目的·探究去唾液酸糖蛋白受体1(asialoglycoprotein receptor 1,ASGR1)在肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)中的意义及潜在机制。方法·通过R语言分析癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)数据库中ASGR1在肝癌...目的·探究去唾液酸糖蛋白受体1(asialoglycoprotein receptor 1,ASGR1)在肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)中的意义及潜在机制。方法·通过R语言分析癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)数据库中ASGR1在肝癌患者中的表达情况并绘制相关生存曲线。利用人类蛋白质图谱(The Human Protein Atlas,HPA)数据库获得人体正常肝组织和肝癌组织的免疫组织化学(immunohistochemistry,IHC)数据来分析ASGR1的蛋白表达情况。利用流体动力学尾静脉注射(hydrodynamic tail vein injection,HTVI)递送方法,在免疫完全的小鼠肝脏中敲除Asgr1探究其在体内的致瘤功能,并通过蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blotting,WB)验证基因敲除效率。利用R语言进行京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)通路富集分析及相关性分析,利用基因探针富集(Gene Set Enrichment Analysis,GSEA)软件进行GSEA hallmark相关通路分析,利用实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qPCR)在小鼠肝癌组织中验证糖酵解关键基因表达水平。结果·ASGR1在肝癌组织中显著低表达,在肝癌患者中ASGR1的低表达与患者较差的总体生存期(overall survival,OS)、无疾病间隔(disease free interval,DFI)、无进展间隔期(progression free interval,PFI)和疾病特异性生存期(disease specific survival,DSS)相关;肿瘤分级程度越高的肝癌患者ASGR1基因表达水平越低。人体正常肝组织ASGR1蛋白的表达显著高于肝癌组织。在免疫完全的肝细胞癌小鼠模型中,小鼠内源性Asgr1敲除可增加肝组织中肿瘤结节的大小和数量。TCGA数据库中ASGR1低表达组肝癌患者富集到多条癌症及代谢相关通路,ASGR1表达与部分糖酵解关键基因表达呈负相关,Asgr1敲除组的小鼠肝癌组织中糖酵解水平高于对照组,提示ASGR1低表达很可能促进肝癌的生长发展,加强代谢重编程促进肿瘤的合成代谢发展。结论·ASGR1在肝癌患者中表达显著降低,与患者的预后呈正相关;小鼠体内敲除Asgr1可促进肝细胞癌的发生发展;ASGR1可以作为肝癌预后不良的潜在生物标志物和潜在治疗新靶点。展开更多
In this review,we revisit the pivotal role of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3(FGFR3)in bladder cancer(BLCA),underscoring its prevalence in both nonmuscle-invasive and muscle-invasive forms of the disease.FGFR3 mut...In this review,we revisit the pivotal role of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3(FGFR3)in bladder cancer(BLCA),underscoring its prevalence in both nonmuscle-invasive and muscle-invasive forms of the disease.FGFR3 mutations in up to half of BLCAs play a well-established role in tumorigenesis,shaping distinct tumor initiation patterns and impacting the tumor microenvironment(TME).Emphasizing the importance of considering epithelial-mesenchymal transition profile and TME status,we revisit their relevance in predicting responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors in FGFR3-mutated BLCAs.This writing highlights the initially promising yet transient efficacy of the FGFR inhibitor Erdafitinib on FGFR3-mutated BLCA,stressing the pressing need to unravel resistance mechanisms and identify co-targets for future combinatorial studies.A thorough analysis of recent preclinical and clinical evidence reveals resistance mechanisms,including secondarymutations,epigenetic alterations in pathway effectors,phenotypic heterogeneity,and population-specific variations within FGFR3 mutational status.Lastly,we discuss the potential of combinatorial treatments and concepts like synthetic lethality for discovering more effective targeted therapies against FGFR3-mutated BLCA.展开更多
