This research investigates the characteristics of Thai to discern what their traveling behavior patterns. It indicated five different traveling patterns, which were named, ＂Physical action＂, ＂Conservation of nature...This research investigates the characteristics of Thai to discern what their traveling behavior patterns. It indicated five different traveling patterns, which were named, ＂Physical action＂, ＂Conservation of nature＂, ＂Service expectation＂, ＂Intend to travel＂ and ＂Obedience of law and order＂. It revealed that their traveling patterns were physically passive, less environmentally aware and knowledgeable, service expected, multi-purpose and short trip, and moderate obedience of law and order. The relation of sociodemographic profile （gender, age, education and income） to their traveling patterns was analyzed using Chi-Square tests. Discriminant analysis was run as a way of examining the accuracy and usefulness of the ecotourist scorecard. Using the concept of a hard-to-soft ecotourist with discriminant analysis, 51.4% was soft ecotourist, 39.3% was medium ecotourist and 9.3% was hard ecotourist. Although not identified, it is likely that there are subgroups （0.3%） within the hard ecotourist with the higher scoring tourists being most active ecotourist. The findings showed that the majority of Thai people tend to be comfortable nature-based tourist with less environmentally aware and knowledgeable. In fact, it could be argued that tourists in natural environments, even if they try to minimize their impact, may cause more environmental damage than tourist on a city tour.展开更多
This study explores how carbon emissions are affected by financial inclusion.Using a balanced panel data set of 26 Asian countries,we compute a composite index,through the principal component analysis(PCA)technique,of...This study explores how carbon emissions are affected by financial inclusion.Using a balanced panel data set of 26 Asian countries,we compute a composite index,through the principal component analysis(PCA)technique,of financial inclusion based on a set of attributes related to financial inclusion.Our main analysis also delineates the subsamples of developed and developing Asian economies.The results reveal a long(short)-run positive(negative)impact of financial inclusion on carbon emissions across the Asian countries.This finding is also true for the developed country subsample,implying nonlinearity in shortand long-run relationships.For the developing countries,a more pronounced long-run positive impact compared to developed countries is found.Furthermore,the pairwise causality test results indicate the existence of bi-directional causality between financial inclusion and carbon emissions.These findings have important policy implications,especially in the context of the strategic integration of financial inclusion and climate change strategies.展开更多
文摘This research investigates the characteristics of Thai to discern what their traveling behavior patterns. It indicated five different traveling patterns, which were named, ＂Physical action＂, ＂Conservation of nature＂, ＂Service expectation＂, ＂Intend to travel＂ and ＂Obedience of law and order＂. It revealed that their traveling patterns were physically passive, less environmentally aware and knowledgeable, service expected, multi-purpose and short trip, and moderate obedience of law and order. The relation of sociodemographic profile （gender, age, education and income） to their traveling patterns was analyzed using Chi-Square tests. Discriminant analysis was run as a way of examining the accuracy and usefulness of the ecotourist scorecard. Using the concept of a hard-to-soft ecotourist with discriminant analysis, 51.4% was soft ecotourist, 39.3% was medium ecotourist and 9.3% was hard ecotourist. Although not identified, it is likely that there are subgroups （0.3%） within the hard ecotourist with the higher scoring tourists being most active ecotourist. The findings showed that the majority of Thai people tend to be comfortable nature-based tourist with less environmentally aware and knowledgeable. In fact, it could be argued that tourists in natural environments, even if they try to minimize their impact, may cause more environmental damage than tourist on a city tour.
文摘This study explores how carbon emissions are affected by financial inclusion.Using a balanced panel data set of 26 Asian countries,we compute a composite index,through the principal component analysis(PCA)technique,of financial inclusion based on a set of attributes related to financial inclusion.Our main analysis also delineates the subsamples of developed and developing Asian economies.The results reveal a long(short)-run positive(negative)impact of financial inclusion on carbon emissions across the Asian countries.This finding is also true for the developed country subsample,implying nonlinearity in shortand long-run relationships.For the developing countries,a more pronounced long-run positive impact compared to developed countries is found.Furthermore,the pairwise causality test results indicate the existence of bi-directional causality between financial inclusion and carbon emissions.These findings have important policy implications,especially in the context of the strategic integration of financial inclusion and climate change strategies.
