Construction of Inorganic Elemental Fingerprint and Multivariate Statistical Analysis of Marine Traditional Chinese Medicine Meretricis concha from Rushan Bay

Meretricis concha is a kind of marine traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), and has been commonly used for the treatment of asthma and scald burns. In order to investigate the relationship between the inorganic elemental fingerprint and the geographical origin identification of Meretricis concha, the elemental contents of M. concha from five sampling points in Rushan Bay have been determined by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry(ICP-OES). Based on the contents of 14 inorganic elements(Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn), the inorganic elemental fingerprint which well reflects the elemental characteristics was constructed. All the data from the five sampling points were discriminated with accuracy through hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA) and principle component analysis(PCA), indicating that a four-factor model which could explain approximately 80% of the detection data was established, and the elements Al, As, Cd, Cu, Ni and Pb could be viewed as the characteristic elements. This investigation suggests that the inorganic elemental fingerprint combined with multivariate statistical analysis is a promising method for verifying the geographical origin of M. concha, and this strategy should be valuable for the authenticity discrimination of some marine TCM.

Studies on the Effects on Growth and Antioxidant Responses of Two Marine Microalgal Species to Uniconazole

Uniconazole, as a plant growth retardant, can enhance stress tolerance in plants, possibly because of improved antioxidation defense mechanisms with higher activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and peroxidase(POD) enzymes that retard lipid peroxidation and membrane deterioration. These years much attention has been focused on the responses of antioxidant system in plants to uniconazole stress, but such studies on aquatic organism are very few. Moreover, no information is available on growth and antioxidant response in marine microalgae to uniconazole. In this paper, the growth and antioxidant responses of two marine microalgal species, Platymonas helgolandica and Pavlova viridis, at six uniconazole concentrations(0-15 mg L-1) were investigated. The results demonstrated that 3 mg L-1 uniconazole could increase significantly chlorophyll a and carbohydrate contents of P. helgolandica(P < 0.05). Higher concentrations(≥12 mg L-1) of uniconazole could inhibit significantly the growth, dry weight, chlorophyll-a and carbohydrate contents of P. helgolandica and P. viridis(P < 0.05). Uniconazole caused a significant increase in lipid peroxidation production(MDA) at higher concentrations(≥ 9 mg L-1). The activities of antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catalase(CAT) were enhanced remarkably at low concentrations of uniconazole. However, significant reduction of SOD and CAT activities was observed at higher concentrations of uniconazole.

Evaluation of Antitumor,Immunomodulatory and Free Radical Scavenging Effects of A New Herbal Prescription Seaweed Complex Preparation

Seaweed Complex Preparation(SCP) is a clinical traditional Chinese medicine preparation which is composed of seven traditional Chinese herbs,and it has been used for treatment of lung cancer,liver cancer and digestive cancer.However,little information is available about the pharmacodynamic basis.The antitumor,immunomodulatory and free radical scavenging effects of SCP were evaluated in this study.Transplanted tumor in vivo method was used to determine the antitumor effect.The effects on splenocyte proliferation and phagocytosis of macrophages in tumor-bearing mice were measured by the MTT method and the phagocytizing cock red blood cell(CRBC) method respectively.The scavenging activities of SCP on DPPH and hydroxyl radicals in vitro were investigated.It was found that the medium-dose and high-dose of SCP could significantly inhibit the growth of transplanted hepatic tumor of murine hepatocarcinoma cell line H22,and promote proliferation of splenocytes and phagocytosis of macrophages.SCP possessed noticeable scavenging activities on DPPH and hydroxyl radicals.The antitumor effects of SCP might be achieved by improving immune system and scavenging free radicals,which is in accordance with the viewpoint of traditional Chinese medicine in promoting the body resistance and eliminating pathogenic factors for cancer treatment.

Synthesis of Obyanamide, a Marine Cytotoxic Cyclic Depsipeptide

The synthesis of a marine cytotoxic cyclic depsipeptide obyanamide has been accomplished. The key steps include assembling liner pentapeptide via Yamaguchi esterification and HATU-promoted ring closing. The structure of the synthetic sample was identified by ^1H and ^13C NMR, H-H COSY, HMQC, HMBC, and HRESIMS, but appears to be different from that of the marine natural product.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Binuclear Gadolinium（Ⅲ） Complex Bridged by Cucurbit[6]uril

A new cucurbit[6]uril bridsed binuclear complex {[Gd（H2O）6]2[Q6（H2O）]}C16·4H2O, where Q6 represents cucurbit[6]uril, has been synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction. The crystal structure shows that the complex has an extended cucurbit[6]uril-bridged structure consisting of two gadolinium（Ⅲ） ions, in which each gadolinium（Ⅲ） ion is coordinated with two neighboring carbonylic oxygen atoms of Q6 and six oxygen atoms of water molecules that leans toward one side of the portal. One disordered guest water molecule resides in the Q6 molecule cavity and occupies two different positions. Hydrogen bonds assemble the complcx to threedimensional supramolecular structure.