No effective drug treatments are available for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Host-directed therapies targeting the underlying aberrant immune responses leading to pulmonary tissue damage,death,or long-term functi...No effective drug treatments are available for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Host-directed therapies targeting the underlying aberrant immune responses leading to pulmonary tissue damage,death,or long-term functional disability in survivors require clinical evaluation.We performed a parallel assigned controlled,non-randomized,phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate the safety of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells(UC-MSCs)infusions in the treatment of patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 pulmonary disease.The study enrolled 18 hospitalized patients with COVID-19(n=9 for each group).The treatment group received three cycles of intravenous infusion of UC-MSCs(3×107 cells per infusion)on days 0,3,and 6.Both groups received standard COVID-treatment regimens.Adverse events,duration of clinical symptoms,laboratory parameters,length of hospitalization,serial chest computed tomography(CT)images,the PaO2/FiO2 ratio,dynamics of cytokines,and IgG and IgM anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were analyzed.No serious UC-MSCs infusion-associated adverse events were observed.Two patients receiving UC-MSCs developed transient facial flushing and fever,and one patient developed transient hypoxia at 12 h post UC-MSCs transfusion.Mechanical ventilation was required in one patient in the treatment group compared with four in the control group.All patients recovered and were discharged.Our data show that intravenous UC-MSCs infusion in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 is safe and well tolerated.Phase 2/3 randomized,controlled,double-blinded trials with long-term follow-up are needed to evaluate the therapeutic use of UC-MSCs to reduce deaths and improve long-term treatment outcomes in patients with serious COVID-19.展开更多
目的:利用Wnt/β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)信号通路报告系统,探讨Wnt/β-catenin信号通路活性与前列腺癌干细胞的关系。方法:通过免疫荧光染色法检测Wnt/β-catenin信号通路在前列腺癌中的激活情况;应用脂质体法将携带有T细胞特异性转录因...目的:利用Wnt/β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)信号通路报告系统,探讨Wnt/β-catenin信号通路活性与前列腺癌干细胞的关系。方法:通过免疫荧光染色法检测Wnt/β-catenin信号通路在前列腺癌中的激活情况;应用脂质体法将携带有T细胞特异性转录因子(T cell speci c transcription factor,TCF)结合位点和增强型绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green uorescent protein,eGFP)的Wnt/β-catenin信号通路报告质粒7TGP稳定转入前列腺癌PC3和DU145细胞,并采用FCM法分选技术,分选出GFP表达最高(GFP^+)和最低(GFP^-)5%的细胞群体。采用蛋白质印迹法比较GFP^+和GFP^-细胞群细胞核中激活的β-catenin表达量的差异;实时荧光定量PCR法检测GFP^+和GFP^-细胞群Wnt信号通路下游靶基因表达的变化;采用细胞成球实验和实时荧光定量PCR法比较GFP^+和GFP^-细胞群的干性强弱。结果:大部分前列腺癌细胞中经典Wnt信号通路呈现低激活状态,β-catenin未被激活进入细胞核内,然而少部分细胞中经典Wnt信号通路呈现高激活状态,β-catenin被激活转移进入细胞核的量显著增高。与各自对应的GFP-细胞(PC3-GFP-和DU145-GFP-细胞)相比,PC3-GFP^+细胞和DU145-GFP^+细胞核中β-catenin蛋白的表达量明显上调(P值均<0.05),且Wnt信号通路下游靶基因轴蛋白抑制因子2(Axis inhibition protein 2,AXIN2)mRNA水平上调(P值均<0.05)。与各自对应的GFP-细胞相比,干性相关基因多梳复合蛋白B细胞特异性莫洛氏鼠白血病病毒插入位点1(B-cell-speci c moloney leukemia virusinsert site-1,BMI-1)和乙醛脱氢酶1A1(aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A1,ALDH1A1)mRNA在PC3-GFP^+细胞中表达上调(P值均<0.05),ALDH1A3和CD44 mRNA在DU145-GFP^+细胞中表达上调(P值均<0.05)。与各自对应的GFP^-细胞相比,PC3-GFP^+细胞和DU145-GFP^+细胞的成球能力均明显上调(P值均<0.05)。结论:Wnt/β-catenin信号通路活性高的前列腺癌细胞群体展现出更高的干细胞的特性。展开更多
