of highest rates （maximum） productivities in grasslands and forests with increasing plant （or tree） diversity, and compares these with the average response. Methods： We base our analysis on existing published datasets relating the growth of plant stands （growth rate per land area） to the diversity on the same plot. We use a global dataset （Ellis et al. 2012 and MODIS-data, see Fig. 1）, the grassland experiment in lena （Buchmann et al. 2017）, the regional study on forests in Romania and Germany by Bouriaud et al. （2016）, and data from the German National Forest inventory （BWl 3, see Fig. 3）. In all cases the average response of growth to changes in biodiversity as well as the boundary line of the maximum values was calculated. Results： in both vegetation types a decreasing trend of maximum productivity with any added species emerges, contrasting the average trend that was positive in grassland, but absent in forests. The trend of maximum values was non-significant in grasslands probably due to the fact that not all combinations of species mixtures were available. In temperate forests, maximum productivity decreases significantly by about 10% in regional studies and by 8% at national scale with each added species. Maximum biomass per area was the same for managed and unmanaged conditions. A global assessment of NPP and biodiversity could also not confirm a general positive biodiversity- productivity relationship. Conclusions： Managed grasslands and forests reach highest productivity and volumes at low diversity. Also globally we could not confirm a biodiversity effect on productivity. Despite this, for long-living organisms, such as trees, the incentive for land managers exists to reduce the risk of failure due to climate extremes and diseases by taking a loss in productivity into account and to actively maintain a mixture of species.

多开几天——会议中心如何走出市场低迷的经营困境

在全球经济危机的阴霾下，会议业也遭遇寒流而处境尴尬。会议中心在会议业遇冷的不利形势下，也遇到了前所未有的挑战。祸兮福所倚，挑战中往往也伴有不可多得的机遇。那么，会议中心如何鼓歌前行，泅水百渡，走出经营困境，打开发展的一扇新窗？

MPTV——第三代交换式对称电视,开启高清电视通信新时代

本文阐述了在交互式数字电视主导了近30年的全球市场后，必将让位于刚刚出现但已经展现强大生命力的下一代交换式对称数字电视。交换式对称电视在保留所有交互式电视功能的同时，提供几乎无限量的全新视频业务，其中包括可以普及到家家户户的高清视频通信。

Mandelic Acid Single-Crystal Growth:Experiments vs Numerical Simulations

Mandelic acid is an enantiomer of interest in many areas,in particular for the pharmaceutical industry.One of the approaches to produce enantiopure mandelic acid is through crystallization from an aqueous solution.We propose in this study a numerical tool based on lattice Boltzmann simulations to model crystallization dynamics of(S)-mandelic acid.The solver is first validated against experimental data.It is then used to perform parametric studies concerning the effects of important parameters such as supersaturation and seed size on the growth rate.It is finally extended to investigate the impact of forced convection on the crystal habits.Based on there parametric studies,a modification of the reactor geometry is proposed that should reduce the observed deviations from symmetrical growth with a five-fold habit.