Gravitational waves and primordial black hole productions from gluodynamics by holography

Understanding the nature of quantum chromodynamics(QCD)matter is important but challenging due to the presence of nonperturbative dynamics under extreme conditions.We construct a holographic model describing the gluon sector of QCD at finite temperatures in the non-perturbative regime.The equation of state as a function of temperature is in good accordance with the lattice QCD data.Moreover,the Polyakov loop and the gluon condensation,which are proper order parameters to capture the deconfinement phase transition,also agree quantitatively well with the lattice QCD data.We obtain a strong first-order confinement/deconfinement phase transition at Tc=276.5 Me V that is consistent with the lattice QCD prediction.Based on our model for a pure gluon hidden sector,we compute the stochastic gravitational waves and primordial black hole(PBH)productions from this confinement/deconfinement phase transition in the early Universe.The resulting stochastic gravitational-wave backgrounds are found to be within detectability in the International Pulsar Timing Array and Square Kilometre Array in the near future when the associated productions of PBHs saturate the current observational bounds on the PBH abundances from the LIGO-Virgo-Collaboration O3 data.

Technology for the next gravitational wave detectors

This paper reviews some of the key enabling technologies for advanced and future laser interferometer gravitational wave detectors, which must combine test masses with the lowest possible optical and acoustic losses, with high stability lasers and various techniques for suppressing noise. Sect. 1 of this paper presents a review of the acoustic properties of test masses. Sect. 2 reviews the technology of the amorphous dielectric coatings which are currently universally used for the mirrors in advanced laser interferometers, but for which lower acoustic loss would be very advantageous. In sect. 3 a new generation of crystalline optical coatings that offer a substantial reduction in thermal noise is reviewed. The optical properties of test masses are reviewed in sect. 4, with special focus on the properties of silicon, an important candidate material for future detectors. Sect. 5 of this paper presents the very low noise, high stability laser technology that underpins all advanced and next generation laser interferometers.

Generalised Error Functions from the Kerr Metric

Motivated by the effort to understand the mathematical structure underlying the Teukolsky equations in a Kerr metric background,a homogeneous integral equation related to the prolate spheroidal function is studied.From the consideration of the Fredholm determinant of the integral equation,a family of generalized error function is defined,with which the Fredholm determinant of the sinc kernel is also evaluated.An analytic solution of a special case of the fifth Painleve transcendent is then worked out explicitly.

Genus two correlation functions in CFTs with TT deformation

Since the definition of TT deformation in the curved Riemann surface is obstructive in the literature,we propose a way to do the deformation in the genus two Riemann surfaces by sewing prescription.We construct the correlation functions of conformal field theories(CFTs)on genus two Riemann surfaces with the TT deformation in terms of the perturbative CFT approach.Thanks to sewing construction to form higher genus Riemann surfaces from lower genus ones and conformal symmetry,we systematically obtain the first-order TT correction to the genus two correlation functions in the TT deformed CFTs,e.g.,partition function and one/higher-point correlation functions.

Tests of gravitational symmetries with radio pulsars

Symmetries play important roles in modern theories of physical laws. In this paper, we review several experimental tests of important symmetries associated with the gravitational interaction, including the universality of free fall for self-gravitating bodies,time-shift symmetry in the gravitational constant, local position invariance and local Lorentz invariance of gravity, and spacetime translational symmetries. Recent experimental explorations for post-Newtonian gravity are discussed, of which, those from pulsar astronomy are highlighted. All of these tests, of very different aspects of gravity theories, at very different length scales, favor to very high precision the predictions of the strong equivalence principle(SEP) and, in particular, general relativity which embodies SEP completely. As the founding principles of gravity, these symmetries are motivated to be promoted to even stricter tests in future.

Note on higher-point correlation functions of the TT or JT deformed CFTs

We investigate generic n-point correlation functions of conformal field theories(CFTs),with TT and JT deformations,in terms of the perturbative CFT approach.We systematically obtain the first order correction to the generic correlation functions of CFTs with TT or JT deformation.We compute the out of time ordered correlation function(OTOC)in the Ising model with TT or Jdeformation,which confirms that these deformations do not change the integrable property up to the first order level.

首例引力波探测事件GW150914与引力波天文学

100年前,爱因斯坦从广义相对论出发,在理论上预言了引力波的存在.自20世纪60年代开始,科学家开始试图在实验上检测来自不同天体物理过程和宇宙学演化过程的引力波信号.经过了50多年的努力,位于美国的LIGO引力波探测器在2015年9月14日终于首次直接探测到了双黑洞合并的引力波信号,为人类的天文学研究打开了一扇全新的"引力波窗口".可以预见到在不久的将来引力波研究会从各个不同的引力波频段上探索宇宙的未知信息.本文从引力波的物理内容、空间和地面的探测手段及噪声限制、引力波在天体物理学等方面的可预见的科学产出、国内和国际上在这个研究领域的最新发展动态等方面,对引力波天文学做了简单的综述和讨论.另外,本文还就LIGO的首例引力波直接探测事件GW150914及其背后的双黑洞合并的物理过程做了一定的介绍.

Near integrability of kink lattice with higher order interactions

We make use of Manton's analytical method to investigate the force between kinks and anti-kinks at large distances in 1+1 dimensional field theory.The related potential has infinite order corrections of exponential pattern,and the coefficients for each order are determined.These coefficients can also be obtained by solving the equation of the fluctuations around the vacuum.At the lowest order,the kink lattice represents the Toda lattice.With higher order correction terms,the kink lattice can represent one kind of generic Toda lattice.With only two sites,the kink lattice is classically integrable.If the number of sites of the lattice is larger than two,the kink lattice is not integrable but is a near integrable system.We make use of Flaschka's variables to study the Lax pair of the kink lattice.These Flaschka's variables have interesting algebraic relations and non-integrability can be manifested.We also discuss the higher Hamiltonians for the deformed open Toda lattice,which has a similar result to the ordinary deformed Toda.