This study was designed to explore the regulatory effects of male germ cell secreting factor NODAL on Sertoli cell fate decisions from obstructive azoospermia （OA） and nonobstructive azoospermia （NOA） patients. Hu...This study was designed to explore the regulatory effects of male germ cell secreting factor NODAL on Sertoli cell fate decisions from obstructive azoospermia （OA） and nonobstructive azoospermia （NOA） patients. Human Sertoli cells and male germ cells were isolated using two-step enzymatic digestion and SATPUT from testes of azoospermia patients. Expression of NODAL and its multiple receptors in human Sertoli cells and male germ cells were characterized by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCRI and immunochemistry. Human recombinant NODAL and its receptor inhibitor SB431542 were employed to probe their effect on the proliferation of Sertoli cells using the CCK-8 assay. Quantitative PCR and Western blots were utilized to assess the expression of Sertoli cell functional genes and proteins. NODAL was found to be expressed in male germ cells but not in Sertoli cells, whereas its receptors ALK4, ALK7, and ACTR-IIB were detected in Sertoli cells and germ cells, suggesting that NODAL plays a regulatory role in Sertoli cells and germ cells via a paracrine and autocrine pathway, respectively. Human recombinant NODAL could promote the proliferation of human Sertoli cells. The expression of cell cycle regulators, including CYCLIN A, CYCLIN D1 and CYCLIN E, was not remarkably affected by NODAL signaling. NODAL enhanced the expression of essential growth factors, including GDNF, SCF, and BMP4, whereas SB431542 decreased their levels. There was not homogeneity of genes changes by NODAL treatment in Sertoli cells from OA and Sertoli cell-only syndrome （SCO） patients. Collectively, this study demonstrates that NODAL produced by human male germ cells regulates proliferation and numerous gene expression of Sertoli cells.展开更多
Treatment of severe Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)is challenging.We performed a phase 2 trial to assess the efficacy andsafety of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells(UC-MScs)to treat severe coViD-19 patien...Treatment of severe Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)is challenging.We performed a phase 2 trial to assess the efficacy andsafety of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells(UC-MScs)to treat severe coViD-19 patients with lung damage,based onour phase 1 data.In this randomized,double-blind,and placebo-controlled trial,we recruited 101 severe coVID-19 patients withlung damage.They were randomly assigned at a 2:1 ratio to receive either UC-MSCs(4×10^(7)cells per infusion)or placebo on day 0,3,and 6.The primary endpoint was an altered proportion of whole lung lesion volumes from baseline to day 28.Other imagingoutcomes,6-minute walk test(6-MWT),maximum vital capacity,diffusing capacity,and adverse events were recorded and analyzed.In all,100 COVID-19 patients were finally received either UC-MSCs in=65)or placebo(n=35).UC-MSCs administrationexerted numerical improvement in whole lung lesion volume from baseline to day 28 compared with the placebo(the mediandifference was-13.31%,95%Cl-29.14%,2.13%,P=0.08).UC-MSCs significanty reduced the proportions of solid componentlesion volume compared with the placebo(median difference:-15.45%;95%CI-30.82%,-0.39%;P=0.043).The 6-MWT showedan increased distance in patients treated with UC-MSCs(difference:27.00 m;95%CI 0.00,57.00;P=0.057).The incidence of adverseevents was similar in the two groups.These results suggest that UC-MSCs treatment is a safe and potentially effective therapeuticapproach for COVID-19 patients with lung damage.A phase 3 trial is required to evaluate effects on reducing mortality andpreventing long-term pulmonary disability.展开更多