Purification and Refolding of a Novel β-Agarase from Inclusion Body of E. coli

β-agarase AgaB appears to represent a new family of glycoside hydrolase; it is structurally and functionally different from other known agarases. In the present study, AgaB was expressed with a temperature-inducible expression system in E. coli BL21 (DE3) as a fusion protein bearing a C-terminal hexahistidine tag. The protein existed mainly in the form of inclusion body. After being washed and solubilized, AgaB in inclusion body was denatured and purified to electrophoretic purity by immobilized metal affinity chromatography. The purified AgaB was then refolded using a simple pulse dilution method, and the refolded AgaB showed a high specific hydrolysis activity of about 1600 units /mg protein. Forty milligrams of refolded pure protein were obtained from 1L of culture.

Sorption behavior of o-nitrophenol on marine sediment

Systematic study on sorption behavior of o-nitrophenol on marine sediments was conducted. Isotherms of sorption of o-nitrophenol on marine sediments could be described by Freundlich model; and the isotherm of sorption of o-nitrophenol on HCl-treated sediment could be described by Langmuir model. The sorption behavior was affected by various factors including organic carbon content, aqueous solution salinity, temperature, and acidity. The sorption amount of o-nitrophenol increased when salinity and acidity of the aqueous solution increase, but decreased with increasing temperature. Organic carbon content in sediments had apparent effect on the behavior except for HCl-treated sediments.

A New Cytotoxic Compound from Penicillium auratiogriseum, Symbiotic or Epiphytic Fungus of Sponge Mycale plumose

A new compound, （S）-2, 4-dihydroxy-1-butyl （4-hydroxy） benzoate （1）, and a known compound, fructigenines A （2）, were isolated from fungus Penicillium auratiogriseum derived from sponge Mycale plumose, by bioassay-guided fractionation. Their structures were established by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Both compounds show.ed cytotoxic activity against tsFT210 cells.

What Depth Should Deep-Sea Water be Pumped up from in the South China Sea for Medicinal Research?

In this study, seawater was pumped up from 150, 200, 300, 500 and 1000 m in the South China Sea and analyzed to make certain what depth should deep-sea water (DSW) be pumped up for medicinal usage. The pumping depth of DSW was determined on the basis of chemical ingredients. The analyses of inorganic elements and dissolved organic matter (DOM) were performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and ultra performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) respectively. The raw data were used for hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA). The results showed that seawater pumped up from 500 m and 1000 m was similar in their chemical ingredients, and was different from the seawater pumped up from other depths. These results indicated that seawater from more than 500 m depth had relatively stable chemical ingredients and could be used as DSW in the South China Sea.

Catena-dichloro(4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)Cadmium(Ⅱ),a New One-dimensional Chain with Blue Fluorescent Emission

A new μ-chloro-bridged one-dimensional coordination polymer [Cd（dmbpy）Cl2]a （dmbpy = 4,4＇-dimethyl-2,2＇-bipyridine） has been synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV spectra and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The complex crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group C2/c with a = 17.745（4）, b = 10.326（2）, c = 7.3382（15）A, β = 106.85（3）°, V = 1286.9（4）A^3, Z = 4, C12H12N2Cl2Cd, Mr = 367.54, Dc = 1.897 g/cm^3, F（000） = 720, 2（MoKα） = 0.71073 A,μ= 2.089 mm^-1, R = 0.0368 and wR = 0.1048 for 1041 observed reflections （I 〉 2σ（I））. Cadmium（Ⅱ） adopts a distorted octahedral coordination geometry and adjacent coordination chains are intercalated in a zipper-like fashion into 2D layers through the π-π stacking interactions between dmbpy. Fluorescent analyses show that it exhibits intense blue photoluminescence in both DMF and DMSO solutions at room temperature.

Simultaneous analysis of tramadol, metoprolol and their metabolites in human plasma and urine by high performance liquid chromatography

Cytochrome P4502D6 （CYP2D6） is an important cytochrome P450 enzyme which catalyzes the metabolism of more than 80 drugs. Many of these drugs have a narrow therapeutic index and the combined use of substrates may result in significant pharmacokinetic interactions, leading to substrate accumulation and deleterious drug effects. Since the discovery of the debrisoquine/sparteine oxidation polymorphism in the 1970s, numerous studies have investigated its status in various ethnic groups. Currently more than 70 different alleles have been described. The gene frequency of individual alleles of CYP2D6 shows a marked interethnic difference. For Chinese population, the most common alleles of the CYP2D6 gene are CYP2D6＊1, CYP2D6＊2 and CYP2D6＊10. Thus, it is very important to study the relationship between drug interactions and the genetic polymorphism of CYP2D6.

Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Novel Conjugates of Indomethacin with Antioxidant Activity

一系列新与酉分的抗氧化剂消炎痛结合为提高的 antiinflammatory 被综合活动以及减少的 ulcerogenic 力量。都结合，这被发现很在 vitro 的有势力抗氧化剂。他们能显著地禁止类脂化合物 peroxidation，当 11b11e 和 13b13e 能也与 DPPH 交往时。然而这些对巴豆油结合显示出的小抑制导致的老鼠耳朵胀大。

Synthesis, Crystal Structure and in vitro Antitumor Activity of Di-n-butyltin p-[N,N-Bis（2-chloroethyl）amino]benzoates

Di-n-butyltin oxide reacted with p-[N,N-bis（2-chloroethyl）amino]benzoic acid to yield the compounds {{4-[（ClCH2CH2）2N]C6H4COOSnBu2}2O}2 （1） and {4-[（ClCH2CH2）2N]C6H4COO}2SnBu2 （2）, which have been characterized by IR and ^1H NMR spectra. The X-ray diffractional studies of 1 reveal the structure of the molecule to be a dimer, in which the two Bu2Sn groups were linked via two bridging oxygen atoms to form a central Bu4Sn2O2 unit. And the tin atom adopts two carbons from two n-butyl groups and three oxygen atoms from the acid and the bridging oxygen. In vitro test showed compound 1 to exhibit high cytotoxicity against P388 and HL-60 cell lines.

Study of the Distribution Patterns of the Constituent Herbs in Classical Chinese Medicine Prescriptions Treating Respiratory Disease by Data Mining Methods

Objective： To provide the distribution pattern and compatibility laws of the constituent herbs in prescriptions, for doctor＇s convenience to make decision in choosing correct herbs and prescriptions for treating respiratory disease. Methods： Classical prescriptions treating respiratory disease were selected from authoritative prescription books. Data mining methods （frequent itemsets and association rules） were used to analyze the regular patterns and compatibility laws of the constituent herbs in the selected prescriptions. Results： A total of 562 prescriptions were selected to be studied. The result exhibited that, Radix g/ycyrrhizae was the most frequently used in 47.2% prescriptions, other frequently used were Semen armeniacae amarum, Fructus schisandrae Chinese, Herba ephedrae, and Radix ginseng. Herbal ephedrae was always coupled with Semen armeniacae amarum with the confidence of 73.3%, and many herbs were always accompanied by Radix g/ycyrrhizae with high confidence. More over, Fructus schisandrae Chinese, Herba ephedrae and Rhizoma pinelliae was most commonly used to treat cough, dyspnoea and associated sputum respectively besides Radix glycyrrhizae and Semen armeniacae amarum. The prescriptions treating dyspnoea often used double herb group of Herba ephedrae ＆ Radix glycyrrhizae, while prescriptions treating sputum often used double herb group of Rhizoma pinel/iae ＆ Radix glycyrrhizae and Rhizoma pinelliae ＆ Semen armeniacae amarum, triple herb groups of Rhizoma pinelliae ＆ Semen armeniacae amarum ＆ Radix glycyrrhizae and Pericarpium citri reticu/atae ＆ Rhizoma pine/liae ＆ Radix glycyrrhizae. Couclusioas： The prescriptions treating respiratory disease showed common compatibility laws in using herbs and special compatibility laws for treating different respiratory symptoms. These principle patterns and special compatibility laws reported here could be useful for doctors to choose correct herbs and prescriptions in treating respiratory disease.

Pterocaryquinone, a Novel Naphthoquinone Derivative from Pterocarya tonkinesis

Pterocaryquinone，新奇 1,4-naphthoquinone 衍生物，从 Pterocarya tonkinesis 被孤立，它的结构被分光镜的方法阐明。Pterocaryquinone 是与二枚五成员的碳戒指有一架 pentacyclic 骨骼的新二聚的 1,4-naphthoquinone 衍生物，它为 1,4-naphthoquinone 衍生物提供了一架新奇结构的骨骼并且向老鼠癌症 tsFT210 房间显示出导致 apoptosis 活动。

Meridian Tropism of Polygoni Avicularis Herba by Tissue Distribution of Avicularin in Rats

Objective To observe the meridian tropism of Polygoni Avicularis Herba by tissue distribution of avicularin in rats. Methods Tissue distribution of avicularin in rat following a single iv administration was appointed and observed. HPLC method was established and validated for the determination of avicularin in rat tissues. Results Kidney and bladder were the most important target tissue of avicularin. Conclusion HPLC method is successfully applied to tissues distribution study of avicularin after iv administration to rats, and the results explain Polygoni Avicularis Herba on bladder tropism reasonably.

The influence of dihydropyridines calcium antagonists on 5-HT-induced intracellular calcium signal

Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was applied to detect the intracellular [Ca2+] variety of fluorescent intension, with Fluo-3/AM fluorescence loaded in SFSMC. The results show that 10 μmol/L Lacidipine can reduce the frequence which 10 μmol/L 5-HT induced [Ca2+] spark in SFSMC of calcium over loading to 50%, and amplitude to 50% or so. We can draw a conclusion that dihydropyridines cal-cium antagonists lacidipine can antagonize the release of intracellular [Ca2+] which 5-HT-induced in dose dependent manner.