Cytokine release syndrome induced by anti-programmed death-1 treatment in a psoriasis patient:A dark side of immune checkpoint inhibitors

In recent years,cancer immunotherapy has introduced novel treatments,such as monoclonal antibodies,which have facilitated targeted therapies against tumor cells.Programmed death-1(PD-1)is an immune checkpoint expressed in T cells that regulates the immune system’s activity to prevent over-activation and tissue damage caused by inflammation.However,PD-1 is also expressed in tumor cells and functions as an immune evasion mechanism,making it a therapeutic target to enhance the immune response and eliminate tumor cells.Consequently,immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)have emerged as an option for certain tumor types.Nevertheless,blocking immune checkpoints can lead to immune-related adverse events(irAEs),such as psoriasis and cytokine release syndrome(CRS),as exemp-lified in the clinical case presented by Zhou et al involving a patient with adva-nced gastric cancer who received sintilimab,a monoclonal antibody targeting PD-1.Subsequently,the patient experienced exacerbation of psoriasis and CRS.The objective of this editorial article is to elucidate potential immunologic mechanisms that may contribute to the development of CRS and psoriasis in patients receiving ICIs.It is crucial to acknowledge that while ICIs offer superior safety and efficacy compared to conventional therapies,they can also manifest irAEs affecting the skin,gastrointestinal tract,or respiratory system.In severe cases,these irAEs can lead to life-threatening complications such as circulatory shock or multiorgan failure.Consequently,it is recommended that patients receiving ICIs undergo regular monitoring to identify and manage these adverse events effectively.

Towards Inclusive Development: Situating the Socio-Economic Wellbeing and Environmental Issues of an Indigenous Cultural Community in the Philippines

The Municipality of Carranglan is a rural community where agriculture is the main source of livelihood. The Kalanguya Ancestral Domain (KAD) is also located in the area, and it provides a home for the Kalanguya indigenous cultural community. They have fled to the area for a variety of reasons. Despite its rural setting, Carranglan is regarded as a first-class municipality and the largest municipality in Nueva Ecija. This study described and documented the socio-economic profile, and existing issues and problems the Kalanguya Indigenous Peoples (IPs) experienced in their milieu, especially in terms of environmental protection. Recognizing and valuing their perspectives is vital for inclusive development. This study also situated the current status and conditions of the IPs, who generally live below the poverty line and face a range of plights and challenges. As part of safeguarding indigenous rights and interests, this study was undertaken after series of consultations with community elders and leaders. Key informant interviews, household surveys, semi-structured interviews, focused-group discussion (FGD), and direct observations were used to elicit information. Many of the respondents are elementary undergraduates which show that the community had lacked access to education. The following are the primary socioeconomic issues confronting IPs: insufficient access to potable water, suboptimal agricultural productivity, meager monthly income, and a dearth of supplementary and alternative livelihood opportunities. Forest fires, landslides, encroachment of illegal loggers, and concerns about wildlife resources are some of the current environmental issues they have encountered. The local population was supportive of plans and actions targeted at improving the environment. This reveals that the IPs possess unique indigenous forest expertise that enables them to properly manage natural resources.

Climate Change Vulnerability and Disaster Risk Assessment Using Remote Sensing Technology and Adaptation Strategies for Resiliency and Disaster Risk Management in Selected Coastal Municipalities of Zambales, Philippines