文摘目的·探究去唾液酸糖蛋白受体1(asialoglycoprotein receptor 1,ASGR1)在肝细胞癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)中的意义及潜在机制。方法·通过R语言分析癌症基因组图谱(The Cancer Genome Atlas,TCGA)数据库中ASGR1在肝癌患者中的表达情况并绘制相关生存曲线。利用人类蛋白质图谱(The Human Protein Atlas,HPA)数据库获得人体正常肝组织和肝癌组织的免疫组织化学(immunohistochemistry,IHC)数据来分析ASGR1的蛋白表达情况。利用流体动力学尾静脉注射(hydrodynamic tail vein injection,HTVI)递送方法,在免疫完全的小鼠肝脏中敲除Asgr1探究其在体内的致瘤功能,并通过蛋白免疫印迹法(Western blotting,WB)验证基因敲除效率。利用R语言进行京都基因与基因组百科全书(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes,KEGG)通路富集分析及相关性分析,利用基因探针富集(Gene Set Enrichment Analysis,GSEA)软件进行GSEA hallmark相关通路分析,利用实时荧光定量PCR(quantitative real-time PCR,qPCR)在小鼠肝癌组织中验证糖酵解关键基因表达水平。结果·ASGR1在肝癌组织中显著低表达,在肝癌患者中ASGR1的低表达与患者较差的总体生存期(overall survival,OS)、无疾病间隔(disease free interval,DFI)、无进展间隔期(progression free interval,PFI)和疾病特异性生存期(disease specific survival,DSS)相关;肿瘤分级程度越高的肝癌患者ASGR1基因表达水平越低。人体正常肝组织ASGR1蛋白的表达显著高于肝癌组织。在免疫完全的肝细胞癌小鼠模型中,小鼠内源性Asgr1敲除可增加肝组织中肿瘤结节的大小和数量。TCGA数据库中ASGR1低表达组肝癌患者富集到多条癌症及代谢相关通路,ASGR1表达与部分糖酵解关键基因表达呈负相关,Asgr1敲除组的小鼠肝癌组织中糖酵解水平高于对照组,提示ASGR1低表达很可能促进肝癌的生长发展,加强代谢重编程促进肿瘤的合成代谢发展。结论·ASGR1在肝癌患者中表达显著降低,与患者的预后呈正相关;小鼠体内敲除Asgr1可促进肝细胞癌的发生发展;ASGR1可以作为肝癌预后不良的潜在生物标志物和潜在治疗新靶点。
文摘In this review,we revisit the pivotal role of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3(FGFR3)in bladder cancer(BLCA),underscoring its prevalence in both nonmuscle-invasive and muscle-invasive forms of the disease.FGFR3 mutations in up to half of BLCAs play a well-established role in tumorigenesis,shaping distinct tumor initiation patterns and impacting the tumor microenvironment(TME).Emphasizing the importance of considering epithelial-mesenchymal transition profile and TME status,we revisit their relevance in predicting responses to immune checkpoint inhibitors in FGFR3-mutated BLCAs.This writing highlights the initially promising yet transient efficacy of the FGFR inhibitor Erdafitinib on FGFR3-mutated BLCA,stressing the pressing need to unravel resistance mechanisms and identify co-targets for future combinatorial studies.A thorough analysis of recent preclinical and clinical evidence reveals resistance mechanisms,including secondarymutations,epigenetic alterations in pathway effectors,phenotypic heterogeneity,and population-specific variations within FGFR3 mutational status.Lastly,we discuss the potential of combinatorial treatments and concepts like synthetic lethality for discovering more effective targeted therapies against FGFR3-mutated BLCA.
基金supported by The National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFC0841900,2020YFC0844000)The Innovation Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81721002)+2 种基金The National Science and Technology Major Project(2017YFA0105703)The Military Emergency Research Project for COVID-19(BWS20J006)The Project for Innovation of Military Medicine of China(16CXZ045).
