As highly social animals,Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins(Sousa chinensis)exhibit community differentiation.Nevertheless,our understanding of the external and internal factors influencing these dynamics,as well as their...As highly social animals,Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins(Sousa chinensis)exhibit community differentiation.Nevertheless,our understanding of the external and internal factors influencing these dynamics,as well as their spatiotemporal variations,is still limited.In the present study,variations in the social structure of an endangered Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin population in Xiamen Bay,China,were monitored over two distinct periods(2007–2010 and 2017–2019)to analyze the effects of habitat utilization and the composition of individuals within the population.In both periods,the population demonstrated a strikingly similar pattern of social differentiation,characterized by the division of individuals into two main clusters and one small cluster.Spatially,the two primary clusters occupied the eastern and western waters,respectively,although the core distribution area of the eastern cluster shifted further eastward between the two periods.Despite this distribution shift,the temporal stability of the social structure and inter-associations within the eastern cluster remained unaffected.A subset of 16individuals observed in both periods,comprising 51.6%and 43.2%of the population in each respective period,emerged as a foundational element of the social structure and may be responsible for sustaining social structure stability,especially during the 2007–2010 period.These observations suggest that the composition of dominant individuals,an internal factor,had a more substantial influence on the formation of the social network than changes in habitat use,an external factor.Consequently,the study proposes distinct conservation measures tailored to each of the two main clusters.展开更多
Statistical two-group comparisons are widely used to identify the significant differentially expressed (DE) signatures against a therapy response for microarray data analysis. We applied a rank order statistics based ...Statistical two-group comparisons are widely used to identify the significant differentially expressed (DE) signatures against a therapy response for microarray data analysis. We applied a rank order statistics based on an Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARCH) residual empirical process to DE analysis. This approach was considered for simulation data and publicly available datasets, and was compared with two-group comparison by original data and Auto-regressive (AR) residual. The significant DE genes by the ARCH and AR residuals were reduced by about 20% - 30% to these genes by the original data. Almost 100% of the genes by ARCH are covered by the genes by the original data unlike the genes by AR residuals. GO enrichment and Pathway analyses indicate the consistent biological characteristics between genes by ARCH residuals and original data. ARCH residuals array data might contribute to refining the number of significant DE genes to detect the biological feature as well as ordinal microarray data.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (32030011,31630071)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFF1301600)Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions。
文摘As highly social animals,Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins(Sousa chinensis)exhibit community differentiation.Nevertheless,our understanding of the external and internal factors influencing these dynamics,as well as their spatiotemporal variations,is still limited.In the present study,variations in the social structure of an endangered Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin population in Xiamen Bay,China,were monitored over two distinct periods(2007–2010 and 2017–2019)to analyze the effects of habitat utilization and the composition of individuals within the population.In both periods,the population demonstrated a strikingly similar pattern of social differentiation,characterized by the division of individuals into two main clusters and one small cluster.Spatially,the two primary clusters occupied the eastern and western waters,respectively,although the core distribution area of the eastern cluster shifted further eastward between the two periods.Despite this distribution shift,the temporal stability of the social structure and inter-associations within the eastern cluster remained unaffected.A subset of 16individuals observed in both periods,comprising 51.6%and 43.2%of the population in each respective period,emerged as a foundational element of the social structure and may be responsible for sustaining social structure stability,especially during the 2007–2010 period.These observations suggest that the composition of dominant individuals,an internal factor,had a more substantial influence on the formation of the social network than changes in habitat use,an external factor.Consequently,the study proposes distinct conservation measures tailored to each of the two main clusters.
文摘Statistical two-group comparisons are widely used to identify the significant differentially expressed (DE) signatures against a therapy response for microarray data analysis. We applied a rank order statistics based on an Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (ARCH) residual empirical process to DE analysis. This approach was considered for simulation data and publicly available datasets, and was compared with two-group comparison by original data and Auto-regressive (AR) residual. The significant DE genes by the ARCH and AR residuals were reduced by about 20% - 30% to these genes by the original data. Almost 100% of the genes by ARCH are covered by the genes by the original data unlike the genes by AR residuals. GO enrichment and Pathway analyses indicate the consistent biological characteristics between genes by ARCH residuals and original data. ARCH residuals array data might contribute to refining the number of significant DE genes to detect the biological feature as well as ordinal microarray data.