The Philippines is one of the most hazard prone and vulnerable countries in the world to climate change effects due to its geographical location. Climate change is already happening and affecting many places causing huge problems to coastal ecosystems. Vulnerability and disaster assessment and mapping in coastal areas are essential tasks and undertakings for coastal disaster risk management. The objectives of this study were to assess the climate change vulnerability and disaster risks in the four municipalities (Sta. Cruz, Candelaria, Masinloc and Palauig) of Zambales and to determine the climate change community-based adaptation (CBA) and ecosystem-based adaptation (EBA) strategies. Remote sensing, GIS, secondary data gathering and key informant interview were used to assess vulnerability and disaster risks and mapping in the four municipalities. Survey questionnaire, focus group discussion and key informant interview were utilized in gathering data for the determination of climate change adaptation strategies. Using remote sensing technology, it was revealed that coastline changes have occurred in the shorelines of the four coastal municipalities after a decade. Sea level rise happened in Sta. Cruz and Masinloc, Zambales while there was build-up of soil in the coastline of Candelaria and Palauig, Zambales. Twelve hazard maps, 12 vulnerability maps and 12 disaster risk maps were generated for the three major disasters (flood, landslide, storm surge) in the four coastal municipalities. Based on the flood vulnerability and disaster risk assessment, the municipality of Palauig was found to be the most prone to flooding while the municipality of Candelaria was found to be the most vulnerable to landslide compared to other municipalities. All coastal barangays in the four municipalities were susceptible to storm surge. The four coastal municipalities were conducting community-based adaptation (CBA) and ecosystem-based adaptation (EBA) approaches in order to protect their coastal resources from the damaging impacts of climate change and improve the resilience of their local communities.

Voyage of Ben Cao, Part I: Discovery of Kam Wah Chung, the Overlooked Chinese Medicine Museum in the United States

1 Introduction Imagery of the Western United States typically evokes vast wheat fields,cowboys,and rolling mountain valleys.Few would associate the American West with Chinese medicine.This article describes a remote town called John Day,which is located in a mountainous terrain in Oregon,and presents the remarkable story of the Kam Wah Chung Museum(Fig.1).

Climate Change Community-Based and Ecosystem-Based Adaptation Strategies in Selected Coastal Barangays in Masinloc, Zambales, Philippines

Climate change continues to intensify existing disaster risks and vulnerabilities in the Philippines. Thus, implementation of climate change adaptation strategies is vital to counter the effects of climate change. It is in this context that this study was undertaken to analyze the need or urgency to adopt community and ecosystem-based adaptation strategies among selected coastal barangays (villages) of Masinloc, Zambales, Philippines. Various methods of data collection were utilized such as secondary data collection, primary data collection through household survey, key informant interviews, and focus group. Results of the study indicate that in terms of community-based adaptation strategies, all of the seven barangays in Masinloc have moderate necessity. However, only Barangays Bani and Collat have high adaptation capacity in terms of infrastructure and disaster preparedness. The execution of several community-based adaptation strategies helps these barangays to respond immediately and appropriately to the moderate risk posed by floods and storm surges. On the other hand, in terms of ecosystem-based adaptation strategies, all of the seven barangays have moderate necessity which implies that they have moderate vulnerability and risk to flood and storm surge but have high adaptation capacity in terms of the conservation and protection of coastal resources (mangroves and sea grasses). The barangays implemented the necessary ecosystem-based adaptation mechanisms that they might need in the future. This only means that when they are faced with disaster, the local communities are prepared to respond appropriately and to cope up with the effects of extreme weather events which lead to floods and storm surge. Even though most of the ecosystem-based adaptation strategies are conducted by the seven barangays, there are several community-based adaptation strategies that are still lacking which will protect them from the effect of floods and storm surges. Hence, carrying out the missing adaptation strategies, both community-based and ecosystem-based, will help in improving the adaptive capacity of the affected barangays and will help them become more resilient to the amplified effects of climate change.

The Role of C-Reactive Protein, Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis

Background and Aim: Despite the fact that acute appendicitis is the most common surgical emergency all around the world, its diagnosis is still based on clinical evaluation and accuracy of the diagnosis depending on experience. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of inflammatory markers in diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Material and Method: The study includes 77 cases with histopathologically proven acute appendicitis and 17 control cases. Blood samples were obtained from all cases and C-reactive protein (CRP), Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (G-CSF) and Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) were measured. Findings: In cases with acute appendicitis, CRP and G-CSF levels were found to be related to acute appendicitis;however, TAC was not affected by the disease process. Moreover, CRP and G-CSF levels were correlated with the disease severity. Conclusion: Both CRP and G-CSF can be used in diagnosis of acute appendicitis. Furthermore, increased CRP level can be a marker to show advanced cases. However, G-CSF is not an effective marker to show disease severity.