文摘No effective drug treatments are available for coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19).Host-directed therapies targeting the underlying aberrant immune responses leading to pulmonary tissue damage,death,or long-term functional disability in survivors require clinical evaluation.We performed a parallel assigned controlled,non-randomized,phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate the safety of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells(UC-MSCs)infusions in the treatment of patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 pulmonary disease.The study enrolled 18 hospitalized patients with COVID-19(n=9 for each group).The treatment group received three cycles of intravenous infusion of UC-MSCs(3×107 cells per infusion)on days 0,3,and 6.Both groups received standard COVID-treatment regimens.Adverse events,duration of clinical symptoms,laboratory parameters,length of hospitalization,serial chest computed tomography(CT)images,the PaO2/FiO2 ratio,dynamics of cytokines,and IgG and IgM anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were analyzed.No serious UC-MSCs infusion-associated adverse events were observed.Two patients receiving UC-MSCs developed transient facial flushing and fever,and one patient developed transient hypoxia at 12 h post UC-MSCs transfusion.Mechanical ventilation was required in one patient in the treatment group compared with four in the control group.All patients recovered and were discharged.Our data show that intravenous UC-MSCs infusion in patients with moderate and severe COVID-19 is safe and well tolerated.Phase 2/3 randomized,controlled,double-blinded trials with long-term follow-up are needed to evaluate the therapeutic use of UC-MSCs to reduce deaths and improve long-term treatment outcomes in patients with serious COVID-19.
文摘目的:利用Wnt/β-连环蛋白(β-catenin)信号通路报告系统,探讨Wnt/β-catenin信号通路活性与前列腺癌干细胞的关系。方法:通过免疫荧光染色法检测Wnt/β-catenin信号通路在前列腺癌中的激活情况;应用脂质体法将携带有T细胞特异性转录因子(T cell speci c transcription factor,TCF)结合位点和增强型绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green uorescent protein,eGFP)的Wnt/β-catenin信号通路报告质粒7TGP稳定转入前列腺癌PC3和DU145细胞,并采用FCM法分选技术,分选出GFP表达最高(GFP^+)和最低(GFP^-)5%的细胞群体。采用蛋白质印迹法比较GFP^+和GFP^-细胞群细胞核中激活的β-catenin表达量的差异;实时荧光定量PCR法检测GFP^+和GFP^-细胞群Wnt信号通路下游靶基因表达的变化;采用细胞成球实验和实时荧光定量PCR法比较GFP^+和GFP^-细胞群的干性强弱。结果:大部分前列腺癌细胞中经典Wnt信号通路呈现低激活状态,β-catenin未被激活进入细胞核内,然而少部分细胞中经典Wnt信号通路呈现高激活状态,β-catenin被激活转移进入细胞核的量显著增高。与各自对应的GFP-细胞(PC3-GFP-和DU145-GFP-细胞)相比,PC3-GFP^+细胞和DU145-GFP^+细胞核中β-catenin蛋白的表达量明显上调(P值均<0.05),且Wnt信号通路下游靶基因轴蛋白抑制因子2(Axis inhibition protein 2,AXIN2)mRNA水平上调(P值均<0.05)。与各自对应的GFP-细胞相比,干性相关基因多梳复合蛋白B细胞特异性莫洛氏鼠白血病病毒插入位点1(B-cell-speci c moloney leukemia virusinsert site-1,BMI-1)和乙醛脱氢酶1A1(aldehyde dehydrogenase family 1 member A1,ALDH1A1)mRNA在PC3-GFP^+细胞中表达上调(P值均<0.05),ALDH1A3和CD44 mRNA在DU145-GFP^+细胞中表达上调(P值均<0.05)。与各自对应的GFP^-细胞相比,PC3-GFP^+细胞和DU145-GFP^+细胞的成球能力均明显上调(P值均<0.05)。结论:Wnt/β-catenin信号通路活性高的前列腺癌细胞群体展现出更高的干细胞的特性。
文摘This study was designed to explore the regulatory effects of male germ cell secreting factor NODAL on Sertoli cell fate decisions from obstructive azoospermia （OA） and nonobstructive azoospermia （NOA） patients. Human Sertoli cells and male germ cells were isolated using two-step enzymatic digestion and SATPUT from testes of azoospermia patients. Expression of NODAL and its multiple receptors in human Sertoli cells and male germ cells were characterized by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCRI and immunochemistry. Human recombinant NODAL and its receptor inhibitor SB431542 were employed to probe their effect on the proliferation of Sertoli cells using the CCK-8 assay. Quantitative