In these days the traffic is expanding quickly and the activity conditions on Indian roads are exceedingly heterogeneous in nature because of variety of vehicles with various static and dynamic qualities.Due to unrest...In these days the traffic is expanding quickly and the activity conditions on Indian roads are exceedingly heterogeneous in nature because of variety of vehicles with various static and dynamic qualities.Due to unrestricted movements all fast and slow moving vehicles without any separation,the roads will face severe congestion and lower speeds.The greater part of national and state highways in India are two lane undivided roadway.These two lane highways achieve its greatest limit soon and require consistent up gradation to do this we need to estimate capacity of selected roads.In this present paper,attempts have been made to collect traffic volume for whole 7 days at national highways such as NH-206&NH-209.Also tried to compute PCU values at selected stretches on highways by using those values attempts has been made to estimate capacity and to compare those values with the regression equation values.Finally from the present study we got ADT at different section on highways,calculated PCU values as per Chandra’s method at various sections on highways and got marginal difference with the values recommended by IRC.It is found that with the increase in lane width,speed and radius substantially caused increased in PCU value.Also we developed linear regression equations to estimate capacity and compared those values with the values as we got using Chandra’s method.In most of the cases the error is observed to be less than 3%.The percentage error is in the range between 0.02 and 2.41 which is very marginal.Finally from the study it has been observed that increase in lane width and radius at curves obviously increases the capacity their by increases both comfort and safety of the road users.展开更多
Barium titanate, BaTiO3 (BTO) is the most common ferro electric material, which is used to manufacture electronic components such as multilayer capacitors, positive temperature coefficient thermistors, piezo electric ...Barium titanate, BaTiO3 (BTO) is the most common ferro electric material, which is used to manufacture electronic components such as multilayer capacitors, positive temperature coefficient thermistors, piezo electric transdures, and ferro electric memory. Zr doped barium magnesium titanate (Ba0.9Mg1.0)(ZrxTi1-x)O3 (with x = 0.10, 0.20, 0.40 (BMZT 10, BMZT 20 and BMZT 40) perovskite is prepared by conventional solid state reaction method. The starting raw materials were BaCO3, TiO2, MgO and ZrO2. The XRD study at room temperature suggests that these have cubic and tetragonal symmetry phases. The behavior of the measured dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss with temperature and frequency reveals that the materials undergo a diffuse para-ferroelectric phase transition and are of the relaxor type. The crystal structure, surface morphology and dielectric properties of Zr and Mg doped barium titanate ceramics were investigated. Zr4+ and Mg2+ ions have entered the unit cell maintaining the perovskite structure of solid solution without the evidence of any additional phase when Mg content is 0.1 mole% and the Zr content is 0.10, 0.20 and 0.40 mole%.展开更多
Perovskite type ceramics (Ba0.9Mg0.1)(SnxZr0.4-xTi0.6)O3 (with x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04) relaxor composition prepared through solid state reaction route and calcinated at temperature is 1150°C for 5 hrs with...Perovskite type ceramics (Ba0.9Mg0.1)(SnxZr0.4-xTi0.6)O3 (with x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04) relaxor composition prepared through solid state reaction route and calcinated at temperature is 1150°C for 5 hrs with intermediate mixing. The room temperature XRD study suggests that all the samples have the single phase cubic symmetry with space group pm 3 m. The pellets were sintered at 1500°C for 4 hrs. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observations revealed enhanced micro structural uniformity and retarded grain growth with decreasing Sn content. The dielectric measurements at constant frequency show that dielectric constant increases with Sn content. Loss factor and dielectric constant decreased with increasing frequency but at very high frequencies it was independent.展开更多
文摘In these days the traffic is expanding quickly and the activity conditions on Indian roads are exceedingly heterogeneous in nature because of variety of vehicles with various static and dynamic qualities.Due to unrestricted movements all fast and slow moving vehicles without any separation,the roads will face severe congestion and lower speeds.The greater part of national and state highways in India are two lane undivided roadway.These two lane highways achieve its greatest limit soon and require consistent up gradation to do this we need to estimate capacity of selected roads.In this present paper,attempts have been made to collect traffic volume for whole 7 days at national highways such as NH-206&NH-209.Also tried to compute PCU values at selected stretches on highways by using those values attempts has been made to estimate capacity and to compare those values with the regression equation values.Finally from the present study we got ADT at different section on highways,calculated PCU values as per Chandra’s method at various sections on highways and got marginal difference with the values recommended by IRC.It is found that with the increase in lane width,speed and radius substantially caused increased in PCU value.Also we developed linear regression equations to estimate capacity and compared those values with the values as we got using Chandra’s method.In most of the cases the error is observed to be less than 3%.The percentage error is in the range between 0.02 and 2.41 which is very marginal.Finally from the study it has been observed that increase in lane width and radius at curves obviously increases the capacity their by increases both comfort and safety of the road users.
文摘Barium titanate, BaTiO3 (BTO) is the most common ferro electric material, which is used to manufacture electronic components such as multilayer capacitors, positive temperature coefficient thermistors, piezo electric transdures, and ferro electric memory. Zr doped barium magnesium titanate (Ba0.9Mg1.0)(ZrxTi1-x)O3 (with x = 0.10, 0.20, 0.40 (BMZT 10, BMZT 20 and BMZT 40) perovskite is prepared by conventional solid state reaction method. The starting raw materials were BaCO3, TiO2, MgO and ZrO2. The XRD study at room temperature suggests that these have cubic and tetragonal symmetry phases. The behavior of the measured dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss with temperature and frequency reveals that the materials undergo a diffuse para-ferroelectric phase transition and are of the relaxor type. The crystal structure, surface morphology and dielectric properties of Zr and Mg doped barium titanate ceramics were investigated. Zr4+ and Mg2+ ions have entered the unit cell maintaining the perovskite structure of solid solution without the evidence of any additional phase when Mg content is 0.1 mole% and the Zr content is 0.10, 0.20 and 0.40 mole%.
文摘Perovskite type ceramics (Ba0.9Mg0.1)(SnxZr0.4-xTi0.6)O3 (with x = 0.01, 0.02, 0.03 and 0.04) relaxor composition prepared through solid state reaction route and calcinated at temperature is 1150°C for 5 hrs with intermediate mixing. The room temperature XRD study suggests that all the samples have the single phase cubic symmetry with space group pm 3 m. The pellets were sintered at 1500°C for 4 hrs. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) observations revealed enhanced micro structural uniformity and retarded grain growth with decreasing Sn content. The dielectric measurements at constant frequency show that dielectric constant increases with Sn content. Loss factor and dielectric constant decreased with increasing frequency but at very high frequencies it was independent.