Optimization of mycelial growth of Xylaria papulis Lloyd(Xylariaceae)in indigenous liquid culture conditions,science city of Muñoz,Nueva Ecija,Philippines

The search for potential and inexhaustible sources of bioactive compounds with great functional activities is imperative for potential drug leads in treating various human diseases.In this regard,this study investigated the optimum liquid medium and physical culture conditions for the mycelial growth of X.papulis Lloyd for nutraceutical studies.The greatest mycelial biomass was achieved in PSB liquid medium among the indigenous media evaluated,such as potato sucrose broth(PSB),corn meal broth(CMB),rice bran broth(RBB),and coconut water(CW).In terms of pH,X.papulis Lloyd was observed to grow in a wide range of pH(5.0−8.5),but the best mycelial growth was observed at pH 6.5.Room temperature of 28℃,lighted(137 lux),and static conditions were the other optimum physical culture conditions for mycelial growth of X.papulis Lloyd.

Simulation of Desert-Scrub Growth: A Forcing to Warmer and More Pluvial Climate

Desert-fringe vegetation growing over bright, sandy soils reduces the surface albedo from above 0.4 to well below 0.3. Called desert-scrub, these shrubs form a predominantly vertical clumps protruding from the soil-level, thereby significantly increasing the coefficient of turbulent heat transfer from the surface. The impact on global and desert-belt climate of changes in these two surface characteristics was simulated by a multi-layer energy balance tnodel. Evaluated only as a forcing to a further climatic change (that is, without accounting for any possible feedbacks) the results are: if vegetation (such as apparently existed under the warmer climate of 6,000 BP ) grows over large areas in the arid, currently bare-soil regions, the annual Northern Hemisphere surface temperature increases by 0.7t (by 0.6'C in July ), the surface temperature over land in the 20-30°N zone increases by 0.9℃ in both the annual and the July means, and the land-ocean annual temperature contrast in this zone increases by 0.25℃(0.2° in July). These results represent the combined influence of the reduction in the surface albedo and of the increase in the coefficient of turbulent heat transfer. In the desert-belt zones, the increase in the transfer coefficient sharply reduces the land temperature and the land-ocean temperature contrast from the values produced by the albedo change alone. This reduction must be attributed to the increased land-to-ocean circulation (which our model does not evaluate explicitly). Considering that a stronger circulation (resulting from land-ocean temperature contrast) generally forces a higher rainfall, the vegetation which emerged in the arid regions during the post-glacial optimum should be considered a significant positive feedback towards a still warmer, and also a more pluvial, climate. Our study may have implications for the 21st century, if the global warming expected from the enhanced greenhouse effects is accompanied by increased precipitation over the continents.

Optimum Condition of Rice Straw Hydrolysate Detoxification with Charcoal Powder for Cellulosic Ethanol Production by Pichiastipitis TISTR 5806

In this study, the rice straw was hydrolysed by using 3.0% （w/v） H2SO4 followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. The rice straw hydrolysate obtained was treated with charcoal powder and the optimal condition of detoxification with charcoal powder was investigated. The results showed that the optimal condition for detoxification was the use of 2.5 grams of non-sterilized charcoal powder in 100 mL hydrolysate. The mixture was operated at pH 5.0, 30 ℃ and 160 rpm for 5 min. The detoxified hydrolysate was then used for ethanol production using P. stipitis TISTR 5806. The condition of the detoxified hydrolysate fermentation which gave maximum ethanol concentration of 21 g/L was at pH 5.0, 30 ℃ and 160 rpm for 72 h. Without detoxification, the P. stipitis TISTR 5806 could not however utilize the hydrolysate for ethanol production.

Voyage of Ben Cao,Part Ⅱ:Development of Chinese Medicinal Specimens in the British Museum

1 Introduction In 2015,an on-site field investigation was conducted by the authors’research group to authenticate a batch of ancient Chinese medicinal decoction pieces that have been preserved in a rare collection at the Natural History Museum in London.These treasured artifacts comprise a portion of the Sloane Collection,and the nearly 100 Chinese medicinal specimens examined within provide an objective record of the real situation regarding Chinese medicinal materials in commercial circulation 300 years ago.

