Clozapine is the only antipsychotic in the United States that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. It provides effective treatment even when patients do no...Clozapine is the only antipsychotic in the United States that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. It provides effective treatment even when patients do not respond to other second- generation antipsychotics.[1] It also remains the most effective antipsychotic available. No existing first or second-generation antipsychotic has been展开更多
Objective and Impact Statement.There is a need to develop rodent coils capable of targeted brain stimulation for treating neuropsychiatric disorders and understanding brain mechanisms.We describe a novel rodent coil d...Objective and Impact Statement.There is a need to develop rodent coils capable of targeted brain stimulation for treating neuropsychiatric disorders and understanding brain mechanisms.We describe a novel rodent coil design to improve the focality for targeted stimulations in small rodent brains.Introduction.Transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)is becoming increasingly important for treating neuropsychiatric disorders and understanding brain mechanisms.Preclinical studies permit invasive manipulations and are essential for the mechanistic understanding of TMS effects and explorations of therapeutic outcomes in disease models.However,existing TMS tools lack focality for targeted stimulations.Notably,there has been limited fundamental research on developing coils capable of focal stimulation at deep brain regions on small animals like rodents.Methods.In this study,ferromagnetic cores are added to a novel angle-tuned coil design to enhance the coil performance regarding penetration depth and focality.Numerical simulations and experimental electric field measurements were conducted to optimize the coil design.Results.The proposed coil system demonstrated a significantly smaller stimulation spot size and enhanced electric field decay rate in comparison to existing coils.Adding the ferromagnetic core reduces the energy requirements up to 60%for rodent brain stimulation.The simulated results are validated with experimental measurements and demonstration of suprathreshold rodent limb excitation through targeted motor cortex activation.Conclusion.The newly developed coils are suitable tools for focal stimulations of the rodent brain due to their smaller stimulation spot size and improved electric field decay rate.展开更多
文摘Clozapine is the only antipsychotic in the United States that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. It provides effective treatment even when patients do not respond to other second- generation antipsychotics.[1] It also remains the most effective antipsychotic available. No existing first or second-generation antipsychotic has been
基金supported in part by funding from the Mental Hygiene Administration of the Maryland Department of Health and Mental Hygiene to the Center for Excellence on Early Intervention for Serious Mental Illness(OPASS#14-13717G/M00B4400241)
基金supported by the NSF grant ECCS-1631820,NIH grants MH112180,MH108148,MH103222a Brain and Behavior Research Foundation grant.
文摘Objective and Impact Statement.There is a need to develop rodent coils capable of targeted brain stimulation for treating neuropsychiatric disorders and understanding brain mechanisms.We describe a novel rodent coil design to improve the focality for targeted stimulations in small rodent brains.Introduction.Transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS)is becoming increasingly important for treating neuropsychiatric disorders and understanding brain mechanisms.Preclinical studies permit invasive manipulations and are essential for the mechanistic understanding of TMS effects and explorations of therapeutic outcomes in disease models.However,existing TMS tools lack focality for targeted stimulations.Notably,there has been limited fundamental research on developing coils capable of focal stimulation at deep brain regions on small animals like rodents.Methods.In this study,ferromagnetic cores are added to a novel angle-tuned coil design to enhance the coil performance regarding penetration depth and focality.Numerical simulations and experimental electric field measurements were conducted to optimize the coil design.Results.The proposed coil system demonstrated a significantly smaller stimulation spot size and enhanced electric field decay rate in comparison to existing coils.Adding the ferromagnetic core reduces the energy requirements up to 60%for rodent brain stimulation.The simulated results are validated with experimental measurements and demonstration of suprathreshold rodent limb excitation through targeted motor cortex activation.Conclusion.The newly developed coils are suitable tools for focal stimulations of the rodent brain due to their smaller stimulation spot size and improved electric field decay rate.