PCR and Western blots were utilized to assess the expression of Sertoli cell functional genes and proteins. NODAL was found to be expressed in male germ cells but not in Sertoli cells, whereas its receptors ALK4, ALK7, and ACTR-IIB were detected in Sertoli cells and germ cells, suggesting that NODAL plays a regulatory role in Sertoli cells and germ cells via a paracrine and autocrine pathway, respectively. Human recombinant NODAL could promote the proliferation of human Sertoli cells. The expression of cell cycle regulators, including CYCLIN A, CYCLIN D1 and CYCLIN E, was not remarkably affected by NODAL signaling. NODAL enhanced the expression of essential growth factors, including GDNF, SCF, and BMP4, whereas SB431542 decreased their levels. There was not homogeneity of genes changes by NODAL treatment in Sertoli cells from OA and Sertoli cell-only syndrome （SCO） patients. Collectively, this study demonstrates that NODAL produced by human male germ cells regulates proliferation and numerous gene expression of Sertoli cells.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81672548,81874098 and 82072845 to C.C.W.,No.81572536 and 81902609 to S.Y.)Program for Professor of Special Appointment(Eastern Scholar)+5 种基金Shanghai Institutions of Higher Learning(No.2016012 to C.C.W.)State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes(No.97-17-01 to C.C.W.)Shanghai Municipal Education Commission-Gaofeng Clinical Medicine Grant Support(C.C.W.)Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission(No.19410740400 to C.C.W.,20WZ2504600 to M.C.W.)Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Postdoctoral Incentive Program(S.Y.)111 Project(No.B21024)。
基金Funded by The National Key R&D Program of China and others.ClinicalTrials.gov number,NCT04288102supported by The National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFC0841900,2020YFC0844000,2020YFC08860900)+1 种基金The Innovation Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81721002)The National Science and Technology Major Project(2017YFA0105703).
文摘Treatment of severe Coronavirus Disease 2019(COVID-19)is challenging.We performed a phase 2 trial to assess the efficacy andsafety of human umbilical cord-mesenchymal stem cells(UC-MScs)to treat severe coViD-19 patients with lung damage,based onour phase 1 data.In this randomized,double-blind,and placebo-controlled trial,we recruited 101 severe coVID-19 patients withlung damage.They were randomly assigned at a 2:1 ratio to receive either UC-MSCs(4×10^(7)cells per infusion)or placebo on day 0,3,and 6.The primary endpoint was an altered proportion of whole lung lesion volumes from baseline to day 28.Other imagingoutcomes,6-minute walk test(6-MWT),maximum vital capacity,diffusing capacity,and adverse events were recorded and analyzed.In all,100 COVID-19 patients were finally received either UC-MSCs in=65)or placebo(n=35).UC-MSCs administrationexerted numerical improvement in whole lung lesion volume from baseline to day 28 compared with the placebo(the mediandifference was-13.31%,95%Cl-29.14%,2.13%,P=0.08).UC-MSCs significanty reduced the proportions of solid componentlesion volume compared with the placebo(median difference:-15.45%;95%CI-30.82%,-0.39%;P=0.043).The 6-MWT showedan increased distance in patients treated with UC-MSCs(difference:27.00 m;95%CI 0.00,57.00;P=0.057).The incidence of adverseevents was similar in the two groups.These results suggest that UC-MSCs treatment is a safe and potentially effective therapeuticapproach for COVID-19 patients with lung damage.A phase 3 trial is required to evaluate effects on reducing mortality andpreventing long-term pulmonary disability.