Model test and numerical simulation of a new prefabricated double-row piles retaining system in silty clay ground

This paper introduces a new prefabricated recyclable double-row piles retaining system for excavations in silty clay ground.Laboratory model test and numerical simulation are conducted to study the system behavior upon excavation.The horizontal displacement(δ_(h)),Von Mises stress(δ_(M)),strain(ε),ground surface settlement(δ_(v)),and earth pressure are systematically investigated.Furthermore,the monitoring data of 13 excavation cases supported by double-row piles retaining system are presented and discussed.The experimental results can basically match the numerical results,and the maximumδ_(M),maximum bending moment(M_(max)),maximum horizontal displacement(δ_(hm))of structural members are all less than the tolerance limits.The ground surface settlement model of double-row piles retaining system consists of three zones,i.e.,rebound influence zone,primary influence zone and secondary influence zone.The dhm values are 0.07%–1.42%of the excavation depth(He).The maximum ground surface settlement(δ_(vm))is generally less than dhm.The ratio ofδ_(vm)=δ_(hm)varies between 0.09 and 0.76,with an average value of 0.5.The observed earth pressure on the retained side of front pile(paf)is about 0.53–0.57γH below the excavation surface.Above the excavation surface,p_(af)decreases dramatically when getting closer to the ground surface.

超高压致淀粉结构变化对醋酸酯淀粉合成及产品品质的影响

以玉米淀粉为原料,经不同压力(100、200、300、400、500、600 MPa)超高压预处理后,再合成醋酸酯淀粉。利用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、快速黏度分析、差示扫描量热等技术对比超高压处理淀粉及醋酸酯淀粉的结构性质。结果表明:超高压处理和乙酰化反应对淀粉结构均有一定的影响,表现出淀粉颗粒的膨胀和破裂。超高压预处理后,淀粉相对结晶度及糊化焓呈现先增大后减小的趋势,其中400 MPa处理时达到最大,分别为35.4%和11.90 J/g,此时糊化黏度相关参数也最大。当预处理压力为600 MPa时,淀粉完全糊化,颗粒失去原有形态,结晶类型由A型向V型转换。由于超高压预处理导致淀粉结构的改变,醋酸酯淀粉取代度和反应效率明显提高,当压力为500 MPa时达到最大值0.103和81.14%,该最大值的出现可能与淀粉颗粒结构明显破坏但维持颗粒态,增加乙酸酐与颗粒接触机会有关。本研究结果表明,对淀粉原料进行超高压预处理进而调控淀粉结构,有利于提升醋酸酯淀粉的合成效率。

毛乌素沙地包气带气态水同位素特征及其运移规律

为揭示包气带气态水在大气、土壤和地下水之间交换对内部水与能量传递的响应,该研究应用原位监测、同位素示踪与数值分析相结合的方法,对毛乌素沙地包气带气态水时空变化特征与运移规律进行分析。结果表明,受大气水汽来源和局地循环影响,降水δD_(L)和δ^(18)OL值均表现出春夏富集、秋冬贫化。各深度土壤气态水δ^(18)O_(a)与液态水δ^(18)OL值呈显著正相关(P<0.01),但在季节上,春夏季为极显著线性正相关(P<0.01),而秋冬季则无显著相关性(P=0.12)。表层水汽通量的增大伴随δ^(18)O_(a)富集,而水汽密度夏季的增大和冬季的减小均表现出表层δ^(18)O_(a)富集,夏季蒸发比冬季冻结更能引起表层土壤δ^(18)O_(a)富集。受包气带温度梯度驱动影响,夏季土壤深部气态水接受浅层水汽补给,冬季浅层接受中深层水汽的补给,而春、秋季剖面分别存在温度聚合和发散零通量面,使得补给关系复杂。该研究明确了土壤δ^(18)O_(a)的变化受水汽迁移模式、大气蒸发能力和土壤冻融的共同控制,表层δ^(18)O_(a)的富集在冬季受蒸发与向上的水汽传输共同影响,而夏季主要受土壤水的昼夜蒸发与凝结循环作用所致,该结果为厘清土壤水汽迁移机制以及进一步阐明包气带水循环过程提供科学依据。

“往昔在场”:纽约城市记忆的展示与建构

遗产与记忆是往昔在场的不同形式,它们拥有相似的工作机制与目标功能—为应对当下而对过去进行加工。文章引入记忆研究方法,从“物质性”、叙述性与身体性3个方面分析遗产展示设计的记忆媒介与建构手段,以此解读被展示之“物”如何与访客发生互动,共同成为记忆建构网络的行动者。纽约是文化多样性的典型代表,其多元的城市记忆在历史建筑、工业遗产、公共空间、公寓住宅与博物馆等城市遗产展示之中得以建构,其中高线公园、廉租公寓博物馆和纽约市博物馆3个案例由不同的管理模式展示大历史、小历史与社区记忆,形成差异化的记忆展示与建构方式。文章通过纽约城市遗产的记忆展示来解析情感体验与话语政治在记忆建构之中的交互作用,探讨遗产在文化认同塑造与城市精神表达方面应担负的社会责任。

中国共产党大党形象塑造的价值意蕴、多维呈现和现实进路

政党形象是公众对该党全部理论、实践活动及其成果的整体感受和综合评价。塑造大党形象蕴含着中国共产党对其客观貌态被扭曲、被遮蔽的深刻忧思,承载着主体形象认知归位的迫切诉求。立足不同的形象认知主体,塑造中国共产党大党形象具有鞭策党员对标纠差、增进人民政治认同、优化国际社会环境的效用。中国共产党坚持人民至上、坚持自我革命、坚守初心使命、坚持胸怀天下,呈现了其“无我者”“勇毅者”“使命者”“笃信者”的多维大党形象。由此,中国共产党大党形象的塑造应坚持综合施策、把握互动效应,以巩固执政根基、锻造政治优势、激发情感共鸣、夯实话语实力为现实进路。

腔镜在乳腺癌外科治疗应用的研究进展

随着生活质量的提升及医学科技的发展,患者对乳房美容要求相应提高。在保证安全性及可行性的前提下,腔镜小切口的优势被用于治疗乳腺疾病。在世界各地学者的大力推动下,腔镜治疗乳腺癌由理念变为现实。本文将简要地阐述腔镜治疗乳腺癌的发展史,介绍由专家通过实践总结出来的适应症,并在传统乳腺癌手术的基础上演化出腔镜治疗乳腺癌的手术方式,同时讨论腔镜治疗乳腺癌的争议及展望。

基于深度确定性梯度学习的集群多目标分配方法

针对多弹协同作战进行目标分配时,存在敌方平台和反舰导弹数量不确定性和类型多样化,导致目标分配算法难以建模的问题,为提升高动态协同攻击条件下的攻击效能,建立动态战场环境模型和多目标分配的单回合马尔可夫决策模型,提出一种改进深度确定性策略梯度的分配算法.通过与模拟器的交互自动求解最佳分配策略,利用mask方法对动作空间进行掩码操作,实现算法对平台数量和类型的适应能力.实验结果表明,在各种不同舰船的防御配置和红蓝双方数量配置下,算法求解得到的攻击策略相对于随机策略的性能提升约为87.5%,模型推理时间约为0.04ms.研究结果将加速基于深度确定性梯度学习的方法在高动态环境下智能决策中的应用,对集群自主决策方法的研究具有推动作用.

暖水燥土方治疗阳虚化风型帕金森病非运动症状的临床研究

目的 探讨暖水燥土方治疗帕金森病非运动症状的有效性和安全性,为帕金森病非运动症状患者选择合适的治疗方法提供临床数据支持。方法 将60例受试者随机分为治疗组和对照组,治疗前后的相关评定量表,具体有帕金森病评定量表Ⅲ(UPDRS Ⅲ)、Hoehn-Yahr(H-Y)分期、非运动症状筛查量表(NMSS)、帕金森病生活质量问卷-39(PDQ-39)。结果 治疗组和对照组治疗后UPDRSⅢ评分均明显下降(P <0.01),治疗组治疗后NMSS、PDQ-39评分明显下降(P <0.01),对照组治疗前后无统计学意义(P> 0.05),2组H-Y、UPDRS Ⅲ评分差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05),治疗组NMSS各症状评分睡眠疲劳、胃肠道功能、泌尿系统评分均明显下降(P <0.05),NMSS、PDQ-39有效率分别为63.3%、53.5%,疗效均高于对照组。结论 治疗组能有效改善帕金森病非运动症状,提高患者的生活质量,改善睡眠质量、胃肠道功能及泌尿情况。治疗组和对照组均能改善帕金森病患者病情程度,在改善运动症状方面,治疗组无明显优势。

毛乌素沙地黑沙蒿群落多尺度呼吸的季节动态和影响因素

【目的】比较不同观测尺度呼吸对环境因素的响应,特别是对温度和水分的响应,理解多尺度呼吸作用的影响机制,以期提升跨观测尺度呼吸模型模拟精度。【方法】在宁夏盐池选取典型黑沙蒿群落,于2022年5—10月,在固定样地原位连续监测黑沙蒿叶片、土壤与生态系统呼吸速率(即Rl、Rs与Re),拟合呼吸与温度、水分之间的关系,了解多尺度呼吸的季节动态特征及其环境影响因素。【结果】(1)观测期内,Rl主要受温度调控(R^(2)为63.5%),温度敏感性(Q10)为1.48,Rl日均值最大为5.96μmol/(m^(2)·s),出现在7月;Rs和Re季节变化均受水分调控(R2分别为44.4%和50.9%),Q10分别为1.23和1.08,Rs和Re最大日均值均出现在8月,分别为2.94μmol/(m^(2)·s)和4.07μmol/(m^(2)·s)。(2)温度–水分双变量经验模型对Rl、Rs和Re的解释能力相较于单变量模型提升程度有限,平均R2分别增加了0.09、0.05和0.02。(3)水分条件是不同观测尺度呼吸温度敏感性是否趋于一致的关键因素。当土壤水分条件较差时(相对土壤含水量WRE<0.4时),Rl、Rs和Re对温度的响应有显著差异,Q10分别为1.34、0.63和0.84;当土壤水分条件较好时(WRE≥0.4),Rl、Rs和Re对温度的响应趋于一致,Q10约1.8。【结论】不同观测尺度呼吸季节变化的调控因素存在差异,而双变量模型对提升不同观测尺度呼吸模拟的精确性作用有限,充分考虑不同观测尺度以及同尺度水分条件的差异是未来准确模拟干旱或半干旱地区呼吸作用的关键。

土壤微生物膜对沙生植物幼苗光合和荧光特性的影响

为揭示土壤微生物膜对沙生植物幼苗光合和荧光特性的影响,以沙冬青(Ammopiptanthus mongolicus)和沙打旺(Astragalus laxmannii)幼苗为研究对象,设置不同菌剂施用方式(喷施、混施)和施用量(0、1、3、5、7 g·kg^(-1)和10g·kg^(-1))开展盆栽试验,比较分析土壤微生物膜形成后植物气体交换和叶绿素荧光特征。结果表明:(1)当菌剂施用量>3 g·kg^(-1)时,固结层硬度、厚度和土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。(2)在3~7 g·kg^(-1)菌剂处理组沙打旺净光合速率显著高于对照组(P<0.05),且蒸腾速率(Tr)、净光合速率(Pn)和胞间CO_(2)浓度(Ci)均显著高于沙冬青(P<0.05)。(3)当菌剂施用量>5 g·kg^(-1)时沙打旺最大光化学效率(F_(v)/F_(m))显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。除3 g·kg^(-1)处理组之外,沙冬青F_(v)/F_(m)和光化学猝灭系数(QP)均高于沙打旺。(4)土壤特性、光合气体交换和叶绿素荧光三者为部分中介模型,土壤特性的改变能直接影响沙冬青和沙打旺叶绿素荧光特性。土壤微生物膜使固结层硬度和厚度平均提高3.84%和152.85%,土壤过氧化氢酶、脲酶和蔗糖酶活性平均增强93.37%、170.68%和256.03%。其通过改善土壤质量、提高叶片气孔导度从而增强沙冬青和沙打旺光合效率和能力,使沙打旺和沙冬青净光合速率平均提高28.48%,F_(v)/F_(m)平均提高0.84%。